mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards Visual Foundational Models of Physical Scenes

arXiv 2306.03727 ↗First posted 6 Jun 2023cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 2

On the map: Diffusion models → 3D, point cloud and scene generation

Abstract (arXiv)

We describe a first step towards learning general-purpose visual representations of physical scenes using only image prediction as a training criterion. To do so, we first define "physical scene" and show that, even though different agents may maintain different representations of the same scene, the underlying physical scene that can be inferred is unique. Then, we show that NeRFs cannot represent the physical scene, as they lack extrapolation mechanisms. Those, however, could be provided by Diffusion Models, at least in theory. To test this hypothesis empirically, NeRFs can be combined with Diffusion Models, a process we refer to as NeRF Diffusion, used as unsupervised representations of the physical scene. Our analysis is limited to visual data, without external grounding mechanisms that can be provided by independent sensory modalities.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in 3D, point cloud and scene generation, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 36 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2023.

Builds on

36 of 59 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023HoloDiffusion: Training a 3D Diffusion Model using 2D Images29 Mar
  2. 2023DiffusioNeRF: Regularizing Neural Radiance Fields with Denoising Diffusion Models23 Feb
  3. 2022Score Jacobian Chaining: Lifting Pretrained 2D Diffusion Models for 3D Generation1 Dec
  4. 2022NeuralLift-360: Lifting An In-the-wild 2D Photo to A 3D Object with 360deg Views29 Nov
  5. 2022Magic3D: High-Resolution Text-to-3D Content Creation18 Nov
  6. 2022DreamFusion: Text-to-3D using 2D Diffusion29 Sep

Other references · 30

  1. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  2. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,177
  3. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  4. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
  5. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
  6. 2022Instant Neural Graphics Primitives with a Multiresolution Hash Encodingcited by 3,723
  7. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
  8. 2016Improved Techniques for Training GANscited by 2,970
  9. 2021Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2,032
  10. 2021Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1,964
  11. 2018Demystifying MMD GANscited by 1,293
  12. 2018ESRGAN: Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,254
18 more
  1. 2017Deep Image Priorcited by 1,098
  2. 2021Real-ESRGAN: Training Real-World Blind Super-Resolution with Pure Synthetic Datacited by 970
  3. 2019Local Light Field Fusion: Practical View Synthesis with Prescriptive Sampling Guidelinescited by 672
  4. 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 652
  5. 2023Nerfstudio: A Modular Framework for Neural Radiance Field Developmentcited by 600
  6. 2021Ref-NeRF: Structured View-Dependent Appearance for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 575
  7. 2019BlendedMVS: A Large-scale Dataset for Generalized Multi-view Stereo Networkscited by 490
  8. 2021NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Imagescited by 336
  9. 2023RealFusion: 360deg Reconstruction of Any Object from a Single Imagecited by 306
  10. 2021NeX: Real-time View Synthesis with Neural Basis Expansioncited by 216
  11. 2022SparseFusion: Distilling View-conditioned Diffusion for 3D Reconstructioncited by 216
  12. 2022Pretraining is All You Need for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 160
  13. 2021Light Field Neural Renderingcited by 108
  14. 2023Nerfbusters: Removing Ghostly Artifacts from Casually Captured NeRFscited by 76
  15. 2023Taming AI Bots: Controllability of Neural States in Large Language Modelscited by 22
  16. 2023MobileBrick: Building LEGO for 3D Reconstruction on Mobile Devicescited by 15
  17. 2022ScanNeRF: a Scalable Benchmark for Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 14
  18. 2022On the Learnability of Physical Concepts: Can a Neural Network Understand What's Real?cited by 5

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 1.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026The Invisible Hand of Physics: When Video Diffusion Models Know More Than They Show
  2. 2023Learning a Diffusion Prior for NeRFs
  3. 2023Single-Stage Diffusion NeRF: A Unified Approach to 3D Generation and Reconstruction
  4. 2024Diffusion Models in Low-Level Vision: A Survey
  5. 2025From Image to Video: An Empirical Study of Diffusion Representations
  6. 2024Scaling Properties of Diffusion Models for Perceptual Tasks
  7. 2026Learning a Maximum Entropy Model for Visual Textures using Diffusion
  8. 2023DORSal: Diffusion for Object-centric Representations of Scenes et al