mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

IFRNet: Intermediate Feature Refine Network for Efficient Frame Interpolation

arXiv 2205.14620 ↗First posted 29 May 2022cs.CVcited by 109

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Cited by 23 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

Prevailing video frame interpolation algorithms, that generate the intermediate frames from consecutive inputs, typically rely on complex model architectures with heavy parameters or large delay, hindering them from diverse real-time applications. In this work, we devise an efficient encoder-decoder based network, termed IFRNet, for fast intermediate frame synthesizing. It first extracts pyramid features from given inputs, and then refines the bilateral intermediate flow fields together with a powerful intermediate feature until generating the desired output. The gradually refined intermediate feature can not only facilitate intermediate flow estimation, but also compensate for contextual details, making IFRNet do not need additional synthesis or refinement module. To fully release its potential, we further propose a novel task-oriented optical flow distillation loss to focus on learning the useful teacher knowledge towards frame synthesizing. Meanwhile, a new geometry consistency regularization term is imposed on the gradually refined intermediate features to keep better structure layout. Experiments on various benchmarks demonstrate the excellent performance and fast inference speed of proposed approaches. Code is available at https://github.com/ltkong218/IFRNet.

Key facts. Cited by 109 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2022.

Builds on

38 of 58 references.

References · 38

  1. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
  2. 2015Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classificationcited by 3,611
  3. 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,415
  4. 2017Deformable Convolutional Networkscited by 1,488
  5. 2014Two-Stream Convolutional Networks for Action Recognition in Videoscited by 1,068
  6. 2015FlowNet: Learning Optical Flow with Convolutional Networkscited by 1,059
  7. 2017PWC-Net: CNNs for Optical Flow Using Pyramid, Warping, and Cost Volumecited by 968
  8. 2016Deep Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network for Dynamic Scene Deblurringcited by 727
  9. 2017Video Enhancement with Task-Oriented Flowcited by 619
  10. 2016Optical Flow Estimation using a Spatial Pyramid Networkcited by 424
  11. 2017Super SloMo: High Quality Estimation of Multiple Intermediate Frames for Video Interpolationcited by 326
  12. 2020BasicVSR: The Search for Essential Components in Video Super-Resolution and Beyondcited by 304
26 more
  1. 2020Softmax Splatting for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 279
  2. 2019Depth-Aware Video Frame Interpolationcited by 234
  3. 2017Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Separable Convolutioncited by 213
  4. 2017Video Frame Synthesis using Deep Voxel Flowcited by 209
  5. 2017UnFlow: Unsupervised Learning of Optical Flow with a Bidirectional Census Losscited by 202
  6. 2016View Synthesis by Appearance Flowcited by 172
  7. 2017Video Frame Interpolation via Adaptive Convolutioncited by 158
  8. 2018Context-aware Synthesis for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 153
  9. 2019Quadratic video interpolationcited by 145
  10. 2019AdaCoF: Adaptive Collaboration of Flows for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 134
  11. 2019SelFlow: Self-Supervised Learning of Optical Flowcited by 128
  12. 2021XVFI: eXtreme Video Frame Interpolationcited by 126
  13. 2020BMBC:Bilateral Motion Estimation with Bilateral Cost Volume for Video Interpolationcited by 118
  14. 2018MEMC-Net: Motion Estimation and Motion Compensation Driven Neural Network for Video Interpolation and Enhancementcited by 112
  15. 2021Asymmetric Bilateral Motion Estimation for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 101
  16. 2020FLAVR: Flow-Agnostic Video Representations for Fast Frame Interpolationcited by 98
  17. 2021Deep Animation Video Interpolation in the Wildcited by 65
  18. 2019DDFlow: Learning Optical Flow with Unlabeled Data Distillationcited by 63
  19. 2020Multiple Video Frame Interpolation via Enhanced Deformable Separable Convolutioncited by 63
  20. 2017Residual Conv-Deconv Grid Network for Semantic Segmentationcited by 58
  21. 2021CDFI: Compression-Driven Network Design for Frame Interpolationcited by 56
  22. 2020All at Once: Temporally Adaptive Multi-Frame Interpolation with Advanced Motion Modelingcited by 42
  23. 2019FISR: Deep Joint Frame Interpolation and Super-Resolution with a Multi-scale Temporal Losscited by 28
  24. 2021FastFlowNet: A Lightweight Network for Fast Optical Flow Estimationcited by 28
  25. 2019Learning End-To-End Scene Flow by Distilling Single Tasks Knowledgecited by 16
  26. 2018Zoom-In-to-Check: Boosting Video Interpolation via Instance-level Discriminationcited by 15

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 11; 2023: 25; 2024: 37; 2025: 18; 2026: 18.

109 papers.

