Aggregation via Separation: Boosting Facial Landmark Detector with Semi-Supervised Style Translation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Facial landmark detection, or face alignment, is a fundamental task that has been extensively studied. In this paper, we investigate a new perspective of facial landmark detection and demonstrate it leads to further notable improvement. Given that any face images can be factored into space of style that captures lighting, texture and image environment, and a style-invariant structure space, our key idea is to leverage disentangled style and shape space of each individual to augment existing structures via style translation. With these augmented synthetic samples, our semi-supervised model surprisingly outperforms the fully-supervised one by a large margin. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our idea with state-of-the-art results on WFLW, 300W, COFW, and AFLW datasets. Our proposed structure is general and could be assembled into any face alignment frameworks. The code is made publicly available at https://github.com/thesouthfrog/stylealign.
Key facts. Cited by 33 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 8; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
33 papers.
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- 2022Sparse Local Patch Transformer for Robust Face Alignment and Landmarks Inherent Relation Learningcited by 47
- 2023STAR Loss: Reducing Semantic Ambiguity in Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 41
- 2022Controllable 3D Face Synthesis with Conditional Generative Occupancy Fieldscited by 37
- 2023Recurrence without Recurrence: Stable Video Landmark Detection with Deep Equilibrium Modelscited by 26
- 2022Shape Preserving Facial Landmarks with Graph Attention Networkscited by 23
- 2021Subpixel Heatmap Regression for Facial Landmark Localizationcited by 14
- 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perceptioncited by 12
- 2022What Makes for Good Tokenizers in Vision Transformer?cited by 9
- 2022One-Shot Medical Landmark Localization by Edge-Guided Transform and Noisy Landmark Refinementcited by 8
- 2024FaceShield: Defending Facial Image against Deepfake Threatscited by 8
- 2021Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection by Self-Calibrated Pose Attention Networkcited by 6
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warpingcited by 6
21 more
- 2021Landmark Breaker: Obstructing DeepFake By Disturbing Landmark Extractioncited by 5
- 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 5
- 2021Landmarks Augmentation with Manifold-Barycentric Oversamplingcited by 4
- 2021When Liebig's Barrel Meets Facial Landmark Detection: A Practical Modelcited by 3
- 2022FreeEnricher: Enriching Face Landmarks without Additional Costcited by 3
- 2023KeyPosS: Plug-and-Play Facial Landmark Detection through GPS-Inspired True-Range Multilaterationcited by 3
- 2023ProS: Facial Omni-Representation Learning via Prototype-based Self-Distillationcited by 3
- 2024Rethinking Self-training for Semi-supervised Landmark Detection: A Selection-free Approachcited by 3
- 2021An Efficient Multitask Neural Network for Face Alignment, Head Pose Estimation and Face Trackingcited by 2
- 2022Multi-Domain Multi-Definition Landmark Localization for Small Datasetscited by 2
- 2024POPoS: Improving Efficient and Robust Facial Landmark Detection with Parallel Optimal Position Searchcited by 2
- 2025Mitigating Knowledge Discrepancies among Multiple Datasets for Task-agnostic Unified Face Alignmentcited by 1
- 2025Heatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
- 2026Supervision-by-Hallucination-and-Transfer: A Weakly-Supervised Approach for Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 1
- 2021LDDMM-Face: Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Learning for Flexible and Consistent Face Alignmentcited by 0
- 2022CGOF++: Controllable 3D Face Synthesis with Conditional Generative Occupancy Fieldscited by 0
- 2025Semantic Style Transfer for Enhancing Animal Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Doodle Your Keypoints: Sketch-Based Few-Shot Keypoint Detectioncited by 0
- 2025PaCo-FR: Patch-Pixel Aligned End-to-End Codebook Learning for Facial Representation Pre-trainingcited by 0
- 2026WorldComp2D: Spatio-semantic Representations of Object Identity and Location from Local Viewscited by 0
- 2026Towards Unified Dynamic Face Landmark Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Towards Unified Dynamic Face Landmark Detection11 Aug 2026
- 2026WorldComp2D: Spatio-semantic Representations of Object Identity and Location from Local Views12 May 2026
- 2026Supervision-by-Hallucination-and-Transfer: A Weakly-Supervised Approach for Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection19 Jan 2026
- 2025Heatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detection19 Aug 2025
- 2025PaCo-FR: Patch-Pixel Aligned End-to-End Codebook Learning for Facial Representation Pre-training13 Aug 2025
