mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Compositional Transformers for Scene Generation

arXiv 2111.08960 ↗First posted 17 Nov 2021cs.CV cs.AI cs.LGcited by 24

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Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce the GANformer2 model, an iterative object-oriented transformer, explored for the task of generative modeling. The network incorporates strong and explicit structural priors, to reflect the compositional nature of visual scenes, and synthesizes images through a sequential process. It operates in two stages: a fast and lightweight planning phase, where we draft a high-level scene layout, followed by an attention-based execution phase, where the layout is being refined, evolving into a rich and detailed picture. Our model moves away from conventional black-box GAN architectures that feature a flat and monolithic latent space towards a transparent design that encourages efficiency, controllability and interpretability. We demonstrate GANformer2's strengths and qualities through a careful evaluation over a range of datasets, from multi-object CLEVR scenes to the challenging COCO images, showing it successfully achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of visual quality, diversity and consistency. Further experiments demonstrate the model's disentanglement and provide a deeper insight into its generative process, as it proceeds step-by-step from a rough initial sketch, to a detailed layout that accounts for objects' depths and dependencies, and up to the final high-resolution depiction of vibrant and intricate real-world scenes. See https://github.com/dorarad/gansformer for model implementation.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 65 of its 82 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Nov 2021.

Builds on

65 of 82 references.

References · 65

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  4. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  5. 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
  6. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
  7. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,229
  8. 2017Progressive Growing of GANs for Improved Quality, Stability, and Variationcited by 2,967
  9. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  10. 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,286
  11. 2016Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1,898
  12. 2016CLEVR: A Diagnostic Dataset for Compositional Language and Elementary Visual Reasoningcited by 1,445
38 more
  1. 2019Semantic Image Synthesis with Spatially-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 1,295
  2. 2018Hierarchical Neural Story Generationcited by 1,182
  3. 2017High-Resolution Image Synthesis and Semantic Manipulation with Conditional GANscited by 1,176
  4. 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
  5. 2020Object-Centric Learning with Slot Attentioncited by 865
  6. 2018Self-Attention Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 809
  7. 2018Panoptic Segmentationcited by 796
  8. 2020GIRAFFE: Representing Scenes as Compositional Generative Neural Feature Fieldscited by 784
  9. 2019Interpreting the Latent Space of GANs for Semantic Face Editingcited by 691
  10. 2019MaskGAN: Towards Diverse and Interactive Facial Image Manipulationcited by 624
  11. 2020GANSpace: Discovering Interpretable GAN Controlscited by 612
  12. 2016StackGAN: Text to Photo-realistic Image Synthesis with Stacked Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 575
  13. 2019MONet: Unsupervised Scene Decomposition and Representationcited by 388
  14. 2019Multi-Object Representation Learning with Iterative Variational Inferencecited by 359
  15. 2020StyleSpace Analysis: Disentangled Controls for StyleGAN Image Generationcited by 331
  16. 2018Image Generation from Scene Graphscited by 324
  17. 2017Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translationcited by 295
  18. 2020Unsupervised Discovery of Interpretable Directions in the GAN Latent Spacecited by 288
  19. 2019SEAN: Image Synthesis with Semantic Region-Adaptive Normalizationcited by 253
  20. 2019On the "steerability" of generative adversarial networkscited by 247
  21. 2019GENESIS: Generative Scene Inference and Sampling with Object-Centric Latent Representationscited by 227
  22. 2017Photographic Image Synthesis with Cascaded Refinement Networkscited by 223
  23. 2016Attend, Infer, Repeat: Fast Scene Understanding with Generative Modelscited by 209
  24. 2016Modular Multitask Reinforcement Learning with Policy Sketchescited by 200
  25. 2015DRAW: A Recurrent Neural Network For Image Generationcited by 190
  26. 2020SPACE: Unsupervised Object-Oriented Scene Representation via Spatial Attention and Decompositioncited by 190
  27. 2020Semantic Photo Manipulation with a Generative Image Priorcited by 178
  28. 2020BlockGAN: Learning 3D Object-aware Scene Representations from Unlabelled Imagescited by 166
  29. 2020You Only Need Adversarial Supervision for Semantic Image Synthesiscited by 129
  30. 2021Generative Adversarial Transformerscited by 120
  31. 2019Learning by Abstraction: The Neural State Machinecited by 113
  32. 2019Learning to Predict Layout-to-image Conditional Convolutions for Semantic Image Synthesiscited by 108
  33. 2018Inferring Semantic Layout for Hierarchical Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 101
  34. 2018ST-GAN: Spatial Transformer Generative Adversarial Networks for Image Compositingcited by 90
  35. 2019Specifying Object Attributes and Relations in Interactive Scene Generationcited by 76
  36. 2016Amortised MAP Inference for Image Super-resolutioncited by 68
  37. 2021Using latent space regression to analyze and leverage compositionality in GANscited by 55
  38. 2016Generative Image Modeling using Style and Structure Adversarial Networkscited by 50

50 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 6; 2023: 14; 2024: 1; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

24 papers.

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  1. 2021SemanticStyleGAN: Learning Compositional Generative Priors for Controllable Image Synthesis and Editingcited by 58
  2. 2023CC3D: Layout-Conditioned Generation of Compositional 3D Scenescited by 58
  3. 2021Multimodal Image Synthesis and Editing: The Generative AI Eracited by 52
  4. 2022Class-Aware Adversarial Transformers for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 33
  5. 2022How to Reuse and Compose Knowledge for a Lifetime of Tasks: A Survey on Continual Learning and Functional Compositioncited by 27
  6. 2022Efficient Image Generation with Variadic Attention Headscited by 17
  7. 2022ITTR: Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation with Transformerscited by 15
  8. 2023LinkGAN: Linking GAN Latents to Pixels for Controllable Image Synthesiscited by 15
  9. 2023EGIC: Enhanced Low-Bit-Rate Generative Image Compression Guided by Semantic Segmentationcited by 13
  10. 2022vMFNet: Compositionality Meets Domain-generalised Segmentationcited by 11
  11. 2023Semantic 3D-aware Portrait Synthesis and Manipulation Based on Compositional Neural Radiance Fieldcited by 10
  12. 2023Transformer-based Generative Adversarial Networks in Computer Vision: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 10
12 more
  1. 2023Transformer-based Image Generation from Scene Graphscited by 8
  2. 2022Vec2Face-v2: Unveil Human Faces from their Blackbox Features via Attention-based Network in Face Recognitioncited by 4
  3. 2023MorphGANFormer: Transformer-based Face Morphing and De-Morphingcited by 4
  4. 2023Im-Promptu: In-Context Composition from Image Promptscited by 4
  5. 20233D-GOI: 3D GAN Omni-Inversion for Multifaceted and Multi-object Editingcited by 4
  6. 2023Cross-GAN Auditing: Unsupervised Identification of Attribute Level Similarities and Differences between Pretrained Generative Modelscited by 2
  7. 2023Emergent Communication with Attentioncited by 2
  8. 2023Compositionally Equivariant Representation Learningcited by 2
  9. 2023Language-free Compositional Action Generation via Decoupling Refinementcited by 2
  10. 2024CAGE: Unsupervised Visual Composition and Animation for Controllable Video Generationcited by 2
  11. 2023Compositional Representation Learning for Brain Tumour Segmentationcited by 0
  12. 2026Efficient Human-Contact Representation for Human-Scene Interactioncited by 0