FloLPIPS: A Bespoke Video Quality Metric for Frame Interpoation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Video frame interpolation (VFI) serves as a useful tool for many video processing applications. Recently, it has also been applied in the video compression domain for enhancing both conventional video codecs and learning-based compression architectures. While there has been an increased focus on the development of enhanced frame interpolation algorithms in recent years, the perceptual quality assessment of interpolated content remains an open field of research. In this paper, we present a bespoke full reference video quality metric for VFI, FloLPIPS, that builds on the popular perceptual image quality metric, LPIPS, which captures the perceptual degradation in extracted image feature space. In order to enhance the performance of LPIPS for evaluating interpolated content, we re-designed its spatial feature aggregation step by using the temporal distortion (through comparing optical flows) to weight the feature difference maps. Evaluated on the BVI-VFI database, which contains 180 test sequences with various frame interpolation artefacts, FloLPIPS shows superior correlation performance (with statistical significance) with subjective ground truth over 12 popular quality assessors. To facilitate further research in VFI quality assessment, our code is publicly available at https://danier97.github.io/FloLPIPS.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jul 2022.
Builds on
23 of 37 references.
References · 23
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- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
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- 2020Softmax Splatting for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 276
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11 more
- 2020FLAVR: Flow-Agnostic Video Representations for Fast Frame Interpolationcited by 97
- 2021Image Quality Assessment using Contrastive Learningcited by 95
- 2016Fast Optical Flow using Dense Inverse Searchcited by 70
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 11; 2026: 13.
34 papers.
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- 2023LDMVFI: Video Frame Interpolation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 88
- 2026WoVR: World Models as Reliable Simulators for Post-Training VLA Policies with RLcited by 46
- 2024Perception-Oriented Video Frame Interpolation via Asymmetric Blendingcited by 23
- 2024Frame Interpolation with Consecutive Brownian Bridge Diffusioncited by 19
- 2025EDEN: Enhanced Diffusion for High-quality Large-motion Video Frame Interpolationcited by 19
- 2024Video Quality Assessment: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 15
- 2022TTVFI: Learning Trajectory-Aware Transformer for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 14
- 2024Motion-aware Latent Diffusion Models for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 14
- 2025BF-STVSR: B-Splines and Fourier-Best Friends for High Fidelity Spatial-Temporal Video Super-Resolutioncited by 9
- 2025AceVFI: A Comprehensive Survey of Advances in Video Frame Interpolationcited by 8
- 2025Single-step Diffusion-based Video Coding with Semantic-Temporal Guidancecited by 8
- 2022BVI-VFI: A Video Quality Database for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
22 more
- 2025TLB-VFI: Temporal-Aware Latent Brownian Bridge Diffusion for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
- 2026Towards Holistic Modeling for Video Frame Interpolation with Auto-regressive Diffusion Transformerscited by 4
- 2023BVI-Artefact: An Artefact Detection Benchmark Dataset for Streamed Videoscited by 3
- 2024Benchmarking Video Frame Interpolationcited by 3
- 2026Sword: Style-Robust World Models as Simulators via Dynamic Latent Bootstrapping for VLA Policy Post-Trainingcited by 3
- 2023Learnt Deep Hyperparameter selection in Adversarial Training for compressed video enhancement with perceptual criticcited by 2
- 2025Time-adaptive Video Frame Interpolation based on Residual Diffusioncited by 2
- 2025Low-Bitrate Video Compression through Semantic-Conditioned Diffusioncited by 2
- 2025An Efficient Quality Metric for Video Frame Interpolation Based on Motion-Field Divergencecited by 1
- 2025Time-Correlated Video Bridge Matchingcited by 1
- 2026Taming Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolution with One-Step Diffusioncited by 1
- 2026DiffVC-RT: Towards Practical Real-Time Diffusion-based Perceptual Neural Video Compressioncited by 1
