mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PortraitBooth: A Versatile Portrait Model for Fast Identity-preserved Personalization

arXiv 2312.06354 ↗First posted 11 Dec 2023cs.CVcited by 77

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in personalized image generation using diffusion models have been noteworthy. However, existing methods suffer from inefficiencies due to the requirement for subject-specific fine-tuning. This computationally intensive process hinders efficient deployment, limiting practical usability. Moreover, these methods often grapple with identity distortion and limited expression diversity. In light of these challenges, we propose PortraitBooth, an innovative approach designed for high efficiency, robust identity preservation, and expression-editable text-to-image generation, without the need for fine-tuning. PortraitBooth leverages subject embeddings from a face recognition model for personalized image generation without fine-tuning. It eliminates computational overhead and mitigates identity distortion. The introduced dynamic identity preservation strategy further ensures close resemblance to the original image identity. Moreover, PortraitBooth incorporates emotion-aware cross-attention control for diverse facial expressions in generated images, supporting text-driven expression editing. Its scalability enables efficient and high-quality image creation, including multi-subject generation. Extensive results demonstrate superior performance over other state-of-the-art methods in both single and multiple image generation scenarios.

Key facts. Cited by 77 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 48 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2023.

Builds on

48 of 53 references.

Closest ancestors · 17

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Subject-Diffusion:Open Domain Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-time Fine-tuning21 Jul
  2. 2023RAPHAEL: Text-to-Image Generation via Large Mixture of Diffusion Paths29 May
  3. 2023FastComposer: Tuning-Free Multi-Subject Image Generation with Localized Attention17 May
  4. 2023Continual Diffusion: Continual Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion with C-LoRA12 Apr
  5. 2023Encoder-based Domain Tuning for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Models23 Feb
  6. 2023MultiDiffusion: Fusing Diffusion Paths for Controlled Image Generation16 Feb
  7. 2023Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models31 Jan
  8. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
  9. 2022SpaText: Spatio-Textual Representation for Controllable Image Generation25 Nov
  10. 2022DiffEdit: Diffusion-based semantic image editing with mask guidance20 Oct
  11. 2022Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Models17 Oct
  12. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation25 Aug
5 more
  1. 2022Blended Latent Diffusion6 Jun
  2. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  3. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  4. 2021Blended Diffusion for Text-driven Editing of Natural Images29 Nov
  5. 2021DiffusionCLIP: Text-Guided Diffusion Models for Robust Image Manipulation6 Oct

Other references · 31

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  3. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  4. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  5. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  6. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
  7. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
  8. 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
  9. 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
  10. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,409
  11. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
  12. 2021SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 1,903
19 more
  1. 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translationcited by 897
  2. 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 895
  3. 2021ILVR: Conditioning Method for Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 634
  4. 2019MaskGAN: Towards Diverse and Interactive Facial Image Manipulationcited by 624
  5. 2021Diffusion Autoencoders: Toward a Meaningful and Decodable Representationcited by 447
  6. 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 414
  7. 2022SadTalker: Learning Realistic 3D Motion Coefficients for Stylized Audio-Driven Single Image Talking Face Animationcited by 380
  8. 2020CurricularFace: Adaptive Curriculum Learning Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 320
  9. 2023Recognize Anything: A Strong Image Tagging Modelcited by 305
  10. 2023Break-A-Scene: Extracting Multiple Concepts from a Single Imagecited by 230
  11. 2023HyperDreamBooth: HyperNetworks for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Modelscited by 224
  12. 2023CelebV-Text: A Large-Scale Facial Text-Video Datasetcited by 103
  13. 2023Expressive Text-to-Image Generation with Rich Textcited by 89
  14. 2023Face0: Instantaneously Conditioning a Text-to-Image Model on a Facecited by 77
  15. 2023DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editingcited by 74
  16. 2022Region-Aware Face Swappingcited by 45
  17. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
  18. 2023High-fidelity Generalized Emotional Talking Face Generation with Multi-modal Emotion Space Learningcited by 37
  19. 2022MyStyle: A Personalized Generative Priorcited by 26

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 35; 2025: 35; 2026: 7.