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  1. 2023AMT: All-Pairs Multi-Field Transforms for Efficient Frame Interpolationcited by 180
  2. 2023Extracting Motion and Appearance via Inter-Frame Attention for Efficient Video Frame Interpolationcited by 98
  3. 2023LDMVFI: Video Frame Interpolation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 89
  4. 2023VideoGen: A Reference-Guided Latent Diffusion Approach for High Definition Text-to-Video Generationcited by 74
  5. 2024Video Interpolation with Diffusion Modelscited by 68
  6. 2023A Dynamic Multi-Scale Voxel Flow Network for Video Predictioncited by 53
  7. 2022A Unified Pyramid Recurrent Network for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 39
  8. 2022FloLPIPS: A Bespoke Video Quality Metric for Frame Interpoationcited by 37
  9. 2023TransFlow: Transformer as Flow Learnercited by 32
  10. 2024TANGO: Co-Speech Gesture Video Reenactment with Hierarchical Audio Motion Embedding and Diffusion Interpolationcited by 32
  11. 2024NTIRE 2024 Challenge on Short-form UGC Video Quality Assessment: Methods and Resultscited by 29
  12. 2024Sparse Global Matching for Video Frame Interpolation with Large Motioncited by 28
38 more
  1. 2023A Unified Framework for Event-based Frame Interpolation with Ad-hoc Deblurring in the Wildcited by 27
  2. 2023Mask Propagation for Efficient Video Semantic Segmentationcited by 26
  3. 2025Event-Based Video Frame Interpolation With Cross-Modal Asymmetric Bidirectional Motion Fieldscited by 25
  4. 2024Framer: Interactive Frame Interpolationcited by 24
  5. 2024Generative Inbetweening through Frame-wise Conditions-Driven Video Generationcited by 24
  6. 2024Perception-Oriented Video Frame Interpolation via Asymmetric Blendingcited by 23
  7. 2024Repurposing Pre-trained Video Diffusion Models for Event-based Video Interpolationcited by 23
  8. 2024VFIMamba: Video Frame Interpolation with State Space Modelscited by 22
  9. 2024ViBiDSampler: Enhancing Video Interpolation Using Bidirectional Diffusion Samplercited by 21
  10. 2024Frame Interpolation with Consecutive Brownian Bridge Diffusioncited by 19
  11. 2025EDEN: Enhanced Diffusion for High-quality Large-motion Video Frame Interpolationcited by 19
  12. 2024Generalizable Implicit Motion Modeling for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 16
  13. 2024DreamMover: Leveraging the Prior of Diffusion Models for Image Interpolation with Large Motioncited by 16
  14. 2024Motion-aware Latent Diffusion Models for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 14
  15. 2024BiM-VFI: Bidirectional Motion Field-Guided Frame Interpolation for Video with Non-uniform Motionscited by 13
  16. 2025Motion-Aware Generative Frame Interpolationcited by 13
  17. 2023IBVC: Interpolation-driven B-frame Video Compressioncited by 12
  18. 2024SfM-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting via Hierarchical Trainingcited by 12
  19. 2023SportsSloMo: A New Benchmark and Baselines for Human-centric Video Frame Interpolationcited by 11
  20. 2024OCAI: Improving Optical Flow Estimation by Occlusion and Consistency Aware Interpolationcited by 11
  21. 2024Disentangled Motion Modeling for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 11
  22. 2022MDFlow: Unsupervised Optical Flow Learning by Reliable Mutual Knowledge Distillationcited by 10
  23. 2024Mono-ViFI: A Unified Learning Framework for Self-supervised Single- and Multi-frame Monocular Depth Estimationcited by 9
  24. 2025AceVFI: A Comprehensive Survey of Advances in Video Frame Interpolationcited by 9
  25. 2023ST-MFNet Mini: Knowledge Distillation-Driven Frame Interpolationcited by 8
  26. 2023Video Frame Interpolation with Densely Queried Bilateral Correlationcited by 8
  27. 2023Scale-Adaptive Feature Aggregation for Efficient Space-Time Video Super-Resolutioncited by 8
  28. 2022JNMR: Joint Non-linear Motion Regression for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
  29. 2022BVI-VFI: A Video Quality Database for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
  30. 2025Hierarchical Flow Diffusion for Efficient Frame Interpolationcited by 7
  31. 2025TLB-VFI: Temporal-Aware Latent Brownian Bridge Diffusion for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
  32. 2025Versatile Transition Generation with Image-to-Video Diffusioncited by 7
  33. 2022ATCA: an Arc Trajectory Based Model with Curvature Attention for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 6
  34. 2022Sparsity-guided Network Design for Frame Interpolationcited by 6
  35. 2025FB-Diff: Fourier Basis-guided Diffusion for Temporal Interpolation of 4D Medical Imagingcited by 6
  36. 2026Motion Prior Distillation in Time Reversal Sampling for Generative Inbetweeningcited by 6
  37. 2024I3Net: Inter-Intra-slice Interpolation Network for Medical Slice Synthesiscited by 5
  38. 2024ZeroSmooth: Training-free Diffuser Adaptation for High Frame Rate Video Generationcited by 5

50 most cited of 109 All 109 (JSON)

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026FC-VFI: Faithful and Consistent Video Frame Interpolation for High-FPS Slow Motion Video Generation
  2. 2022GlobalFlowNet: Video Stabilization using Deep Distilled Global Motion Estimates
  3. 2025A Study of Finetuning Video Transformers for Multi-view Geometry Tasks
  4. 2026Can Video Diffusion Models Predict Past Frames? Bidirectional Cycle Consistency for Reversible Interpolation
  5. 2026FIS-DiT: Breaking the Few-Step Video Inference Barrier via Training-Free Frame Interleaved Sparsity
  6. 2023FlowVid: Taming Imperfect Optical Flows for Consistent Video-to-Video Synthesis
  7. 2024Generative Inbetweening: Adapting Image-to-Video Models for Keyframe Interpolation
  8. 2025EF-VI: Enhancing End-Frame Injection for Video Inbetweening