- 2026Edit2Interp: Adapting Image Foundation Models from Spatial Editing to Video Frame Interpolation with Few-Shot Learningcited by 1
- 2026Generative Video Compression with One-Dimensional Latent Representationcited by 1
- 2026Seeing Fast and Slow: Learning the Flow of Time in Videoscited by 1
- 2026SPEED: One-Step Pixel Diffusion for High-quality Video Frame Interpolationcited by 1
- 2026Generative Video Compression with Adaptive Score Distillationcited by 1
- 2025Efficient motion-based metrics for video frame interpolationcited by 0
- 2025SG-RIFE: Semantic-Guided Real-Time Intermediate Flow Estimation with Diffusion-Competitive Perceptual Qualitycited by 0
- 2026DiffST: Spatiotemporal-Aware Diffusion for Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolutioncited by 0
- 2026Generative Video Compression Based on Hierarchical Referencingcited by 0
- 2026DiffVC-ONE: Diffusion-based Generative Video Compression with One-Step Video Diffusion Transformercited by 0
- 2026DiffVC-ONE: Diffusion-based Generative Video Compression with One-Step Video Diffusion Transformer20 Aug 2026
- 2026Generative Video Compression Based on Hierarchical Referencing12 Aug 2026
- 2026Generative Video Compression with Adaptive Score Distillation24 Jul 2026
- 2026SPEED: One-Step Pixel Diffusion for High-quality Video Frame Interpolation17 Jul 2026
- 2026DiffST: Spatiotemporal-Aware Diffusion for Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolution13 May 2026
- 2026Sword: Style-Robust World Models as Simulators via Dynamic Latent Bootstrapping for VLA Policy Post-Training8 May 2026
- 2026Seeing Fast and Slow: Learning the Flow of Time in Videos23 Apr 2026
- 2026Generative Video Compression with One-Dimensional Latent Representation16 Mar 2026
- 2026Edit2Interp: Adapting Image Foundation Models from Spatial Editing to Video Frame Interpolation with Few-Shot Learning16 Mar 2026
- 2026WoVR: World Models as Reliable Simulators for Post-Training VLA Policies with RL15 Feb 2026
- 2026DiffVC-RT: Towards Practical Real-Time Diffusion-based Perceptual Neural Video Compression28 Jan 2026
- 2026Taming Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolution with One-Step Diffusion28 Jan 2026
22 more
- 2026Towards Holistic Modeling for Video Frame Interpolation with Auto-regressive Diffusion Transformers21 Jan 2026
- 2025SG-RIFE: Semantic-Guided Real-Time Intermediate Flow Estimation with Diffusion-Competitive Perceptual Quality20 Dec 2025
- 2025Single-step Diffusion-based Video Coding with Semantic-Temporal Guidance8 Dec 2025
- 2025Low-Bitrate Video Compression through Semantic-Conditioned Diffusion29 Nov 2025
- 2025Time-Correlated Video Bridge Matching14 Oct 2025
- 2025An Efficient Quality Metric for Video Frame Interpolation Based on Motion-Field Divergence1 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient motion-based metrics for video frame interpolation12 Aug 2025
- 2025TLB-VFI: Temporal-Aware Latent Brownian Bridge Diffusion for Video Frame Interpolation7 Jul 2025
- 2025AceVFI: A Comprehensive Survey of Advances in Video Frame Interpolation1 Jun 2025
- 2025Time-adaptive Video Frame Interpolation based on Residual Diffusion7 Apr 2025
- 2025EDEN: Enhanced Diffusion for High-quality Large-motion Video Frame Interpolation20 Mar 2025
- 2025BF-STVSR: B-Splines and Fourier-Best Friends for High Fidelity Spatial-Temporal Video Super-Resolution19 Jan 2025
- 2024Video Quality Assessment: A Comprehensive Survey4 Dec 2024
- 2024Frame Interpolation with Consecutive Brownian Bridge Diffusion9 May 2024
- 2024Motion-aware Latent Diffusion Models for Video Frame Interpolation21 Apr 2024
- 2024Perception-Oriented Video Frame Interpolation via Asymmetric Blending10 Apr 2024
- 2024Benchmarking Video Frame Interpolation25 Mar 2024
- 2023BVI-Artefact: An Artefact Detection Benchmark Dataset for Streamed Videos14 Dec 2023
- 2023LDMVFI: Video Frame Interpolation with Latent Diffusion Models16 Mar 2023
- 2023Learnt Deep Hyperparameter selection in Adversarial Training for compressed video enhancement with perceptual critic28 Feb 2023
- 2022BVI-VFI: A Video Quality Database for Video Frame Interpolation3 Oct 2022
- 2022TTVFI: Learning Trajectory-Aware Transformer for Video Frame Interpolation19 Jul 2022
- 2023LDMVFI: Video Frame Interpolation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 88
- 2025EDEN: Enhanced Diffusion for High-quality Large-motion Video Frame Interpolationcited by 19
