Online Vectorized HD Map Construction using Geometry
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Abstract (arXiv)
The construction of online vectorized High-Definition (HD) maps is critical for downstream prediction and planning. Recent efforts have built strong baselines for this task, however, shapes and relations of instances in urban road systems are still under-explored, such as parallelism, perpendicular, or rectangle-shape. In our work, we propose GeMap (Geometry Map), which end-to-end learns Euclidean shapes and relations of map instances beyond basic perception. Specifically, we design a geometric loss based on angle and distance clues, which is robust to rigid transformations. We also decouple self-attention to independently handle Euclidean shapes and relations. Our method achieves new state-of-the-art performance on the NuScenes and Argoverse 2 datasets. Remarkably, it reaches a 71.8% mAP on the large-scale Argoverse 2 dataset, outperforming MapTR V2 by +4.4% and surpassing the 70% mAP threshold for the first time. Code is available at https://github.com/cnzzx/GeMap.
Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Dec 2023.
Builds on
42 of 50 references.
References · 42
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- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,415
- 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
- 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,707
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,213
- 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,040
- 2022BEVFusion: Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion with Unified Bird's-Eye View Representationcited by 844
- 2023Argoverse 2: Next Generation Datasets for Self-Driving Perception and Forecastingcited by 701
30 more
- 2022BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 568
- 2020VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representationcited by 528
- 2020Learning Lane Graph Representations for Motion Forecastingcited by 380
- 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 311
- 2021HDMapNet: An Online HD Map Construction and Evaluation Frameworkcited by 280
- 2022Cross-view Transformers for real-time Map-view Semantic Segmentationcited by 264
- 2022VectorMapNet: End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 243
- 2023MapTRv2: An End-to-End Framework for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 192
- 2019Cross-view Semantic Segmentation for Sensing Surroundingscited by 173
- 2019An Energy and GPU-Computation Efficient Backbone Network for Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 163
- 2023StreamMapNet: Streaming Mapping Network for Vectorized Online HD Map Constructioncited by 143
- 2020Keep your Eyes on the Lane: Real-time Attention-guided Lane Detectioncited by 137
- 2021Urban Driver: Learning to Drive from Real-world Demonstrations Using Policy Gradientscited by 122
- 2022ViP3D: End-to-end Visual Trajectory Prediction via 3D Agent Queriescited by 116
- 2021Multimodal Trajectory Prediction Conditioned on Lane-Graph Traversalscited by 112
- 2020PolyLaneNet: Lane Estimation via Deep Polynomial Regressioncited by 95
- 2022Rethinking Efficient Lane Detection via Curve Modelingcited by 87
- 2018Monocular Semantic Occupancy Grid Mapping with Convolutional Variational Encoder-Decoder Networkscited by 84
- 2023PivotNet: Vectorized Pivot Learning for End-to-end HD Map Constructioncited by 84
- 2022Efficient and Robust 2D-to-BEV Representation Learning via Geometry-guided Kernel Transformercited by 80
- 2023End-to-End Vectorized HD-map Construction with Piecewise Bezier Curvecited by 80
- 2022A Keypoint-based Global Association Network for Lane Detectioncited by 68
- 2023Online Map Vectorization for Autonomous Driving: A Rasterization Perspectivecited by 54
- 2023Anchor3DLane: Learning to Regress 3D Anchors for Monocular 3D Lane Detectioncited by 48
- 2021HDMapGen: A Hierarchical Graph Generative Model of High Definition Mapscited by 40
- 2019End-to-end Lane Detection through Differentiable Least-Squares Fittingcited by 36
- 2021Learning to Predict 3D Lane Shape and Camera Pose from a Single Image via Geometry Constraintscited by 30
- 2022Deep Interactive Motion Prediction and Planning: Playing Games with Motion Prediction Modelscited by 27
- 2020Driving among Flatmobiles: Bird-Eye-View occupancy grids from a monocular camera for holistic trajectory planningcited by 24
- 2023MV-Map: Offboard HD-Map Generation with Multi-view Consistencycited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 14; 2025: 21; 2026: 7.
