mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

DeepSTEP -- Deep Learning-Based Spatio-Temporal End-To-End Perception for Autonomous Vehicles

arXiv 2305.06820 ↗First posted 11 May 2023cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → End-to-end system architecture

Abstract (arXiv)

Autonomous vehicles demand high accuracy and robustness of perception algorithms. To develop efficient and scalable perception algorithms, the maximum information should be extracted from the available sensor data. In this work, we present our concept for an end-to-end perception architecture, named DeepSTEP. The deep learning-based architecture processes raw sensor data from the camera, LiDAR, and RaDAR, and combines the extracted data in a deep fusion network. The output of this deep fusion network is a shared feature space, which is used by perception head networks to fulfill several perception tasks, such as object detection or local mapping. DeepSTEP incorporates multiple ideas to advance state of the art: First, combining detection and localization into a single pipeline allows for efficient processing to reduce computational overhead and further improves overall performance. Second, the architecture leverages the temporal domain by using a self-attention mechanism that focuses on the most important features. We believe that our concept of DeepSTEP will advance the development of end-to-end perception systems. The network will be deployed on our research vehicle, which will be used as a platform for data collection, real-world testing, and validation. In conclusion, DeepSTEP represents a significant advancement in the field of perception for autonomous vehicles. The architecture's end-to-end design, time-aware attention mechanism, and integration of multiple perception tasks make it a promising solution for real-world deployment. This research is a work in progress and presents the first concept of establishing a novel perception pipeline.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in End-to-end system architecture, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 38 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 May 2023.

Builds on

38 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022ST-P3: End-to-end Vision-based Autonomous Driving via Spatial-Temporal Feature Learning15 Jul

Other references · 37

  1. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
  2. 2019Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Datasetcited by 2,451
  3. 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,715
  4. 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,218
  5. 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 941
  6. 2019PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 891
  7. 2021Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Freecited by 735
  8. 2022Block-NeRF: Scalable Large Scene Neural View Synthesiscited by 724
  9. 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
  10. 2018Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 457
  11. 2021In-Place Scene Labelling and Understanding with Implicit Scene Representationcited by 415
  12. 2020Neural Scene Graphs for Dynamic Scenescited by 298
25 more
  1. 2021HDMapNet: An Online HD Map Construction and Evaluation Frameworkcited by 281
  2. 2019M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detectioncited by 252
  3. 2021Voxel Transformer for 3D Object Detectioncited by 247
  4. 2021BungeeNeRF: Progressive Neural Radiance Field for Extreme Multi-scale Scene Renderingcited by 229
  5. 2020Multi-Task Multi-Sensor Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 203
  6. 2022NeRF-SLAM: Real-Time Dense Monocular SLAM with Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 188
  7. 2020Predicting Semantic Map Representations from Images using Pyramid Occupancy Networkscited by 175
  8. 2022M2BEV: Multi-Camera Joint 3D Detection and Segmentation with Unified Birds-Eye View Representationcited by 156
  9. 20203D Dynamic Scene Graphs: Actionable Spatial Perception with Places, Objects, and Humanscited by 144
  10. 2020PnPNet: End-to-End Perception and Prediction with Tracking in the Loopcited by 144
  11. 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
  12. 20213D-MAN: 3D Multi-frame Attention Network for Object Detectioncited by 73
  13. 2020A Deep Learning-based Radar and Camera Sensor Fusion Architecture for Object Detectioncited by 70
  14. 2022Loc-NeRF: Monte Carlo Localization using Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 69
  15. 2020Semantic MapNet: Building Allocentric Semantic Maps and Representations from Egocentric Viewscited by 58
  16. 2020Temporal-Channel Transformer for 3D Lidar-Based Video Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 55
  17. 2020An LSTM Approach to Temporal 3D Object Detection in LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 45
  18. 2019Mono3D++: Monocular 3D Vehicle Detection with Two-Scale 3D Hypotheses and Task Priorscited by 37
  19. 2021RoadMap: A Light-Weight Semantic Map for Visual Localization towards Autonomous Drivingcited by 34
  20. 2022HybridNets: End-to-End Perception Networkcited by 30
  21. 2022GitNet: Geometric Prior-based Transformation for Birds-Eye-View Segmentationcited by 24
  22. 2021Deep Multi-Task Learning for Joint Localization, Perception, and Predictioncited by 22
  23. 2022CLONeR: Camera-Lidar Fusion for Occupancy Grid-aided Neural Representationscited by 13
  24. 2019RST-MODNet: Real-time Spatio-temporal Moving Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 11
  25. 2023Quantifying the LiDAR Sim-to-Real Domain Shift: A Detailed Investigation Using Object Detectors and Analyzing Point Clouds at Target-Levelcited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving using Deep Learning: A Systematic Review
  2. 2023DeepIPCv2: LiDAR-powered Robust Environmental Perception and Navigational Control for Autonomous Vehicle
  3. 2021LiDAR Cluster First and Camera Inference Later: A New Perspective Towards Autonomous Driving
  4. 2022DeepIPC: Deeply Integrated Perception and Control for an Autonomous Vehicle in Real Environments
  5. 2025Goal-Based Vision-Language Driving
  6. 2021OPV2V: An Open Benchmark Dataset and Fusion Pipeline for Perception with Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication
  7. 2023Deep Learning for Visual Localization and Mapping: A Survey
  8. 2024A Survey of Deep Learning Based Radar and Vision Fusion for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Driving