mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BBDM: Image-to-image Translation with Brownian Bridge Diffusion Models

arXiv 2205.07680 ↗First posted 16 May 2022cs.CV eess.IVcited by 222

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Image-to-image translation is an important and challenging problem in computer vision and image processing. Diffusion models (DM) have shown great potentials for high-quality image synthesis, and have gained competitive performance on the task of image-to-image translation. However, most of the existing diffusion models treat image-to-image translation as conditional generation processes, and suffer heavily from the gap between distinct domains. In this paper, a novel image-to-image translation method based on the Brownian Bridge Diffusion Model (BBDM) is proposed, which models image-to-image translation as a stochastic Brownian bridge process, and learns the translation between two domains directly through the bidirectional diffusion process rather than a conditional generation process. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work that proposes Brownian Bridge diffusion process for image-to-image translation. Experimental results on various benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed BBDM model achieves competitive performance through both visual inspection and measurable metrics.

Key facts. Cited by 222 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 39 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 May 2022.

Builds on

39 of 47 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2021Palette: Image-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Nov

Other references · 38

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  3. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  4. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  5. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  6. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  7. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  8. 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
  9. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  10. 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,646
  11. 2017Improved Training of Wasserstein GANscited by 2,223
  12. 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,048
26 more
  1. 2016Density estimation using Real NVPcited by 2,029
  2. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  3. 2018Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutionscited by 1,539
  4. 2021Image Super-Resolution via Iterative Refinementcited by 1,506
  5. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,295
  6. 2017High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANscited by 1,176
  7. 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
  8. 2016Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoderscited by 859
  9. 2018Image Transformercited by 770
  10. 2017Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networkscited by 707
  11. 2021ILVR: Conditioning Method for Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 634
  12. 2019MaskGAN: Towards Diverse and Interactive Facial Image Manipulationcited by 624
  13. 2017DualGAN: Unsupervised Dual Learning for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 310
  14. 2019DRIT++: Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Disentangled Representationscited by 244
  15. 2019Few-Shot Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 222
  16. 2016Unrolled Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 208
  17. 2021Conditional Image Generation with Score-Based Diffusion Modelscited by 195
  18. 2017Deep Photo Style Transfercited by 168
  19. 2016Dual Learning for Machine Translationcited by 146
  20. 2019Classification Accuracy Score for Conditional Generative Modelscited by 134
  21. 2020You Only Need Adversarial Supervision for Semantic Image Synthesiscited by 129
  22. 2016Unsupervised Cross-Domain Image Generationcited by 125
  23. 2019Learning to Predict Layout-to-image Conditional Convolutions for Semantic Image Synthesiscited by 108
  24. 2016Fast Patch-based Style Transfer of Arbitrary Stylecited by 92
  25. 2019Local Class-Specific and Global Image-Level Generative Adversarial Networks for Semantic-Guided Scene Generationcited by 75
  26. 2020Dual Attention GANs for Semantic Image Synthesiscited by 41

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 14; 2024: 62; 2025: 76; 2026: 70.

222 papers.

