Similarity-Preserving Knowledge Distillation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Knowledge distillation is a widely applicable technique for training a student neural network under the guidance of a trained teacher network. For example, in neural network compression, a high-capacity teacher is distilled to train a compact student; in privileged learning, a teacher trained with privileged data is distilled to train a student without access to that data. The distillation loss determines how a teacher's knowledge is captured and transferred to the student. In this paper, we propose a new form of knowledge distillation loss that is inspired by the observation that semantically similar inputs tend to elicit similar activation patterns in a trained network. Similarity-preserving knowledge distillation guides the training of a student network such that input pairs that produce similar (dissimilar) activations in the teacher network produce similar (dissimilar) activations in the student network. In contrast to previous distillation methods, the student is not required to mimic the representation space of the teacher, but rather to preserve the pairwise similarities in its own representation space. Experiments on three public datasets demonstrate the potential of our approach.
Key facts. Cited by 507 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Jul 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 88; 2022: 131; 2023: 88; 2024: 96; 2025: 53; 2026: 51.
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- 2022Anomaly Detection via Reverse Distillation from One-Class Embeddingcited by 419
- 2022Decoupled Knowledge Distillationcited by 380
- 2021Distilling Knowledge via Knowledge Reviewcited by 285
- 2023A Survey on Model Compression for Large Language Modelscited by 263
- 2022Knowledge Distillation from A Stronger Teachercited by 204
- 2022Bridging the Gap between Object and Image-level Representations for Open-Vocabulary Detectioncited by 145
- 2023Getting aligned on representational alignmentcited by 142
- 2022Knowledge Distillation with the Reused Teacher Classifiercited by 140
- 2021Focal and Global Knowledge Distillation for Detectorscited by 138
- 2022Point-to-Voxel Knowledge Distillation for LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 118
- 2022Cross-Image Relational Knowledge Distillation for Semantic Segmentationcited by 117
- 2021Rethinking Soft Labels for Knowledge Distillation: A Bias-Variance Tradeoff Perspectivecited by 116
38 more
- 2021General Instance Distillation for Object Detectioncited by 113
- 2022Curriculum Temperature for Knowledge Distillationcited by 110
- 2022Q-ViT: Accurate and Fully Quantized Low-bit Vision Transformercited by 106
- 2021Distilling Object Detectors via Decoupled Featurescited by 105
- 2024Logit Standardization in Knowledge Distillationcited by 101
- 2021Dive into Ambiguity: Latent Distribution Mining and Pairwise Uncertainty Estimation for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 89
- 2023Deep Model Fusion: A Surveycited by 89
- 2022Unified Pretraining Framework for Document Understandingcited by 85
- 2022Learning Affordance Grounding from Exocentric Imagescited by 82
- 2023SCPNet: Semantic Scene Completion on Point Cloudcited by 80
- 2023One-for-All: Bridge the Gap Between Heterogeneous Architectures in Knowledge Distillationcited by 77
- 2021Show, Attend and Distill:Knowledge Distillation via Attention-based Feature Matchingcited by 76
- 2022BiBERT: Accurate Fully Binarized BERTcited by 70
- 2022Knowledge Distillation via the Target-aware Transformercited by 70
- 2022R2L: Distilling Neural Radiance Field to Neural Light Field for Efficient Novel View Synthesiscited by 69
- 2022Accelerating Dataset Distillation via Model Augmentationcited by 62
- 2021BERT Learns to Teach: Knowledge Distillation with Meta Learningcited by 61
- 2023Class Attention Transfer Based Knowledge Distillationcited by 61
- 2021Learning Student-Friendly Teacher Networks for Knowledge Distillationcited by 58