77 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2024PuLID: Pure and Lightning ID Customization via Contrastive Alignmentcited by 143
  2. 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Facescited by 101
  3. 2024MotionBooth: Motion-Aware Customized Text-to-Video Generationcited by 92
  4. 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 82
  5. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
  6. 2024Face Adapter for Pre-Trained Diffusion Models with Fine-Grained ID and Attribute Controlcited by 66
  7. 2024LCM-Lookahead for Encoder-based Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 48
  8. 2024DreamStory: Open-Domain Story Visualization by LLM-Guided Multi-Subject Consistent Diffusioncited by 46
  9. 2024UniPortrait: A Unified Framework for Identity-Preserving Single- and Multi-Human Image Personalizationcited by 46
  10. 2024ConsistentID: Portrait Generation with Multimodal Fine-Grained Identity Preservingcited by 42
  11. 2024Infinite-ID: Identity-preserved Personalization via ID-semantics Decoupling Paradigmcited by 38
  12. 2025MagicMirror: ID-Preserved Video Generation in Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 32
38 more
  1. 2024InstantFamily: Masked Attention for Zero-shot Multi-ID Image Generationcited by 30
  2. 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 29
  3. 2024PersonalVideo: High ID-Fidelity Video Customization without Dynamic and Semantic Degradationcited by 29
  4. 2025Nested Attention: Semantic-aware Attention Values for Concept Personalizationcited by 21
  5. 2024G2Face: High-Fidelity Reversible Face Anonymization via Generative and Geometric Priorscited by 20
  6. 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
  7. 2025MagicID: Hybrid Preference Optimization for ID-Consistent and Dynamic-Preserved Video Customizationcited by 17
  8. 2025Arc2Avatar: Generating Expressive 3D Avatars from a Single Image via ID Guidancecited by 16
  9. 2025AnyStory: Towards Unified Single and Multiple Subject Personalization in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 16
  10. 2025WithAnyone: Towards Controllable and ID Consistent Image Generationcited by 16
  11. 2025Adv-CPG: A Customized Portrait Generation Framework with Facial Adversarial Attackscited by 13
  12. 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusioncited by 12
  13. 2024RectifID: Personalizing Rectified Flow with Anchored Classifier Guidancecited by 11
  14. 2024ID-Patch: Robust ID Association for Group Photo Personalizationcited by 11
  15. 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
  16. 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
  17. 2024HiFiVFS: High Fidelity Video Face Swappingcited by 9
  18. 2025EditID: Training-Free Editable ID Customization for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
  19. 2025EditIDv2: Editable ID Customization with Data-Lubricated ID Feature Integration for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 8
  20. 2025Visual Persona: Foundation Model for Full-Body Human Customizationcited by 7
  21. 2024Combo: Co-speech holistic 3D human motion generation and efficient customizable adaptation in harmonycited by 6
  22. 2025ID-Booth: Identity-consistent Face Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 6
  23. 2024ID-to-3D: Expressive ID-guided 3D Heads via Score Distillation Samplingcited by 5
  24. 2024HybridBooth: Hybrid Prompt Inversion for Efficient Subject-Driven Generationcited by 5
  25. 2024Learning to Customize Text-to-Image Diffusion In Diverse Contextcited by 5
  26. 2024MagicNaming: Consistent Identity Generation by Finding a "Name Space" in T2I Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  27. 2024EmojiDiff: Advanced Facial Expression Control with High Identity Preservation in Portrait Generationcited by 4
  28. 2025FaceID-6M: A Large-Scale, Open-Source FaceID Customization Datasetcited by 4
  29. 2025Distribution-Conditional Generation: From Class Distribution to Creative Generationcited by 4
  30. 2024Improving Multi-Subject Consistency in Open-Domain Image Generation with Isolation and Reposition Attentioncited by 3
  31. 2024Dense-Face: Personalized Face Generation Model via Dense Annotation Predictioncited by 3
  32. 2025FaceCrafter: Identity-Conditional Diffusion with Disentangled Control over Facial Pose, Expression, and Emotioncited by 3
  33. 2025From Enhancement to Understanding: Build a Generalized Bridge for Low-light Vision via Semantically Consistent Unsupervised Fine-tuningcited by 3
  34. 2025AgeBooth: Controllable Facial Aging and Rejuvenation via Diffusion Modelscited by 3
  35. 2024MasterWeaver: Taming Editability and Face Identity for Personalized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 2
  36. 2024CustAny: Customizing Anything from A Single Examplecited by 2
  37. 2024MIMAFace: Face Animation via Motion-Identity Modulated Appearance Feature Learningcited by 2
  38. 2024Redefining <Creative> in Dictionary: Towards an Enhanced Semantic Understanding of Creative Generationcited by 2

50 most cited of 77 All 77 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Towards a Simultaneous and Granular Identity-Expression Control in Personalized Face Generation
  2. 2024InstantID: Zero-shot Identity-Preserving Generation in Seconds
  3. 2023When StyleGAN Meets Stable Diffusion: a mathscrW_+ Adapter for Personalized Image Generation
  4. 2023MagiCapture: High-Resolution Multi-Concept Portrait Customization
  5. 2026FaceSnap: Enhanced ID-fidelity Network for Tuning-free Portrait Customization
  6. 2024IDAdapter: Learning Mixed Features for Tuning-Free Personalization of Text-to-Image Models
  7. 2025IC-Portrait: In-Context Matching for View-Consistent Personalized Portrait
  8. 2026SwiftPie: Lightning-fast Subject-driven Image Personalization via One step Diffusion