- 2024Motion-aware Latent Diffusion Models for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 14
- 2025Single-step Diffusion-based Video Coding with Semantic-Temporal Guidancecited by 8
- 2025TLB-VFI: Temporal-Aware Latent Brownian Bridge Diffusion for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
- 2026Towards Holistic Modeling for Video Frame Interpolation with Auto-regressive Diffusion Transformerscited by 4
- 2025Time-Correlated Video Bridge Matchingcited by 1
- 2026Taming Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolution with One-Step Diffusioncited by 1
- 2026DiffVC-RT: Towards Practical Real-Time Diffusion-based Perceptual Neural Video Compressioncited by 1
- 2026SPEED: One-Step Pixel Diffusion for High-quality Video Frame Interpolationcited by 1
- 2026Generative Video Compression with Adaptive Score Distillationcited by 1
- 2026DiffST: Spatiotemporal-Aware Diffusion for Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolutioncited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026DiffVC-ONE: Diffusion-based Generative Video Compression with One-Step Video Diffusion Transformer20 Aug 2026
- 2026Generative Video Compression Based on Hierarchical Referencing12 Aug 2026
- 2026Generative Video Compression with Adaptive Score Distillation24 Jul 2026
- 2026SPEED: One-Step Pixel Diffusion for High-quality Video Frame Interpolation17 Jul 2026
- 2026DiffST: Spatiotemporal-Aware Diffusion for Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolution13 May 2026
- 2026DiffVC-RT: Towards Practical Real-Time Diffusion-based Perceptual Neural Video Compression28 Jan 2026
- 2026Taming Real-World Space-Time Video Super-Resolution with One-Step Diffusion28 Jan 2026
- 2026Towards Holistic Modeling for Video Frame Interpolation with Auto-regressive Diffusion Transformers21 Jan 2026
- 2025Single-step Diffusion-based Video Coding with Semantic-Temporal Guidance8 Dec 2025
- 2025Time-Correlated Video Bridge Matching14 Oct 2025
- 2025TLB-VFI: Temporal-Aware Latent Brownian Bridge Diffusion for Video Frame Interpolation7 Jul 2025
- 2025EDEN: Enhanced Diffusion for High-quality Large-motion Video Frame Interpolation20 Mar 2025
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2024Perception-Oriented Video Frame Interpolation via Asymmetric Blendingcited by 23
- 2024Frame Interpolation with Consecutive Brownian Bridge Diffusioncited by 19
- 2024Video Quality Assessment: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 15
- 2022TTVFI: Learning Trajectory-Aware Transformer for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 14
- 2025BF-STVSR: B-Splines and Fourier-Best Friends for High Fidelity Spatial-Temporal Video Super-Resolutioncited by 9
- 2025AceVFI: A Comprehensive Survey of Advances in Video Frame Interpolationcited by 8
- 2022BVI-VFI: A Video Quality Database for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
- 2023BVI-Artefact: An Artefact Detection Benchmark Dataset for Streamed Videoscited by 3
- 2024Benchmarking Video Frame Interpolationcited by 3
- 2023Learnt Deep Hyperparameter selection in Adversarial Training for compressed video enhancement with perceptual criticcited by 2
- 2025Time-adaptive Video Frame Interpolation based on Residual Diffusioncited by 2
- 2025Low-Bitrate Video Compression through Semantic-Conditioned Diffusioncited by 2
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2026Seeing Fast and Slow: Learning the Flow of Time in Videos23 Apr 2026
- 2026Generative Video Compression with One-Dimensional Latent Representation16 Mar 2026
- 2025SG-RIFE: Semantic-Guided Real-Time Intermediate Flow Estimation with Diffusion-Competitive Perceptual Quality20 Dec 2025
- 2025Low-Bitrate Video Compression through Semantic-Conditioned Diffusion29 Nov 2025
- 2025An Efficient Quality Metric for Video Frame Interpolation Based on Motion-Field Divergence1 Oct 2025
- 2025Efficient motion-based metrics for video frame interpolation12 Aug 2025
- 2025AceVFI: A Comprehensive Survey of Advances in Video Frame Interpolation1 Jun 2025
- 2025Time-adaptive Video Frame Interpolation based on Residual Diffusion7 Apr 2025
- 2025BF-STVSR: B-Splines and Fourier-Best Friends for High Fidelity Spatial-Temporal Video Super-Resolution19 Jan 2025
- 2024Video Quality Assessment: A Comprehensive Survey4 Dec 2024
- 2024Frame Interpolation with Consecutive Brownian Bridge Diffusion9 May 2024
- 2024Perception-Oriented Video Frame Interpolation via Asymmetric Blending10 Apr 2024
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)