- 2025Doodle Your Keypoints: Sketch-Based Few-Shot Keypoint Detection10 Jul 2025
- 2025Semantic Style Transfer for Enhancing Animal Facial Landmark Detection8 May 2025
- 2025Mitigating Knowledge Discrepancies among Multiple Datasets for Task-agnostic Unified Face Alignment28 Mar 2025
- 2024FaceShield: Defending Facial Image against Deepfake Threats13 Dec 2024
- 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detection8 Nov 2024
- 2024POPoS: Improving Efficient and Robust Facial Landmark Detection with Parallel Optimal Position Search12 Oct 2024
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warping18 Apr 2024
21 more
- 2024Rethinking Self-training for Semi-supervised Landmark Detection: A Selection-free Approach6 Apr 2024
- 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perception14 Mar 2024
- 2023ProS: Facial Omni-Representation Learning via Prototype-based Self-Distillation3 Nov 2023
- 2023STAR Loss: Reducing Semantic Ambiguity in Facial Landmark Detection5 Jun 2023
- 2023KeyPosS: Plug-and-Play Facial Landmark Detection through GPS-Inspired True-Range Multilateration25 May 2023
- 2023Recurrence without Recurrence: Stable Video Landmark Detection with Deep Equilibrium Models2 Apr 2023
- 2022What Makes for Good Tokenizers in Vision Transformer?21 Dec 2022
- 2022FreeEnricher: Enriching Face Landmarks without Additional Cost19 Dec 2022
- 2022CGOF++: Controllable 3D Face Synthesis with Conditional Generative Occupancy Fields23 Nov 2022
- 2022Shape Preserving Facial Landmarks with Graph Attention Networks13 Oct 2022
- 2022One-Shot Medical Landmark Localization by Edge-Guided Transform and Noisy Landmark Refinement31 Jul 2022
- 2022Controllable 3D Face Synthesis with Conditional Generative Occupancy Fields16 Jun 2022
- 2022Multi-Domain Multi-Definition Landmark Localization for Small Datasets19 Mar 2022
- 2022Sparse Local Patch Transformer for Robust Face Alignment and Landmarks Inherent Relation Learning13 Mar 2022
- 2021Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection by Self-Calibrated Pose Attention Network23 Dec 2021
- 2021Subpixel Heatmap Regression for Facial Landmark Localization3 Nov 2021
- 2021LDDMM-Face: Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Learning for Flexible and Consistent Face Alignment2 Aug 2021
- 2021When Liebig's Barrel Meets Facial Landmark Detection: A Practical Model27 May 2021
- 2021Landmarks Augmentation with Manifold-Barycentric Oversampling2 Apr 2021
- 2021An Efficient Multitask Neural Network for Face Alignment, Head Pose Estimation and Face Tracking13 Mar 2021
- 2021Landmark Breaker: Obstructing DeepFake By Disturbing Landmark Extraction1 Feb 2021
- 2022Sparse Local Patch Transformer for Robust Face Alignment and Landmarks Inherent Relation Learningcited by 47
- 2023STAR Loss: Reducing Semantic Ambiguity in Facial Landmark Detectioncited by 41
- 2022Controllable 3D Face Synthesis with Conditional Generative Occupancy Fieldscited by 37
- 2023Recurrence without Recurrence: Stable Video Landmark Detection with Deep Equilibrium Modelscited by 26
- 2022Shape Preserving Facial Landmarks with Graph Attention Networkscited by 23
- 2021Subpixel Heatmap Regression for Facial Landmark Localizationcited by 14
- 2024Faceptor: A Generalist Model for Face Perceptioncited by 12
- 2022What Makes for Good Tokenizers in Vision Transformer?cited by 9
- 2022One-Shot Medical Landmark Localization by Edge-Guided Transform and Noisy Landmark Refinementcited by 8
- 2024FaceShield: Defending Facial Image against Deepfake Threatscited by 8
- 2021Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection by Self-Calibrated Pose Attention Networkcited by 6
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warpingcited by 6
12 most cited of 33 All 33 (JSON)
- 2026Towards Unified Dynamic Face Landmark Detection11 Aug 2026
- 2026WorldComp2D: Spatio-semantic Representations of Object Identity and Location from Local Views12 May 2026
- 2026Supervision-by-Hallucination-and-Transfer: A Weakly-Supervised Approach for Robust and Precise Facial Landmark Detection19 Jan 2026
- 2025Heatmap Regression without Soft-Argmax for Facial Landmark Detection19 Aug 2025
- 2025PaCo-FR: Patch-Pixel Aligned End-to-End Codebook Learning for Facial Representation Pre-training13 Aug 2025
- 2025Doodle Your Keypoints: Sketch-Based Few-Shot Keypoint Detection10 Jul 2025
- 2025Semantic Style Transfer for Enhancing Animal Facial Landmark Detection8 May 2025
- 2025Mitigating Knowledge Discrepancies among Multiple Datasets for Task-agnostic Unified Face Alignment28 Mar 2025
- 2024FaceShield: Defending Facial Image against Deepfake Threats13 Dec 2024
- 2024Cascaded Dual Vision Transformer for Accurate Facial Landmark Detection8 Nov 2024
- 2024POPoS: Improving Efficient and Robust Facial Landmark Detection with Parallel Optimal Position Search12 Oct 2024
- 2024Generalizable Face Landmarking Guided by Conditional Face Warping18 Apr 2024
12 newest of 33 All 33 (JSON)