PEARL: Zero-shot Cross-task Preference Alignment and Robust Reward Learning for Robotic Manipulation
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF
Abstract (arXiv)
In preference-based Reinforcement Learning (RL), obtaining a large number of preference labels are both time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, the queried human preferences cannot be utilized for the new tasks. In this paper, we propose Zero-shot Cross-task Preference Alignment and Robust Reward Learning (PEARL), which learns policies from cross-task preference transfer without any human labels of the target task. Our contributions include two novel components that facilitate the transfer and learning process. The first is Cross-task Preference Alignment (CPA), which transfers the preferences between tasks via optimal transport. The key idea of CPA is to use Gromov-Wasserstein distance to align the trajectories between tasks, and the solved optimal transport matrix serves as the correspondence between trajectories. The target task preferences are computed as the weighted sum of source task preference labels with the correspondence as weights. Moreover, to ensure robust learning from these transferred labels, we introduce Robust Reward Learning (RRL), which considers both reward mean and uncertainty by modeling rewards as Gaussian distributions. Empirical results on robotic manipulation tasks from Meta-World and Robomimic demonstrate that our method is capable of transferring preference labels across tasks accurately and then learns well-behaved policies. Notably, our approach significantly exceeds existing methods when there are few human preferences. The code and videos of our method are available at: https://sites.google.com/view/pearl-preference.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 29 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2023.
Builds on
29 of 45 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Inverse Preference Learning: Preference-based RL without a Reward Function24 May
- 2023Reinforcement Learning from Diverse Human Preferences27 Jan
- 2022Reward Uncertainty for Exploration in Preference-based Reinforcement Learning24 May
- 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback12 Apr
- 2022SURF: Semi-supervised Reward Learning with Data Augmentation for Feedback-efficient Preference-based Reinforcement Learning18 Mar
- 2021PEBBLE: Feedback-Efficient Interactive Reinforcement Learning via Relabeling Experience and Unsupervised Pre-training9 Jun
- 2018Reward learning from human preferences and demonstrations in Atari15 Nov
- 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences12 Jun
Other references · 21
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2013Playing Atari with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 3,274
- 2020D4RL: Datasets for Deep Data-Driven Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,427
- 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Implicit Q-Learningcited by 1,293
- 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,204
- 2019Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,103
- 2021What Matters in Learning from Offline Human Demonstrations for Robot Manipulationcited by 725
- 2016Tutorial on Variational Autoencoderscited by 409
- 2018DeepJDOT: Deep Joint Distribution Optimal Transport for Unsupervised Domain Adaptationcited by 214
- 2018Optimal Transport for structured data with application on graphscited by 172
- 2020Data Uncertainty Learning in Face Recognitioncited by 134
- 2019Gromov-Wasserstein Learning for Graph Matching and Node Embeddingcited by 126
9 more
- 2020Primal Wasserstein Imitation Learningcited by 121
- 2021B-Pref: Benchmarking Preference-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 106
- 2020Graph Optimal Transport for Cross-Domain Alignmentcited by 103
- 2022Few-Shot Preference Learning for Human-in-the-Loop RLcited by 87
- 2023Preference Transformer: Modeling Human Preferences using Transformers for RLcited by 79
- 2023Teach a Robot to FISH: Versatile Imitation from One Minute of Demonstrationscited by 75
- 2022Watch and Match: Supercharging Imitation with Regularized Optimal Transportcited by 67
- 2021Cross-Domain Imitation Learning via Optimal Transportcited by 49
- 2023Optimal Transport for Offline Imitation Learningcited by 42
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
9 papers.
- 2025GenPRM: Scaling Test-Time Compute of Process Reward Models via Generative Reasoningcited by 97
- 2024A Large Language Model-Driven Reward Design Framework via Dynamic Feedback for Reinforcement Learningcited by 30
- 2024RAT: Adversarial Attacks on Deep Reinforcement Agents for Targeted Behaviorscited by 16
- 2025VLP: Vision-Language Preference Learning for Embodied Manipulationcited by 8
- 2024Leveraging Sub-Optimal Data for Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
- 2026Progress Reward Modeling for Robotic Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 5
- 2025RobotSmith: Generative Robotic Tool Design for Acquisition of Complex Manipulation Skillscited by 4
- 2025Similarity as Reward Alignment: Robust and Versatile Preference-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2026Discovering Reinforcement Learning Interfaces with Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Progress Reward Modeling for Robotic Learning: A Comprehensive Survey22 Jul 2026
- 2026Discovering Reinforcement Learning Interfaces with Large Language Models5 May 2026
- 2025RobotSmith: Generative Robotic Tool Design for Acquisition of Complex Manipulation Skills17 Jun 2025
- 2025Similarity as Reward Alignment: Robust and Versatile Preference-based Reinforcement Learning14 Jun 2025
- 2025GenPRM: Scaling Test-Time Compute of Process Reward Models via Generative Reasoning1 Apr 2025
- 2025VLP: Vision-Language Preference Learning for Embodied Manipulation17 Feb 2025
- 2024RAT: Adversarial Attacks on Deep Reinforcement Agents for Targeted Behaviors14 Dec 2024
- 2024A Large Language Model-Driven Reward Design Framework via Dynamic Feedback for Reinforcement Learning18 Oct 2024
- 2024Leveraging Sub-Optimal Data for Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning30 Apr 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Freeform Preference Learning for Robotic Manipulation
- 2025Search-Based Credit Assignment for Offline Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning
- 2025Residual Reward Models: Leveraging Prior Knowledge for Efficient Preference-based Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
- 2025Robust Reward Alignment via Hypothesis Space Batch Cutting
- 2026SARM2: Multi-Task Stage Aware Reward Modeling for Self Improving Robotic Manipulation
- 2024Multi-Type Preference Learning: Empowering Preference-Based Reinforcement Learning with Equal Preferences
- 2026Preference-Calibrated Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation
- 2026Large Reward Models: Generalizable Online Robot Reward Generation with Vision-Language Models