mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

UniK-QA: Unified Representations of Structured and Unstructured Knowledge for Open-Domain Question Answering

arXiv 2012.14610 ↗First posted 29 Dec 2020cs.CLcited by 61

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Abstract (arXiv)

We study open-domain question answering with structured, unstructured and semi-structured knowledge sources, including text, tables, lists and knowledge bases. Departing from prior work, we propose a unifying approach that homogenizes all sources by reducing them to text and applies the retriever-reader model which has so far been limited to text sources only. Our approach greatly improves the results on knowledge-base QA tasks by 11 points, compared to latest graph-based methods. More importantly, we demonstrate that our unified knowledge (UniK-QA) model is a simple and yet effective way to combine heterogeneous sources of knowledge, advancing the state-of-the-art results on two popular question answering benchmarks, NaturalQuestions and WebQuestions, by 3.5 and 2.6 points, respectively. The code of UniK-QA is available at: https://github.com/facebookresearch/UniK-QA.

Key facts. Cited by 61 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Dec 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 22; 2023: 21; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

61 papers.

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  1. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Surveycited by 352
  2. 2023StructGPT: A General Framework for Large Language Model to Reason over Structured Datacited by 339
  3. 2021TAPEX: Table Pre-training via Learning a Neural SQL Executorcited by 233
  4. 2022UnifiedSKG: Unifying and Multi-Tasking Structured Knowledge Grounding with Text-to-Text Language Modelscited by 231
  5. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Graphs (GraphRAG)cited by 170
  6. 2023Knowledge-Augmented Language Model Prompting for Zero-Shot Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 119
  7. 2023Knowledge-Driven CoT: Exploring Faithful Reasoning in LLMs for Knowledge-intensive Question Answeringcited by 97
  8. 2022DecAF: Joint Decoding of Answers and Logical Forms for Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 83
  9. 2022A Survey of Knowledge Enhanced Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 76
  10. 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 71
  11. 2021Complex Temporal Question Answering on Knowledge Graphscited by 69
  12. 2022TIARA: Multi-grained Retrieval for Robust Question Answering over Large Knowledge Basescited by 59
38 more
  1. 2023FactKB: Generalizable Factuality Evaluation using Language Models Enhanced with Factual Knowledgecited by 55
  2. 2023ChatKBQA: A Generate-then-Retrieve Framework for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Fine-tuned Large Language Modelscited by 44
  3. 2022A Survey on Table Question Answering: Recent Advancescited by 41
  4. 2023Graph Reasoning for Question Answering with Triplet Retrievalcited by 34
  5. 2021Open Domain Question Answering with A Unified Knowledge Interfacecited by 32
  6. 2022OmniTab: Pretraining with Natural and Synthetic Data for Few-shot Table-based Question Answeringcited by 29
  7. 2022Enhancing Multi-modal and Multi-hop Question Answering via Structured Knowledge and Unified Retrieval-Generationcited by 28
  8. 2022SKILL: Structured Knowledge Infusion for Large Language Modelscited by 27
  9. 2024Understand What LLM Needs: Dual Preference Alignment for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 27
  10. 2022Conversational Question Answering on Heterogeneous Sourcescited by 26
  11. 2022Grape: Knowledge Graph Enhanced Passage Reader for Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 22
  12. 2021UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Textcited by 17
  13. 2022Mixed-modality Representation Learning and Pre-training for Joint Table-and-Text Retrieval in OpenQAcited by 17
  14. 2023Bridging the KB-Text Gap: Leveraging Structured Knowledge-aware Pre-training for KBQAcited by 17
  15. 2022Uni-Parser: Unified Semantic Parser for Question Answering on Knowledge Base and Databasecited by 16
  16. 2023keqing: knowledge-based question answering is a nature chain-of-thought mentor of LLMcited by 16
  17. 2022Open-domain Question Answering via Chain of Reasoning over Heterogeneous Knowledgecited by 14
  18. 2023SUQL: Conversational Search over Structured and Unstructured Data with Large Language Modelscited by 13
  19. 2024Faithful Temporal Question Answering over Heterogeneous Sourcescited by 13
  20. 2024CypherBench: Towards Precise Retrieval over Full-scale Modern Knowledge Graphs in the LLM Eracited by 13
  21. 2022End-to-End Table Question Answering via Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 12
  22. 2021Beyond NED: Fast and Effective Search Space Reduction for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Basescited by 11
  23. 2022Table Retrieval May Not Necessitate Table-specific Model Designcited by 11
  24. 2023Reasoning over Hierarchical Question Decomposition Tree for Explainable Question Answeringcited by 11
  25. 2022KALM: Knowledge-Aware Integration of Local, Document, and Global Contexts for Long Document Understandingcited by 9
  26. 2022TABi: Type-Aware Bi-Encoders for Open-Domain Entity Retrievalcited by 8
  27. 2024Evidence Contextualization and Counterfactual Attribution for Conversational QA over Heterogeneous Data with RAG Systemscited by 8
  28. 2022A Unified Encoder-Decoder Framework with Entity Memorycited by 7
  29. 2023Pay More Attention to Relation Exploration for Knowledge Base Question Answeringcited by 7
  30. 2023Completeness, Recall, and Negation in Open-World Knowledge Bases: A Surveycited by 7
  31. 2023GETT-QA: Graph Embedding based T2T Transformer for Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 6
  32. 2025Beyond Chunks and Graphs: Retrieval-Augmented Generation through Triplet-Driven Thinkingcited by 6
  33. 2022Reduce Catastrophic Forgetting of Dense Retrieval Training with Teleportation Negativescited by 5
  34. 2022Realistic Data Augmentation Framework for Enhancing Tabular Reasoningcited by 4
  35. 2025HGMEM: Hypergraph-based Working Memory to Improve Multi-step RAG for Long-Context Complex Relational Modelingcited by 4
  36. 2023When to Read Documents or QA History: On Unified and Selective Open-domain QAcited by 3
  37. 2023InfoSync: Information Synchronization across Multilingual Semi-structured Tablescited by 3
  38. 2023Reimagining Retrieval Augmented Language Models for Answering Queriescited by 2

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