- 2021Object DGCNN: 3D Object Detection using Dynamic Graphscited by 58
- 2021Lifelong Person Re-Identification via Adaptive Knowledge Accumulationcited by 57
- 2024Iterative Data Smoothing: Mitigating Reward Overfitting and Overoptimization in RLHFcited by 57
- 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
- 2022LiDAR Distillation: Bridging the Beam-Induced Domain Gap for 3D Object Detectioncited by 54
- 2021A Survey on Green Deep Learningcited by 52
- 2022Revisiting Random Channel Pruning for Neural Network Compressioncited by 50
- 2022Parameter-Efficient and Student-Friendly Knowledge Distillationcited by 47
- 2021Refine Myself by Teaching Myself: Feature Refinement via Self-Knowledge Distillationcited by 46
- 2021Hierarchical Self-supervised Augmented Knowledge Distillationcited by 44
- 2022Exploring Inter-Channel Correlation for Diversity-preserved KnowledgeDistillationcited by 44
- 2022The Modality Focusing Hypothesis: Towards Understanding Crossmodal Knowledge Distillationcited by 44
- 2023NORM: Knowledge Distillation via N-to-One Representation Matchingcited by 44
- 2021Efficient Medical Image Segmentation Based on Knowledge Distillationcited by 43
- 2021Complementary Relation Contrastive Distillationcited by 42
- 2022Better Teacher Better Student: Dynamic Prior Knowledge for Knowledge Distillationcited by 41
- 2022PKD: General Distillation Framework for Object Detectors via Pearson Correlation Coefficientcited by 41
- 2021Co-advise: Cross Inductive Bias Distillationcited by 40
- 2022NTIRE 2022 Challenge on Efficient Super-Resolution: Methods and Resultscited by 40
50 most cited of 507 All 507 (JSON)
- 2026Diffusable Latents from Structure-Agnostic Distillation30 Sep 2026
- 2026Flattening the Connectome Spectrum: A Spectral Filter for FC Induces a Pretraining Target for fMRI Encoders29 Sep 2026
- 2026ATLAS: Aligned Transport of Latent Structure for Reliable World Model Planning28 Sep 2026
- 2026A Statistical Perspective on Knowledge Distillation: Foundations, Classical Methods, and Large Language Model Extensions27 Sep 2026
- 2026Kernel-Based Steering of CLIP with Vision-Language Model Preferences26 Sep 2026
- 2026Unknown-Traffic Detection, Calibration and Shortcut Reliance in Distilled Encrypted-Traffic Classifiers over One Year25 Sep 2026
- 2026Displacement Geometry Captures Platonic Shared Reality Across Models and Modalities21 Sep 2026
- 2026Can Knowledge Transfer Parameters Be Learned? LePoKet for Efficient Robotic Vision15 Sep 2026
- 2026SCORE: SubDistribution-aware Collaborative Knowledge Reinforcing for Cloth-Hybrid Lifelong Person Re-Identification11 Sep 2026
- 2026Temperature-Adaptive Transformed Teacher Matching29 Aug 2026
- 2026CloSeR: Unified Relational Distillation from Closed-Set Teachers for Category Discovery26 Aug 2026
- 2026BioKERN: Biological Kernel Regularization for Histology-to-Transcriptomics Neighborhood Retrieval25 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026DiD It in 87 Minutes: A Label-Free Softmax-to-Linear Adaptation of Vision Transformers for Object Detection23 Aug 2026
- 2026BioKD: Selective Physiology-to-Video Knowledge Distillation via Reliability Gate for Emotion Recognition6 Aug 2026
- 2026SPARE: Structural Parameter-Free Affinity Regularization for Flow Matching3 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards Compact Unified Multimodal Tracking: Synergizing Knowledge Distillation with Structural Pruning2 Aug 2026
- 2026CoCaRS: Correlation Calibration-Based Redundancy Suppression for Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation29 Jul 2026
- 2026AMRD: Adaptive Multi-Teacher Relational Distillation for Lightweight Speech Emotion Recognition28 Jul 2026
- 2026SPRKD: Effective Knowledge Distillation for Deep Neural Networks via Saddle Region Approximation25 Jul 2026
- 2026Decoder-Preserving Sparse Autoencoders: Which Readouts Survive Sparse Compression?19 Jul 2026
- 2026MobileSAM2: Lightweight Segment Anything for Spatial Intelligence14 Jul 2026
- 2026Displacement Preserving Relational Distillation for Robust Medical Segmentation6 Jul 2026
