Towards Sequence-Level Training for Visual Tracking
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Abstract (arXiv)
Despite the extensive adoption of machine learning on the task of visual object tracking, recent learning-based approaches have largely overlooked the fact that visual tracking is a sequence-level task in its nature; they rely heavily on frame-level training, which inevitably induces inconsistency between training and testing in terms of both data distributions and task objectives. This work introduces a sequence-level training strategy for visual tracking based on reinforcement learning and discusses how a sequence-level design of data sampling, learning objectives, and data augmentation can improve the accuracy and robustness of tracking algorithms. Our experiments on standard benchmarks including LaSOT, TrackingNet, and GOT-10k demonstrate that four representative tracking models, SiamRPN++, SiamAttn, TransT, and TrDiMP, consistently improve by incorporating the proposed methods in training without modifying architectures.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Aug 2022.
Builds on
35 of 50 references.
References · 35
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
- 2015Fast R-CNNcited by 2,930
- 2017Deformable Convolutional Networkscited by 1,481
- 2016Fully-Convolutional Siamese Networks for Object Trackingcited by 566
- 2016Self-critical Sequence Training for Image Captioningcited by 544
- 2018GOT-10k: A Large High-Diversity Benchmark for Generic Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 471
- 2018SiamRPN++: Evolution of Siamese Visual Tracking with Very Deep Networkscited by 445
- 2018LaSOT: A High-quality Benchmark for Large-scale Single Object Trackingcited by 424
- 2021Transformer Trackingcited by 412
- 2021Learning Spatio-Temporal Transformer for Visual Trackingcited by 348
- 2019Learning Discriminative Model Prediction for Trackingcited by 344
23 more
- 2018TrackingNet: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Object Tracking in the Wildcited by 342
- 2018ATOM: Accurate Tracking by Overlap Maximizationcited by 285
- 2020Probabilistic Regression for Visual Trackingcited by 231
- 2018YouTube-VOS: Sequence-to-Sequence Video Object Segmentationcited by 228
- 2021Transformer Meets Tracker: Exploiting Temporal Context for Robust Visual Trackingcited by 220
- 2020Ocean: Object-aware Anchor-free Trackingcited by 212
- 2015Learning Multi-Domain Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Trackingcited by 209
- 2020Siamese Box Adaptive Network for Visual Trackingcited by 189
- 2018Distractor-aware Siamese Networks for Visual Object Trackingcited by 187
- 2019SiamFC++: Towards Robust and Accurate Visual Tracking with Target Estimation Guidelinescited by 177
- 2017Need for Speed: A Benchmark for Higher Frame Rate Object Trackingcited by 137
- 2021Towards More Flexible and Accurate Object Tracking with Natural Language: Algorithms and Benchmarkcited by 124
- 2017YouTube-BoundingBoxes: A Large High-Precision Human-Annotated Data Set for Object Detection in Videocited by 109
- 2020Deformable Siamese Attention Networks for Visual Object Trackingcited by 97
- 2020Alpha-Refine: Boosting Tracking Performance by Precise Bounding Box Estimationcited by 81
- 2018Joint Monocular 3D Vehicle Detection and Trackingcited by 77
- 2019Learning the Model Update for Siamese Trackerscited by 75
- 2020Tracking by Instance Detection: A Meta-Learning Approachcited by 61
- 2019Deep Learning for Visual Tracking: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 60
- 2021Visual Object Tracking with Discriminative Filters and Siamese Networks: A Survey and Outlookcited by 45
- 2018Real-Time MDNetcited by 39
- 2017Learning Policies for Adaptive Tracking with Deep Feature Cascadescited by 19
- 2017Tracking as Online Decision-Making: Learning a Policy from Streaming Videos with Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
13 papers.