42 papers.
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- 2024MapTracker: Tracking with Strided Memory Fusion for Consistent Vector HD Mappingcited by 67
- 2024T2SG: Traffic Topology Scene Graph for Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 35
- 2024Forging Vision Foundation Models for Autonomous Driving: Challenges, Methodologies, and Opportunitiescited by 24
- 2024MapExpert: Online HD Map Construction with Simple and Efficient Sparse Map Element Expertcited by 16
- 2025MSC-Bench: Benchmarking and Analyzing Multi-Sensor Corruption for Driving Perceptioncited by 15
- 2024PrevPredMap: Exploring Temporal Modeling with Previous Predictions for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 12
- 2024Unveiling the Hidden: Online Vectorized HD Map Construction with Clip-Level Token Interaction and Propagationcited by 12
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Priorcited by 12
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?cited by 9
- 2025LDMapNet-U: An End-to-End System for City-Scale Lane-Level Map Updatingcited by 8
- 2025HisTrackMap: Global Vectorized High-Definition Map Construction via History Map Trackingcited by 8
- 2025InteractionMap: Improving Online Vectorized HDMap Construction with Interactioncited by 8
30 more
- 2024Multimodal Pathway: Improve Transformers with Irrelevant Data from Other Modalitiescited by 7
- 2024DuMapNet: An End-to-End Vectorization System for City-Scale Lane-Level Map Generationcited by 7
- 2024TopoMaskV2: Enhanced Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problemcited by 7
- 2024Exploring Semi-Supervised Learning for Online Mappingcited by 6
- 2025Delving into Mapping Uncertainty for Mapless Trajectory Predictioncited by 6
- 2025Stability Under Scrutiny: Benchmarking Representation Paradigms for Online HD Mappingcited by 6
- 2024Map It Anywhere (MIA): Empowering Bird's Eye View Mapping using Large-scale Public Datacited by 5
- 2024LGmap: Local-to-Global Mapping Network for Online Long-Range Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 4
- 2025Uni-PrevPredMap: Extending PrevPredMap to a Unified Framework of Prior-Informed Modeling for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 4
- 2025Uncertainty-Instructed Structure Injection for Generalizable HD Map Constructioncited by 3
- 2025Coherent Online Road Topology Estimation and Reasoning with Standard-Definition Mapscited by 3
- 2025Mapping like a Skeptic: Probabilistic BEV Projection for Online HD Mappingcited by 3
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 3
- 2024LMT-Net: Lane Model Transformer Network for Automated HD Mapping from Sparse Vehicle Observationscited by 2
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenescited by 2
- 2025RelMap: Enhancing Online Map Construction with Class-Aware Spatial Relation and Semantic Priorscited by 2
- 2025PriorFusion: Unified Integration of Priors for Robust Road Perception in Autonomous Drivingcited by 2
- 2025MapRF: Weakly Supervised Online HD Map Construction via NeRF-Guided Self-Trainingcited by 2
- 2025NavMapFusion: Diffusion-based Fusion of Navigation Maps for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 2
- 2025AMap: Distilling Future Priors for Ahead-Aware Online HD Map Constructioncited by 2
- 2025SuperMapNet for Long-Range and High-Accuracy Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 1
- 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priorscited by 1
- 2025Learning Global Representation from Queries for Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 1
- 2025All You Need for Object Detection: From Pixels, Points, and Prompts to Next-Gen Fusion and Multimodal LLMs/VLMs in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 1
- 2026FlexMap: Robust HD Map Construction under Flexible Camera Configurationscited by 1
- 2026OptiMVMap: Offline Vectorized Map Construction via Optimal Multi-vehicle Perspectivescited by 1