- 2026Teacher Supervision over Representation Equivalence Classes3 Jul 2026
- 2026HyFL-CLIP: Hyperbolic Fine-Tuning of CLIP for Robust Long-Context Understanding1 Jul 2026
- 2026Large Language Model Teaches Visual Students: Cross-Modality Transfer of Fine-Grained Conceptual Knowledge25 Jun 2026
- 2026REDI-Match: Rotation-Equivariant Distillation for Efficient and Robust Dense Matching23 Jun 2026
- 2026CoDMD: Copula-aware Distribution Matching Distillation for Fast Video Generation20 Jun 2026
- 2026TerraTransfer: Learning End-to-End Driving Policies Without Expert Demonstrations16 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Output Matching: Preserving Internal Geometry in NVFP4 LLM Distillation4 Jun 2026
- 2026Logit Distillation on Manifolds: Mapping by Learning30 May 2026
- 2026Lightweight SAR Ship Detection via Contrastive Distillation27 May 2026
- 2026Tempered Self-Similarity Alignment for Physically Plausible Video Generation24 May 2026
- 2026Consistently Informative Soft-Label Temperature for Knowledge Distillation19 May 2026
- 2026Balancing Knowledge Distillation for Imbalance Learning with Bilevel Optimization18 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Point-Wise Matching: Structural Representation Alignment for Accelerating Diffusion Transformers16 May 2026
- 2026From Layers to Networks: Comparing Neural Representations via Diffusion Geometry15 May 2026
- 2026Deep Reprogramming Distillation for Medical Foundation Models6 May 2026
- 2026SwiftChannel: Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design for Deep Learning-Based 5G Channel Estimation3 May 2026
- 2026Selective Correlation Based Knowledge Distillation for Ground Reaction Force Estimation27 Apr 2026
- 2026Rapidly deploying on-device eye tracking by distilling visual foundation models2 Apr 2026
- 2026Distilling Genomic Models for Efficient mRNA Representation Learning via Embedding Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026Powerful Teachers Matter: Text-Guided Multi-view Knowledge Distillation with Visual Prior Enhancement25 Mar 2026
- 2026Micro-AU CLIP: Fine-Grained Contrastive Learning from Local Independence to Global Dependency for Micro-Expression Action Unit Detection17 Mar 2026
- 2026AULLM++: Structured-Token-Conditioned Large Language Models for Micro-Expression Action Unit Detection9 Mar 2026
- 2026Selective Transfer Learning of Cross-Modality Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detection8 Mar 2026
- 2026SSR: A Generic Framework for Text-Aided Map Compression for Localization4 Mar 2026
- 2026UETrack: A Unified and Efficient Framework for Single Object Tracking2 Mar 2026
- 2026LUMOS: Democratizing SciML Workflows with L0-Regularized Learning for Unified Feature and Parameter Adaptation26 Feb 2026
- 2026FARTrack: Fast Autoregressive Visual Tracking with High Performance3 Feb 2026
- 2026BicKD: Bilateral Contrastive Knowledge Distillation1 Feb 2026
50 newest of 507 All 507 (JSON)
- 2024Accelerating Diffusion Models with One-to-Many Knowledge Distillationcited by 9
- 2026Beyond Point-Wise Matching: Structural Representation Alignment for Accelerating Diffusion Transformerscited by 4
- 2025Diffusion Transformer-to-Mamba Distillation for High-Resolution Image Generationcited by 3
- 2026CoDMD: Copula-aware Distribution Matching Distillation for Fast Video Generationcited by 3
- 2024Precise Knowledge Transfer via Flow Matchingcited by 1
- 2024Diffusion-based Data Augmentation and Knowledge Distillation with Generated Soft Labels Solving Data Scarcity Problems of SAR Oil Spill Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026SPARE: Structural Parameter-Free Affinity Regularization for Flow Matchingcited by 1
- 2024ReDistill: Residual Encoded Distillation for Peak Memory Reduction of CNNscited by 0
- 2026Diffusable Latents from Structure-Agnostic Distillationcited by 0
- 2026Diffusable Latents from Structure-Agnostic Distillation30 Sep 2026
- 2026SPARE: Structural Parameter-Free Affinity Regularization for Flow Matching3 Aug 2026
