mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Sparse Local Patch Transformer for Robust Face Alignment and Landmarks Inherent Relation Learning

arXiv 2203.06541 ↗First posted 13 Mar 2022cs.CVcited by 47

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Abstract (arXiv)

Heatmap regression methods have dominated face alignment area in recent years while they ignore the inherent relation between different landmarks. In this paper, we propose a Sparse Local Patch Transformer (SLPT) for learning the inherent relation. The SLPT generates the representation of each single landmark from a local patch and aggregates them by an adaptive inherent relation based on the attention mechanism. The subpixel coordinate of each landmark is predicted independently based on the aggregated feature. Moreover, a coarse-to-fine framework is further introduced to incorporate with the SLPT, which enables the initial landmarks to gradually converge to the target facial landmarks using fine-grained features from dynamically resized local patches. Extensive experiments carried out on three popular benchmarks, including WFLW, 300W and COFW, demonstrate that the proposed method works at the state-of-the-art level with much less computational complexity by learning the inherent relation between facial landmarks. The code is available at the project website.

Key facts. Cited by 47 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2022.

Builds on

24 of 47 references.

References · 24

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
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  3. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
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  8. 2016Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimationcited by 913
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  10. 2018Look at Boundary: A Boundary-Aware Face Alignment Algorithmcited by 137
  11. 2019Adaptive Wing Loss for Robust Face Alignment via Heatmap Regressioncited by 127
  12. 2017Wing Loss for Robust Facial Landmark Localisation with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 108
12 more
  1. 2021TokenPose: Learning Keypoint Tokens for Human Pose Estimationcited by 106
  2. 2020LUVLi Face Alignment: Estimating Landmarks' Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihoodcited by 87
  3. 2018Style Aggregated Network for Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 60
  4. 2020Structured Landmark Detection via Topology-Adapting Deep Graph Learningcited by 50
  5. 2019DeCaFA: Deep Convolutional Cascade for Face Alignment In The Wildcited by 46
  6. 2017Deep Alignment Network: A convolutional neural network for robust face alignmentcited by 44
  7. 2019Aggregation via Separation: Boosting Facial Landmark Detector with Semi-Supervised Style Translationcited by 33
  8. 20193FabRec: Fast Few-shot Face alignment by Reconstructioncited by 33
  9. 2021ADNet: Leveraging Error-Bias Towards Normal Direction in Face Alignmentcited by 33
  10. 2021Supervision by Registration and Triangulation for Landmark Detectioncited by 30
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  12. 2020Robust Face Alignment by Multi-order High-precision Hourglass Networkcited by 16

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 9; 2024: 19; 2025: 7; 2026: 8.

47 papers.

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  1. 2023STAR Loss: Reducing Semantic Ambiguity in Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 41
  2. 2024KeyPoint Relative Position Encoding for Face Recognitioncited by 37
  3. 2024FaceXFormer: A Unified Transformer for Facial Analysiscited by 34
  4. 2022Learning Motion-Robust Remote Photoplethysmography through Arbitrary Resolution Videoscited by 26
  5. 2023Recurrence without Recurrence: Stable Video Landmark Detection with Deep Equilibrium Modelscited by 26
  6. 2022Shape Preserving Facial Landmarks with Graph Attention Networkscited by 23
  7. 2024Self-Supervised Facial Representation Learning with Facial Region Awarenesscited by 17
  8. 2022Mask-FPAN: Semi-Supervised Face Parsing in the Wild With De-Occlusion and UV GANcited by 16
  9. 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perceptioncited by 12
  10. 2023Text-guided Eyeglasses Manipulation with Spatial Constraintscited by 10
  11. 2024A Multi-view Mask Contrastive Learning Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Age Estimationcited by 7
  12. 2024FacialFlowNet: Advancing Facial Optical Flow Estimation with a Diverse Dataset and a Decomposed Modelcited by 7
35 more
  1. 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warpingcited by 6
  2. 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 5
  3. 2025OpenFace 3.0: A Lightweight Multitask System for Comprehensive Facial Behavior Analysiscited by 5
  4. 2025Proto-Former: Unified Facial Landmark Detection by Prototype Transformercited by 5
  5. 2023KeyPosS: Plug-and-Play Facial Landmark Detection through GPS-Inspired True-Range Multilaterationcited by 3
  6. 2024Rethinking Self-training for Semi-supervised Landmark Detection: A Selection-free Approachcited by 3
  7. 2022FLNeRF: 3D Facial Landmarks Estimation in Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 2
  8. 2023Self-supervised Adaptive Pre-training of Multilingual Speech Models for Language and Dialect Identificationcited by 2
  9. 2024Fiducial Focus Augmentation for Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 2
  10. 2024POPoS: Improving Efficient and Robust Facial Landmark Detection with Parallel Optimal Position Searchcited by 2
  11. 2026FGTBT: Frequency-Guided Task-Balancing Transformer for Unified Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 2
  12. 2024ORFormer: Occlusion-Robust Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
  13. 2025Mitigating Knowledge Discrepancies among Multiple Datasets for Task-agnostic Unified Face Alignmentcited by 1
  14. 2025Heatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
  15. 2025Event-based Facial Keypoint Alignment via Cross-Modal Fusion Attention and Self-Supervised Multi-Event Representation Learningcited by 1
  16. 2026Supervision-by-Hallucination-and-Transfer: A Weakly-Supervised Approach for Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
  17. 2026OccFace: Unified Occlusion-Aware Facial Landmark Detection with Per-Point Visibilitycited by 1
  18. 2026FreqFLD: Towards All-in-One Facial Landmark Detection via Frequency Modulationcited by 1
  19. 2023Deformation Robust Text Spotting with Geometric Priorcited by 0
  20. 2023Enhancing Multilingual Speech Recognition through Language Prompt Tuning and Frame-Level Language Adaptercited by 0
  21. 2023GMTR: Graph Matching Transformerscited by 0
  22. 2023DarkShot: Lighting Dark Images with Low-Compute and High-Qualitycited by 0
  23. 2024TRLS: A Time Series Representation Learning Framework via Spectrogram for Medical Signal Processingcited by 0
  24. 2024TEN-GUARD: Tensor Decomposition for Backdoor Attack Detection in Deep Neural Networkscited by 0
  25. 2024Fast Registration of Photorealistic Avatars for VR Facial Animationcited by 0
  26. 2024T-Pixel2Mesh: Combining Global and Local Transformer for 3D Mesh Generation from a Single Imagecited by 0
  27. 2024Strategic Arms with Side Communication Prevail Over Low-Regret MAB Algorithmscited by 0
  28. 2024Towards General Deepfake Detection with Dynamic Curriculumcited by 0
  29. 2024Attr-Int: A Simple and Effective Entity Alignment Framework for Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphscited by 0
  30. 2025Mask6D: Masked Pose Priors For 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 0
  31. 2025Neuromorphic Eye Tracking for Low-Latency Pupil Detectioncited by 0
  32. 2026WorldComp2D: Spatio-semantic Representations of Object Identity and Location from Local Viewscited by 0
  33. 2026Towards Unified Dynamic Face Landmark Detectioncited by 0
  34. 2026AlignFace: Human-Aligned Face Similarity Metric with Interpretable Concept Relationscited by 0
  35. 2026FAHCD-Net: Frequency-Adaptive Heatmap-Conditional Diffusion Networks for Robust Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 0