- 2026AerialFusionMapNet: Online HD Map Construction with Aerial-Onboard BEV Fusioncited by 1
- 2026PredMapNet: Future and Historical Reasoning for Consistent Online HD Vectorized Map Constructioncited by 0
- 2026MapAgent: An Industrial-Grade Agentic Framework for City-scale Lane-level Map Generationcited by 0
- 2026GaussianMap: Learning Gaussian Representation for Multi-Sensor Online HD Map Constructioncited by 0
- 2026GaussianMap: Learning Gaussian Representation for Multi-Sensor Online HD Map Construction30 Jun 2026
- 2026AerialFusionMapNet: Online HD Map Construction with Aerial-Onboard BEV Fusion23 Jun 2026
- 2026MapAgent: An Industrial-Grade Agentic Framework for City-scale Lane-level Map Generation3 Jun 2026
- 2026OptiMVMap: Offline Vectorized Map Construction via Optimal Multi-vehicle Perspectives18 Apr 2026
- 2026PredMapNet: Future and Historical Reasoning for Consistent Online HD Vectorized Map Construction18 Feb 2026
- 2026FlexMap: Robust HD Map Construction under Flexible Camera Configurations29 Jan 2026
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Construction15 Jan 2026
- 2025AMap: Distilling Future Priors for Ahead-Aware Online HD Map Construction22 Dec 2025
- 2025NavMapFusion: Diffusion-based Fusion of Navigation Maps for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction3 Dec 2025
- 2025MapRF: Weakly Supervised Online HD Map Construction via NeRF-Guided Self-Training24 Nov 2025
- 2025All You Need for Object Detection: From Pixels, Points, and Prompts to Next-Gen Fusion and Multimodal LLMs/VLMs in Autonomous Vehicles30 Oct 2025
- 2025Stability Under Scrutiny: Benchmarking Representation Paradigms for Online HD Mapping12 Oct 2025
30 more
- 2025Learning Global Representation from Queries for Vectorized HD Map Construction8 Oct 2025
- 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priors10 Sep 2025
- 2025Mapping like a Skeptic: Probabilistic BEV Projection for Online HD Mapping29 Aug 2025
- 2025PriorFusion: Unified Integration of Priors for Robust Road Perception in Autonomous Driving31 Jul 2025
- 2025RelMap: Enhancing Online Map Construction with Class-Aware Spatial Relation and Semantic Priors29 Jul 2025
- 2025Delving into Mapping Uncertainty for Mapless Trajectory Prediction24 Jul 2025
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?2 Jul 2025
- 2025Coherent Online Road Topology Estimation and Reasoning with Standard-Definition Maps2 Jul 2025
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes16 Jun 2025
- 2025SuperMapNet for Long-Range and High-Accuracy Vectorized HD Map Construction20 May 2025
- 2025Uni-PrevPredMap: Extending PrevPredMap to a Unified Framework of Prior-Informed Modeling for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction9 Apr 2025
- 2025Uncertainty-Instructed Structure Injection for Generalizable HD Map Construction29 Mar 2025
- 2025InteractionMap: Improving Online Vectorized HDMap Construction with Interaction27 Mar 2025
- 2025HisTrackMap: Global Vectorized High-Definition Map Construction via History Map Tracking10 Mar 2025
- 2025LDMapNet-U: An End-to-End System for City-Scale Lane-Level Map Updating6 Jan 2025
- 2025MSC-Bench: Benchmarking and Analyzing Multi-Sensor Corruption for Driving Perception2 Jan 2025
- 2024MapExpert: Online HD Map Construction with Simple and Efficient Sparse Map Element Expert17 Dec 2024
- 2024T2SG: Traffic Topology Scene Graph for Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Driving28 Nov 2024
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Prior22 Nov 2024
- 2024Unveiling the Hidden: Online Vectorized HD Map Construction with Clip-Level Token Interaction and Propagation17 Nov 2024
- 2024Exploring Semi-Supervised Learning for Online Mapping14 Oct 2024
- 2024LMT-Net: Lane Model Transformer Network for Automated HD Mapping from Sparse Vehicle Observations19 Sep 2024
