mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SDDM: Score-Decomposed Diffusion Models on Manifolds for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation

arXiv 2308.02154 ↗First posted 4 Aug 2023cs.CVcited by 13

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion foundations and sampling

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent score-based diffusion models (SBDMs) show promising results in unpaired image-to-image translation (I2I). However, existing methods, either energy-based or statistically-based, provide no explicit form of the interfered intermediate generative distributions. This work presents a new score-decomposed diffusion model (SDDM) on manifolds to explicitly optimize the tangled distributions during image generation. SDDM derives manifolds to make the distributions of adjacent time steps separable and decompose the score function or energy guidance into an image ``denoising" part and a content ``refinement" part. To refine the image in the same noise level, we equalize the refinement parts of the score function and energy guidance, which permits multi-objective optimization on the manifold. We also leverage the block adaptive instance normalization module to construct manifolds with lower dimensions but still concentrated with the perturbed reference image. SDDM outperforms existing SBDM-based methods with much fewer diffusion steps on several I2I benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion foundations and sampling, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 36 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Aug 2023.

Builds on

36 of 50 references.

Closest ancestors · 9

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidance26 Jul
  2. 2022EGSDE: Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation via Energy-Guided Stochastic Differential Equations14 Jul
  3. 2022DPM-Solver: A Fast ODE Solver for Diffusion Probabilistic Model Sampling in Around 10 Steps2 Jun
  4. 2022Pseudo Numerical Methods for Diffusion Models on Manifolds20 Feb
  5. 2022Analytic-DPM: an Analytic Estimate of the Optimal Reverse Variance in Diffusion Probabilistic Models17 Jan
  6. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis11 May
  7. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models18 Feb
  8. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations26 Nov
  9. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models19 Jun

Other references · 27

  1. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  2. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
  3. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  4. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  5. 2021SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 1,903
  6. 2019StarGAN v2: Diverse Image Synthesis for Multiple Domainscited by 1,095
  7. 2018Multi-Task Learning as Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 809
  8. 2018Multimodal Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translationcited by 795
  9. 2020Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 637
  10. 2022Improving Diffusion Models for Inverse Problems using Manifold Constraintscited by 501
  11. 2020SCAN: Learning to Classify Images without Labelscited by 351
  12. 2017DualGAN: Unsupervised Dual Learning for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 310
15 more
  1. 2018Diverse Image-to-Image Translation via Disentangled Representationscited by 296
  2. 2017Learning to Discover Cross-Domain Relations with Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 278
  3. 2019U-GAT-IT: Unsupervised Generative Attentional Networks with Adaptive Layer-Instance Normalization for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 186
  4. 2016A Theory of Generative ConvNetcited by 174
  5. 2021Image-to-Image Translation: Methods and Applicationscited by 116
  6. 2018Geometry-Consistent Generative Adversarial Networks for One-Sided Unsupervised Domain Mappingcited by 113
  7. 2022Diffusion Visual Counterfactual Explanationscited by 96
  8. 2017One-Sided Unsupervised Domain Mappingcited by 91
  9. 2022Equivariant Energy-Guided SDE for Inverse Molecular Designcited by 72
  10. 2021The Spatially-Correlative Loss for Various Image Translation Taskscited by 66
  11. 2020TSIT: A Simple and Versatile Framework for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 64
  12. 2016Cooperative Training of Descriptor and Generator Networkscited by 60
  13. 2019Towards Instance-level Image-to-Image Translationcited by 36
  14. 2019A Brief Introduction to Manifold Optimizationcited by 35
  15. 2021Learning Cycle-Consistent Cooperative Networks via Alternating MCMC Teaching for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Translationcited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.

13 papers.

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By area:

  1. 2025CycleDiff: Cycle Diffusion Models for Unpaired Image-to-image Translationcited by 6
  2. 2025Single-Step Bidirectional Unpaired Image Translation Using Implicit Bridge Consistency Distillationcited by 4
  3. 2024Contrastive Learning and Cycle Consistency-based Transductive Transfer Learning for Target Annotationcited by 2
  4. 2024Survey on Visual Signal Coding and Processing with Generative Models: Technologies, Standards and Optimizationcited by 2
  5. 2024Exploring the Design Space of Diffusion Bridge Modelscited by 2
  6. 2025Learning to Match Unpaired Data with Minimum Entropy Couplingcited by 2
  7. 2025Latent Guidance in Diffusion Models for Perceptual Evaluationscited by 2
  8. 2026PRISM: Distribution-Gated Flow Matching for Controllable Unpaired Image Translationcited by 1
  9. 2023RL-I2IT: Image-to-Image Translation with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  10. 2025Contrastive-SDE: Guiding Stochastic Differential Equations with Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 0
  11. 2025TAG: Tangential Amplifying Guidance for Hallucination-Resistant Samplingcited by 0
  12. 2026GeoEdit: Local Frames for Fast, Training-Free On-Manifold Editing in Diffusion Modelscited by 0
1 more
  1. 2026Source-Agnostic Image Translation Based on Latent Aware Adaptive Maskingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Decoupled Residual Denoising Diffusion Models for Unified and Data Efficient Image-to-Image Translation
  2. 2023Multilevel Diffusion: Infinite Dimensional Score-Based Diffusion Models for Image Generation
  3. 2023Optimal Transport-Guided Conditional Score-Based Diffusion Models
  4. 2021UNIT-DDPM: UNpaired Image Translation with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models
  5. 2024Adapting to Unknown Low-Dimensional Structures in Score-Based Diffusion Models
  6. 2025A Diffusion Model Translator for Efficient Image-to-Image Translation
  7. 2021Conditional Image Generation with Score-Based Diffusion Models
  8. 2026Diffusion Image Generation with Explicit Modeling of Data Manifold Geometry