mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Reinforcement Learning from Diverse Human Preferences

arXiv 2301.11774 ↗First posted 27 Jan 2023cs.LGcited by 24

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Reward modeling and RLHF

Abstract (arXiv)

The complexity of designing reward functions has been a major obstacle to the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (RL) techniques. Describing an agent's desired behaviors and properties can be difficult, even for experts. A new paradigm called reinforcement learning from human preferences (or preference-based RL) has emerged as a promising solution, in which reward functions are learned from human preference labels among behavior trajectories. However, existing methods for preference-based RL are limited by the need for accurate oracle preference labels. This paper addresses this limitation by developing a method for crowd-sourcing preference labels and learning from diverse human preferences. The key idea is to stabilize reward learning through regularization and correction in a latent space. To ensure temporal consistency, a strong constraint is imposed on the reward model that forces its latent space to be close to the prior distribution. Additionally, a confidence-based reward model ensembling method is designed to generate more stable and reliable predictions. The proposed method is tested on a variety of tasks in DMcontrol and Meta-world and has shown consistent and significant improvements over existing preference-based RL algorithms when learning from diverse feedback, paving the way for real-world applications of RL methods.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reward modeling and RLHF, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 16 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2023.

Builds on

16 of 32 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Reward Uncertainty for Exploration in Preference-based Reinforcement Learning24 May
  2. 2022SURF: Semi-supervised Reward Learning with Data Augmentation for Feedback-efficient Preference-based Reinforcement Learning18 Mar
  3. 2021PEBBLE: Feedback-Efficient Interactive Reinforcement Learning via Relabeling Experience and Unsupervised Pre-training9 Jun
  4. 2018Scalable agent alignment via reward modeling: a research direction19 Nov
  5. 2018Reward learning from human preferences and demonstrations in Atari15 Nov
  6. 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferences12 Jun

Other references · 10

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
  3. 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,168
  4. 2018DeepMind Control Suitecited by 935
  5. 2020dm_control: Software and Tasks for Continuous Controlcited by 368
  6. 2017DeepStack: Expert-Level Artificial Intelligence in No-Limit Pokercited by 228
  7. 2021B-Pref: Benchmarking Preference-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 106
  8. 2018Batch Active Preference-Based Learning of Reward Functionscited by 87
  9. 2022Few-Shot Preference Learning for Human-in-the-Loop RLcited by 85
  10. 2022PrefRec: Recommender Systems with Human Preferences for Reinforcing Long-term User Engagementcited by 21

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 10; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.

24 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023Preference Ranking Optimization for Human Alignmentcited by 283
  2. 2024RIME: Robust Preference-based Reinforcement Learning with Noisy Preferencescited by 37
  3. 2024Uni-RLHF: Universal Platform and Benchmark Suite for Reinforcement Learning with Diverse Human Feedbackcited by 20
  4. 2024Corruption Robust Offline Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedbackcited by 20
  5. 2024Strengthened Symbol Binding Makes Large Language Models Reliable Multiple-Choice Selectorscited by 13
  6. 2024LIRE: listwise reward enhancement for preference alignmentcited by 11
  7. 2024A SMART Mnemonic Sounds like "Glue Tonic": Mixing LLMs with Student Feedback to Make Mnemonic Learning Stickcited by 10
  8. 2023PEARL: Zero-shot Cross-task Preference Alignment and Robust Reward Learning for Robotic Manipulationcited by 9
  9. 2025Reward Learning from Multiple Feedback Typescited by 9
  10. 2023The Empty Signifier Problem: Towards Clearer Paradigms for Operationalising "Alignment" in Large Language Modelscited by 7
  11. 2025TREND: Tri-teaching for Robust Preference-based Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrationscited by 7
  12. 2024Leveraging Sub-Optimal Data for Human-in-the-Loop Reinforcement Learningcited by 6
12 more
  1. 2025Extracting and Understanding the Superficial Knowledge in Alignmentcited by 5
  2. 2024Hindsight Preference Learning for Offline Preference-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  3. 2025CLARIFY: Contrastive Preference Reinforcement Learning for Untangling Ambiguous Queriescited by 3
  4. 2023Human-AI Collaboration in Real-World Complex Environment with Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  5. 2024FlipGuard: Defending Preference Alignment against Update Regression with Constrained Optimizationcited by 2
  6. 2025Robust Reward Alignment via Hypothesis Space Batch Cuttingcited by 2
  7. 2025Reward Generation via Large Vision-Language Model in Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  8. 2026Evaluating Feature Dependent Noise in Preference-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  9. 2026RoDiF: Robust Direct Fine-Tuning of Diffusion Policies with Corrupted Human Feedbackcited by 1
  10. 2024Adaptive Querying for Reward Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 0
  11. 2026CuMA: Aligning LLMs with Sparse Cultural Values via Demographic-Aware Mixture of Adapterscited by 0
  12. 2026Optimising Factual Consistency in Summarisation via Preference Learning from Multiple Imperfect Metricscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Contrastive Preference Learning: Learning from Human Feedback without RL
  2. 2024Personalizing Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with Variational Preference Learning
  3. 2024MaxMin-RLHF: Alignment with Diverse Human Preferences
  4. 2024Towards Comprehensive Preference Data Collection for Reward Modeling
  5. 2025Policy-labeled Preference Learning: Is Preference Enough for RLHF?
  6. 2024RLHF from Heterogeneous Feedback via Personalization and Preference Aggregation
  7. 2024Crowd-PrefRL: Preference-Based Reward Learning from Crowds
  8. 2023Is RLHF More Difficult than Standard RL?