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  1. 2023Denoising Diffusion Bridge Modelscited by 171
  2. 2025HealthGPT: A Medical Large Vision-Language Model for Unifying Comprehension and Generation via Heterogeneous Knowledge Adaptationcited by 112
  3. 2024Diffusion Bridge Implicit Modelscited by 47
  4. 2023Image Restoration Through Generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Bridgecited by 41
  5. 2024Posterior-Mean Rectified Flow: Towards Minimum MSE Photo-Realistic Image Restorationcited by 32
  6. 2025Region-Adaptive Sampling for Diffusion Transformerscited by 31
  7. 2023UniGS: Unified Representation for Image Generation and Segmentationcited by 29
  8. 2024Diffusion Models Meet Remote Sensing: Principles, Methods, and Perspectivescited by 27
  9. 2025Prior Does Matter: Visual Navigation via Denoising Diffusion Bridge Modelscited by 24
  10. 2024CrossViewDiff: A Cross-View Diffusion Model for Satellite-to-Street View Synthesiscited by 23
  11. 2024AsyncDiff: Parallelizing Diffusion Models by Asynchronous Denoisingcited by 22
  12. 2023iEdit: Localised Text-guided Image Editing with Weak Supervisioncited by 20
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  1. 2024SemFlow: Binding Semantic Segmentation and Image Synthesis via Rectified Flowcited by 20
  2. 2024Frame Interpolation with Consecutive Brownian Bridge Diffusioncited by 19
  3. 2024ImageFlowNet: Forecasting Multiscale Image-Level Trajectories of Disease Progression with Irregularly-Sampled Longitudinal Medical Imagescited by 19
  4. 2024StegoGAN: Leveraging Steganography for Non-Bijective Image-to-Image Translationcited by 18
  5. 2024Deciphering Oracle Bone Language with Diffusion Modelscited by 18
  6. 2025h-Edit: Effective and Flexible Diffusion-Based Editing via Doob's h-Transformcited by 18
  7. 2024PID: Physics-Informed Diffusion Model for Infrared Image Generationcited by 17
  8. 2023Efficient Quantization Strategies for Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 16
  9. 2024Learning 3D Gaussians for Extremely Sparse-View Cone-Beam CT Reconstructioncited by 16
  10. 2024Slice-Consistent 3D Volumetric Brain CT-to-MRI Translation with 2D Brownian Bridge Diffusion Modelcited by 16
  11. 2024C^2RV: Cross-Regional and Cross-View Learning for Sparse-View CBCT Reconstructioncited by 15
  12. 2025Residual Diffusion Bridge Model for Image Restorationcited by 14
  13. 2024DiffuMatting: Synthesizing Arbitrary Objects with Matting-level Annotationcited by 13
  14. 2025Inverse Bridge Matching Distillationcited by 13
  15. 2025Audio Super-Resolution with Latent Bridge Modelscited by 13
  16. 2025ThermalGen: Style-Disentangled Flow-Based Generative Models for RGB-to-Thermal Image Translationcited by 13
  17. 2024Taming Diffusion Models for Image Restoration: A Reviewcited by 12
  18. 2024StainDiffuser: MultiTask Dual Diffusion Model for Virtual Stainingcited by 11
  19. 2024Generalized Consistency Trajectory Models for Image Manipulationcited by 11
  20. 2024Leveraging BEV Paradigm for Ground-to-Aerial Image Synthesiscited by 11
  21. 2025IRBridge: Solving Image Restoration Bridge with Pre-trained Generative Diffusion Modelscited by 11
  22. 2023A Two-stage Personalized Virtual Try-on Framework with Shape Control and Texture Guidancecited by 10
  23. 2024PASTA: Pathology-Aware MRI to PET Cross-Modal Translation with Diffusion Modelscited by 10
  24. 2024Conditional Brownian Bridge Diffusion Model for VHR SAR to Optical Image Translationcited by 10
  25. 2023Deterministic Guidance Diffusion Model for Probabilistic Weather Forecastingcited by 9
  26. 2024Generative AI Enables Medical Image Segmentation in Ultra Low-Data Regimescited by 8
  27. 2024EBDM: Exemplar-guided Image Translation with Brownian-bridge Diffusion Modelscited by 8
  28. 2024Unified Cross-Modal Medical Image Synthesis with Hierarchical Mixture of Product-of-Expertscited by 8
  29. 2024Pixel super-resolved virtual staining of label-free tissue using diffusion modelscited by 8
  30. 2024C-DiffSET: Leveraging Latent Diffusion for SAR-to-EO Image Translation with Confidence-Guided Reliable Object Generationcited by 8
  31. 2025Bidirectional Diffusion Bridge Modelscited by 8
  32. 2025Regression is all you need for medical image translationcited by 8
  33. 2025Symmetrical Flow Matching: Unified Image Generation, Segmentation, and Classification with Score-Based Generative Modelscited by 8
  34. 2025TLB-VFI: Temporal-Aware Latent Brownian Bridge Diffusion for Video Frame Interpolationcited by 7
  35. 2025LADB: Latent Aligned Diffusion Bridges for Semi-Supervised Domain Translationcited by 7
  36. 2023SAMScore: A Content Structural Similarity Metric for Image Translation Evaluationcited by 6
  37. 2024Generating Seamless Virtual Immunohistochemical Whole Slide Images with Content and Color Consistencycited by 6
  38. 2024Data-driven Precipitation Nowcasting Using Satellite Imagerycited by 6

50 most cited of 222 All 222 (JSON)

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  3. 2023Optimal Transport-Guided Conditional Score-Based Diffusion Models
  4. 2022Dual Diffusion Implicit Bridges for Image-to-Image Translation
  5. 2023Improving Diffusion-based Image Translation using Asymmetric Gradient Guidance
  6. 2023SDDM: Score-Decomposed Diffusion Models on Manifolds for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation
  7. 2021UNIT-DDPM: UNpaired Image Translation with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
  8. 2025Diffusion Model Quantization: A Review