mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Large Language Models in Education: Vision and Opportunities

arXiv 2311.13160 ↗First posted 22 Nov 2023cs.AIcited by 54

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Abstract (arXiv)

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, large language models (LLMs) have become a hot research topic. Education plays an important role in human social development and progress. Traditional education faces challenges such as individual student differences, insufficient allocation of teaching resources, and assessment of teaching effectiveness. Therefore, the applications of LLMs in the field of digital/smart education have broad prospects. The research on educational large models (EduLLMs) is constantly evolving, providing new methods and approaches to achieve personalized learning, intelligent tutoring, and educational assessment goals, thereby improving the quality of education and the learning experience. This article aims to investigate and summarize the application of LLMs in smart education. It first introduces the research background and motivation of LLMs and explains the essence of LLMs. It then discusses the relationship between digital education and EduLLMs and summarizes the current research status of educational large models. The main contributions are the systematic summary and vision of the research background, motivation, and application of large models for education (LLM4Edu). By reviewing existing research, this article provides guidance and insights for educators, researchers, and policy-makers to gain a deep understanding of the potential and challenges of LLM4Edu. It further provides guidance for further advancing the development and application of LLM4Edu, while still facing technical, ethical, and practical challenges requiring further research and exploration.

Key facts. Cited by 54 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2023.

Builds on

33 of 81 references.

References · 33

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21 more
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 21; 2025: 22; 2026: 8.

54 papers.

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  1. 2024Two Tales of Persona in LLMs: A Survey of Role-Playing and Personalizationcited by 208
  2. 2023Video Understanding with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 206
  3. 2024Optimization-based Prompt Injection Attack to LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 143
  4. 2023Large Language Models in Law: A Surveycited by 128
  5. 2024Instructional Segment Embedding: Improving LLM Safety with Instruction Hierarchycited by 67
  6. 2024Unifying AI Tutor Evaluation: An Evaluation Taxonomy for Pedagogical Ability Assessment of LLM-Powered AI Tutorscited by 61
  7. 2024Large Language Models for Medicine: A Surveycited by 38
  8. 2024Large Language Models for Education: A Surveycited by 34
  9. 2024LawGPT: A Chinese Legal Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Modelcited by 34
  10. 2025Layer-Aware Representation Filtering: Purifying Finetuning Data to Preserve LLM Safety Alignmentcited by 24
  11. 2024Watermarking Techniques for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 23
  12. 2024From Text to Transformation: A Comprehensive Review of Large Language Models' Versatilitycited by 19
38 more
  1. 2025EduBench: A Comprehensive Benchmarking Dataset for Evaluating Large Language Models in Diverse Educational Scenarioscited by 16
  2. 2025MTalk-Bench: Evaluating Speech-to-Speech Models in Multi-Turn Dialogues via Arena-style and Rubrics Protocolscited by 14
  3. 2023Adapting Large Language Models for Education: Foundational Capabilities, Potentials, and Challengescited by 13
  4. 2024Exposing the Achilles' Heel: Evaluating LLMs Ability to Handle Mistakes in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 13
  5. 2024FoodSky: A Food-oriented Large Language Model that Passes the Chef and Dietetic Examinationcited by 10
  6. 2025Evaluating the Sensitivity of LLMs to Prior Contextcited by 9
  7. 2024Does Reasoning Emerge? Examining the Probabilities of Causation in Large Language Modelscited by 8
  8. 2025LawGPT: Knowledge-Guided Data Generation and Its Application to Legal LLMcited by 8
  9. 2025Intent Matters: Enhancing AI Tutoring with Fine-Grained Pedagogical Intent Annotationcited by 8
  10. 2025Measuring Bias or Measuring the Task: Understanding the Brittle Nature of LLM Gender Biasescited by 8
  11. 2025A Survey of Inductive Reasoning for Large Language Modelscited by 8
  12. 2024StuGPTViz: A Visual Analytics Approach to Understand Student-ChatGPT Interactionscited by 7
  13. 2025OmniGeo: Towards a Multimodal Large Language Models for Geospatial Artificial Intelligencecited by 7
  14. 2024Is persona enough for personality? Using ChatGPT to reconstruct an agent's latent personality from simple descriptionscited by 5
  15. 2024Time Series Analysis for Education: Methods, Applications, and Future Directionscited by 5
  16. 2025D'ej`a Vu: Efficient Video-Language Query Engine with Learning-based Inter-Frame Computation Reusecited by 5
  17. 2024Can Deception Detection Go Deeper? Dataset, Evaluation, and Benchmark for Deception Reasoningcited by 4
  18. 2025Investigating Bias: A Multilingual Pipeline for Generating, Solving, and Evaluating Math Problems with LLMscited by 4
  19. 2025Towards Understanding, Analyzing, and Optimizing Agentic AI Execution: A CPU-Centric Perspectivecited by 4
  20. 2024FairyLandAI: Personalized Fairy Tales utilizing ChatGPT and DALLE-3cited by 3
  21. 2024Data-Centric AI in the Age of Large Language Modelscited by 2
  22. 2024Xinyu: An Efficient LLM-based System for Commentary Generationcited by 2
  23. 2025Shaping Explanations: Semantic Reward Modeling with Encoder-Only Transformers for GRPOcited by 2
  24. 2025Human or LLM as Standardized Patients? A Comparative Study for Medical Educationcited by 2
  25. 2025EduEval: A Hierarchical Cognitive Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Chinese Educationcited by 2
  26. 2026Classroom AI: Large Language Models as Grade-Specific Teacherscited by 2
  27. 2024Revolutionising Role-Playing Games with ChatGPTcited by 1
  28. 2025FEAT: A Preference Feedback Dataset through a Cost-Effective Auto-Generation and Labeling Framework for English AI Tutoringcited by 1
  29. 2025Advances in Large Language Models for Medicinecited by 1
  30. 2025EduMod-LLM: A Modular Approach for Designing Flexible and Transparent Educational Assistantscited by 1
  31. 2026Evaluating adaptive and generative AI-based feedback and recommendations in a knowledge-graph-integrated programming learning systemcited by 1
  32. 2026Toward a Benchmark for Controllable Simulation of Imperfect Students with Large Language Modelscited by 1
  33. 2026EduZone: A Framework for Evaluating LLM Safety for K-12 Students and Teacherscited by 1
  34. 2024ConvNLP: Image-based AI Text Detectioncited by 0
  35. 2025From Ambiguity to Accuracy: The Transformative Effect of Coreference Resolution on Retrieval-Augmented Generation systemscited by 0
  36. 2025Beyond Text: Probing K-12 Educators' Perspectives and Ideas for Learning Opportunities Leveraging Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 0
  37. 2025A Justice Lens on Fairness and Ethics Courses in Computing Education: LLM-Assisted Multi-Perspective and Thematic Evaluationcited by 0
  38. 2025Thinking Like a Student: AI-Supported Reflective Planning in a Theory-Intensive Computer Science Coursecited by 0

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