- 2024TopoMaskV2: Enhanced Instance-Mask-Based Formulation for the Road Topology Problem17 Sep 2024
- 2024PrevPredMap: Exploring Temporal Modeling with Previous Predictions for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction24 Jul 2024
- 2024Map It Anywhere (MIA): Empowering Bird's Eye View Mapping using Large-scale Public Data11 Jul 2024
- 2024DuMapNet: An End-to-End Vectorization System for City-Scale Lane-Level Map Generation20 Jun 2024
- 2024LGmap: Local-to-Global Mapping Network for Online Long-Range Vectorized HD Map Construction20 Jun 2024
- 2024MapTracker: Tracking with Strided Memory Fusion for Consistent Vector HD Mapping23 Mar 2024
- 2024Multimodal Pathway: Improve Transformers with Irrelevant Data from Other Modalities25 Jan 2024
- 2024Forging Vision Foundation Models for Autonomous Driving: Challenges, Methodologies, and Opportunities16 Jan 2024
- 2024Forging Vision Foundation Models for Autonomous Driving: Challenges, Methodologies, and Opportunitiescited by 24
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Constructioncited by 3
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenescited by 2
- 2026SatMap: Revisiting Satellite Maps as Prior for Online HD Map Construction15 Jan 2026
- 2025Geometry-Guided Representations for Coherent Lane and Traffic Topology Reasoning in Driving Scenes16 Jun 2025
- 2024Forging Vision Foundation Models for Autonomous Driving: Challenges, Methodologies, and Opportunities16 Jan 2024
- 2024MapTracker: Tracking with Strided Memory Fusion for Consistent Vector HD Mappingcited by 67
- 2024T2SG: Traffic Topology Scene Graph for Topology Reasoning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 35
- 2024MapExpert: Online HD Map Construction with Simple and Efficient Sparse Map Element Expertcited by 16
- 2025MSC-Bench: Benchmarking and Analyzing Multi-Sensor Corruption for Driving Perceptioncited by 15
- 2024PrevPredMap: Exploring Temporal Modeling with Previous Predictions for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 12
- 2024Unveiling the Hidden: Online Vectorized HD Map Construction with Clip-Level Token Interaction and Propagationcited by 12
- 2024TopoSD: Topology-Enhanced Lane Segment Perception with SDMap Priorcited by 12
- 2025What Really Matters for Robust Multi-Sensor HD Map Construction?cited by 9
- 2025LDMapNet-U: An End-to-End System for City-Scale Lane-Level Map Updatingcited by 8
- 2025HisTrackMap: Global Vectorized High-Definition Map Construction via History Map Trackingcited by 8
- 2025InteractionMap: Improving Online Vectorized HDMap Construction with Interactioncited by 8
- 2024Multimodal Pathway: Improve Transformers with Irrelevant Data from Other Modalitiescited by 7
12 most cited of 37 All 37 (JSON)
- 2026GaussianMap: Learning Gaussian Representation for Multi-Sensor Online HD Map Construction30 Jun 2026
- 2026AerialFusionMapNet: Online HD Map Construction with Aerial-Onboard BEV Fusion23 Jun 2026
- 2026OptiMVMap: Offline Vectorized Map Construction via Optimal Multi-vehicle Perspectives18 Apr 2026
- 2026PredMapNet: Future and Historical Reasoning for Consistent Online HD Vectorized Map Construction18 Feb 2026
- 2026FlexMap: Robust HD Map Construction under Flexible Camera Configurations29 Jan 2026
- 2025AMap: Distilling Future Priors for Ahead-Aware Online HD Map Construction22 Dec 2025
- 2025NavMapFusion: Diffusion-based Fusion of Navigation Maps for Online Vectorized HD Map Construction3 Dec 2025
- 2025MapRF: Weakly Supervised Online HD Map Construction via NeRF-Guided Self-Training24 Nov 2025
- 2025Stability Under Scrutiny: Benchmarking Representation Paradigms for Online HD Mapping12 Oct 2025
- 2025Learning Global Representation from Queries for Vectorized HD Map Construction8 Oct 2025
- 2025ArgoTweak: Towards Self-Updating HD Maps through Structured Priors10 Sep 2025
- 2025Mapping like a Skeptic: Probabilistic BEV Projection for Online HD Mapping29 Aug 2025
12 newest of 37 All 37 (JSON)