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- 2023Unified Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Single- and Multi-Modal Visual Object Trackingcited by 20
- 2024Reading Relevant Feature from Global Representation Memory for Visual Object Trackingcited by 12
- 2023Towards Discriminative Representations with Contrastive Instances for Real-Time UAV Trackingcited by 9
- 2024RGB-Sonar Tracking Benchmark and Spatial Cross-Attention Transformer Trackercited by 6
- 2023Learning Disentangled Representation with Mutual Information Maximization for Real-Time UAV Trackingcited by 5
- 2024NT-VOT211: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Night-time Visual Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2025Efficient Motion Prompt Learning for Robust Visual Trackingcited by 3
- 2025ATSTrack: Enhancing Visual-Language Tracking by Aligning Temporal and Spatial Scalescited by 2
- 2026FARTrack: Fast Autoregressive Visual Tracking with High Performancecited by 2
- 2026RELO: Reinforcement Learning to Localize for Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025LightFC-X: Lightweight Convolutional Tracker for RGB-X Trackingcited by 1
- 2025MVTD: A Benchmark Dataset for Maritime Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
1 more
- 2024Depth Attention for Robust RGB Trackingcited by 0
- 2026RELO: Reinforcement Learning to Localize for Visual Object Tracking8 May 2026
- 2026FARTrack: Fast Autoregressive Visual Tracking with High Performance3 Feb 2026
- 2025ATSTrack: Enhancing Visual-Language Tracking by Aligning Temporal and Spatial Scales1 Jul 2025
- 2025MVTD: A Benchmark Dataset for Maritime Visual Object Tracking3 Jun 2025
- 2025Efficient Motion Prompt Learning for Robust Visual Tracking22 May 2025
- 2025LightFC-X: Lightweight Convolutional Tracker for RGB-X Tracking25 Feb 2025
- 2024NT-VOT211: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Night-time Visual Object Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024Depth Attention for Robust RGB Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024RGB-Sonar Tracking Benchmark and Spatial Cross-Attention Transformer Tracker11 Jun 2024
- 2024Reading Relevant Feature from Global Representation Memory for Visual Object Tracking22 Feb 2024
- 2023Towards Discriminative Representations with Contrastive Instances for Real-Time UAV Tracking22 Aug 2023
- 2023Learning Disentangled Representation with Mutual Information Maximization for Real-Time UAV Tracking20 Aug 2023
- 2023Unified Sequence-to-Sequence Learning for Single- and Multi-Modal Visual Object Trackingcited by 20
- 2024Reading Relevant Feature from Global Representation Memory for Visual Object Trackingcited by 12
- 2023Towards Discriminative Representations with Contrastive Instances for Real-Time UAV Trackingcited by 9
- 2024RGB-Sonar Tracking Benchmark and Spatial Cross-Attention Transformer Trackercited by 6
- 2023Learning Disentangled Representation with Mutual Information Maximization for Real-Time UAV Trackingcited by 5
- 2024NT-VOT211: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Night-time Visual Object Trackingcited by 3
- 2025Efficient Motion Prompt Learning for Robust Visual Trackingcited by 3
- 2025ATSTrack: Enhancing Visual-Language Tracking by Aligning Temporal and Spatial Scalescited by 2
- 2026FARTrack: Fast Autoregressive Visual Tracking with High Performancecited by 2
- 2026RELO: Reinforcement Learning to Localize for Visual Object Trackingcited by 2
- 2025LightFC-X: Lightweight Convolutional Tracker for RGB-X Trackingcited by 1
- 2025MVTD: A Benchmark Dataset for Maritime Visual Object Trackingcited by 1
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026RELO: Reinforcement Learning to Localize for Visual Object Tracking8 May 2026
- 2026FARTrack: Fast Autoregressive Visual Tracking with High Performance3 Feb 2026
- 2025ATSTrack: Enhancing Visual-Language Tracking by Aligning Temporal and Spatial Scales1 Jul 2025
- 2025MVTD: A Benchmark Dataset for Maritime Visual Object Tracking3 Jun 2025
- 2025Efficient Motion Prompt Learning for Robust Visual Tracking22 May 2025
- 2025LightFC-X: Lightweight Convolutional Tracker for RGB-X Tracking25 Feb 2025
- 2024NT-VOT211: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Night-time Visual Object Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024Depth Attention for Robust RGB Tracking27 Oct 2024
- 2024RGB-Sonar Tracking Benchmark and Spatial Cross-Attention Transformer Tracker11 Jun 2024
- 2024Reading Relevant Feature from Global Representation Memory for Visual Object Tracking22 Feb 2024
- 2023Towards Discriminative Representations with Contrastive Instances for Real-Time UAV Tracking22 Aug 2023
- 2023Learning Disentangled Representation with Mutual Information Maximization for Real-Time UAV Tracking20 Aug 2023
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)