mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LPFF: A Portrait Dataset for Face Generators Across Large Poses

arXiv 2303.14407 ↗First posted 25 Mar 2023cs.CVcited by 22

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

The creation of 2D realistic facial images and 3D face shapes using generative networks has been a hot topic in recent years. Existing face generators exhibit exceptional performance on faces in small to medium poses (with respect to frontal faces) but struggle to produce realistic results for large poses. The distorted rendering results on large poses in 3D-aware generators further show that the generated 3D face shapes are far from the distribution of 3D faces in reality. We find that the above issues are caused by the training dataset's pose imbalance. In this paper, we present LPFF, a large-pose Flickr face dataset comprised of 19,590 high-quality real large-pose portrait images. We utilize our dataset to train a 2D face generator that can process large-pose face images, as well as a 3D-aware generator that can generate realistic human face geometry. To better validate our pose-conditional 3D-aware generators, we develop a new FID measure to evaluate the 3D-level performance. Through this novel FID measure and other experiments, we show that LPFF can help 2D face generators extend their latent space and better manipulate the large-pose data, and help 3D-aware face generators achieve better view consistency and more realistic 3D reconstruction results.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Mar 2023.

Builds on

42 of 57 references.

References · 42

  1. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  2. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
  3. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  4. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  5. 2017Improved Training of Wasserstein GANscited by 2,223
  6. 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,048
  7. 2021Efficient Geometry-aware 3D Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,204
  8. 2020Training Generative Adversarial Networks with Limited Datacited by 1,184
  9. 2021Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,181
  10. 2021StyleCLIP: Text-Driven Manipulation of StyleGAN Imagerycited by 990
  11. 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 895
  12. 2020pi-GAN: Periodic Implicit Generative Adversarial Networks for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 708
30 more
  1. 2019Interpreting the Latent Space of GANs for Semantic Face Editingcited by 691
  2. 2020GRAF: Generative Radiance Fields for 3D-Aware Image Synthesiscited by 688
  3. 2017How far are we from solving the 2D & 3D Face Alignment problem? (and a dataset of 230,000 3D facial landmarks)cited by 524
  4. 2019Accurate 3D Face Reconstruction with Weakly-Supervised Learning: From Single Image to Image Setcited by 481
  5. 2021StyleNeRF: A Style-based 3D-Aware Generator for High-resolution Image Synthesiscited by 477
  6. 2020StyleFlow: Attribute-conditioned Exploration of StyleGAN-Generated Images using Conditional Continuous Normalizing Flowscited by 348
  7. 2021StyleSDF: High-Resolution 3D-Consistent Image and Geometry Generationcited by 289
  8. 2021GRAM: Generative Radiance Manifolds for 3D-Aware Image Generationcited by 216
  9. 2020FaceScape: a Large-scale High Quality 3D Face Dataset and Detailed Riggable 3D Face Predictioncited by 196
  10. 2018Escaping Plato's Cave: 3D Shape From Adversarial Renderingcited by 170
  11. 2020BlockGAN: Learning 3D Object-aware Scene Representations from Unlabelled Imagescited by 166
  12. 2021CIPS-3D: A 3D-Aware Generator of GANs Based on Conditionally-Independent Pixel Synthesiscited by 149
  13. 2022VoxGRAF: Fast 3D-Aware Image Synthesis with Sparse Voxel Gridscited by 133
  14. 2018Visual Object Networks: Image Generation with Disentangled 3D Representationcited by 124
  15. 2021FENeRF: Face Editing in Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 112
  16. 2022EpiGRAF: Rethinking training of 3D GANscited by 108
  17. 2022Multiface: A Dataset for Neural Face Renderingcited by 87
  18. 2022GIRAFFE HD: A High-Resolution 3D-aware Generative Modelcited by 86
  19. 2022High-fidelity 3D GAN Inversion by Pseudo-multi-view Optimizationcited by 65
  20. 20223D GAN Inversion for Controllable Portrait Image Animationcited by 53
  21. 20223D GAN Inversion with Pose Optimizationcited by 44
  22. 20223D GAN Inversion with Facial Symmetry Priorcited by 39
  23. 20233DAvatarGAN: Bridging Domains for Personalized Editable Avatarscited by 38
  24. 2022VoLux-GAN: A Generative Model for 3D Face Synthesis with HDRI Relightingcited by 37
  25. 2022NeRFFaceEditing: Disentangled Face Editing in Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 33
  26. 2023Learning 3D-aware Image Synthesis with Unknown Pose Distributioncited by 14
  27. 2021DeepFaceEditing: Deep Face Generation and Editing with Disentangled Geometry and Appearance Controlcited by 8
  28. 2022Dr.3D: Adapting 3D GANs to Artistic Drawingscited by 8
  29. 2019M2FPA: A Multi-Yaw Multi-Pitch High-Quality Database and Benchmark for Facial Pose Analysiscited by 7
  30. 2023BallGAN: 3D-aware Image Synthesis with a Spherical Backgroundcited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 4; 2024: 7; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.

22 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024SphereHead: Stable 3D Full-head Synthesis with Spherical Tri-plane Representationcited by 30
  2. 2024FaceLift: Learning Generalizable Single Image 3D Face Reconstruction from Synthetic Headscited by 22
  3. 2024Gaussian Splatting Decoder for 3D-aware Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 14
  4. 20233DPortraitGAN: Learning One-Quarter Headshot 3D GANs from a Single-View Portrait Dataset with Diverse Body Posescited by 8
  5. 2025FreeUV: Ground-Truth-Free Realistic Facial UV Texture Recovery via Cross-Assembly Inference Strategycited by 7
  6. 2025PanoLAM: Large Avatar Model for Gaussian Full-Head Synthesis from One-shot Unposed Imagecited by 7
  7. 2023EFHQ: Multi-purpose ExtremePose-Face-HQ datasetcited by 6
  8. 2025HyPlaneHead: Rethinking Tri-plane-like Representations in Full-Head Image Synthesiscited by 6
  9. 2024Synthetic to Authentic: Transferring Realism to 3D Face Renderings for Boosting Face Recognitioncited by 5
  10. 2024Dual Encoder GAN Inversion for High-Fidelity 3D Head Reconstruction from Single Imagescited by 5
  11. 2025DiffusionReward: Enhancing Blind Face Restoration through Reward Feedback Learningcited by 5
  12. 2023Head3D: Complete 3D Head Generation via Tri-plane Feature Distillationcited by 3
10 more
  1. 2023Multi-view Inversion for 3D-aware Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2
  2. 2024FaceLift: Semi-supervised 3D Facial Landmark Localizationcited by 2
  3. 2025Text-based Animatable 3D Avatars with Morphable Model Alignmentcited by 2
  4. 2026Condition Matters in Full-head 3D GANscited by 2
  5. 2024Democratizing the Creation of Animatable Facial Avatarscited by 1
  6. 2026AlphaFace: High Fidelity and Real-time Face Swapper Robust to Facial Posecited by 1
  7. 2025CylinderPlane: Nested Cylinder Representation for 3D-aware Image Generationcited by 0
  8. 2025Densemarks: Learning Canonical Embeddings for Human Heads Images via Point Trackscited by 0
  9. 2025WarpGAN: Warping-Guided 3D GAN Inversion with Style-Based Novel View Inpaintingcited by 0
  10. 2026OMGTex: One-stage Multi-style Facial Texture Reconstruction without Geometry Guidancecited by 0