- 2026CoDMD: Copula-aware Distribution Matching Distillation for Fast Video Generation20 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Point-Wise Matching: Structural Representation Alignment for Accelerating Diffusion Transformers16 May 2026
- 2025Diffusion Transformer-to-Mamba Distillation for High-Resolution Image Generation23 Jun 2025
- 2024Diffusion-based Data Augmentation and Knowledge Distillation with Generated Soft Labels Solving Data Scarcity Problems of SAR Oil Spill Segmentation11 Dec 2024
- 2024Accelerating Diffusion Models with One-to-Many Knowledge Distillation5 Oct 2024
- 2024ReDistill: Residual Encoded Distillation for Peak Memory Reduction of CNNs6 Jun 2024
- 2024Precise Knowledge Transfer via Flow Matching3 Feb 2024
- 2023Distilling Out-of-Distribution Robustness from Vision-Language Foundation Modelscited by 9
- 2025GenRecal: Generation after Recalibration from Large to Small Vision-Language Modelscited by 9
- 2025Masking Teacher and Reinforcing Student for Distilling Vision-Language Modelscited by 6
- 2023WAVER: Writing-style Agnostic Text-Video Retrieval via Distilling Vision-Language Models Through Open-Vocabulary Knowledgecited by 4
- 2023Noise-Tolerant Few-Shot Unsupervised Adapter for Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025Interpret, prune and distill Donut : towards lightweight VLMs for VQA on documentcited by 0
- 2026Kernel-Based Steering of CLIP with Vision-Language Model Preferencescited by 0
- 2026Kernel-Based Steering of CLIP with Vision-Language Model Preferences26 Sep 2026
- 2025Masking Teacher and Reinforcing Student for Distilling Vision-Language Models23 Dec 2025
- 2025Interpret, prune and distill Donut : towards lightweight VLMs for VQA on document30 Sep 2025
- 2025GenRecal: Generation after Recalibration from Large to Small Vision-Language Models18 Jun 2025
- 2023WAVER: Writing-style Agnostic Text-Video Retrieval via Distilling Vision-Language Models Through Open-Vocabulary Knowledge15 Dec 2023
- 2023Distilling Out-of-Distribution Robustness from Vision-Language Foundation Models2 Nov 2023
- 2023Noise-Tolerant Few-Shot Unsupervised Adapter for Vision-Language Models26 Sep 2023
- 2022Anomaly Detection via Reverse Distillation from One-Class Embeddingcited by 419
- 2022Decoupled Knowledge Distillationcited by 380
- 2021Distilling Knowledge via Knowledge Reviewcited by 285
- 2023A Survey on Model Compression for Large Language Modelscited by 263
- 2022Knowledge Distillation from A Stronger Teachercited by 204
- 2022Bridging the Gap between Object and Image-level Representations for Open-Vocabulary Detectioncited by 145
- 2023Getting aligned on representational alignmentcited by 142
- 2022Knowledge Distillation with the Reused Teacher Classifiercited by 140
- 2021Focal and Global Knowledge Distillation for Detectorscited by 138
- 2022Point-to-Voxel Knowledge Distillation for LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 118
- 2022Cross-Image Relational Knowledge Distillation for Semantic Segmentationcited by 117
- 2021Rethinking Soft Labels for Knowledge Distillation: A Bias-Variance Tradeoff Perspectivecited by 116
12 most cited of 484 All 484 (JSON)
- 2026Flattening the Connectome Spectrum: A Spectral Filter for FC Induces a Pretraining Target for fMRI Encoders29 Sep 2026
- 2026A Statistical Perspective on Knowledge Distillation: Foundations, Classical Methods, and Large Language Model Extensions27 Sep 2026
- 2026Unknown-Traffic Detection, Calibration and Shortcut Reliance in Distilled Encrypted-Traffic Classifiers over One Year25 Sep 2026
- 2026Displacement Geometry Captures Platonic Shared Reality Across Models and Modalities21 Sep 2026
- 2026Can Knowledge Transfer Parameters Be Learned? LePoKet for Efficient Robotic Vision15 Sep 2026
- 2026SCORE: SubDistribution-aware Collaborative Knowledge Reinforcing for Cloth-Hybrid Lifelong Person Re-Identification11 Sep 2026
- 2026Temperature-Adaptive Transformed Teacher Matching29 Aug 2026
- 2026CloSeR: Unified Relational Distillation from Closed-Set Teachers for Category Discovery26 Aug 2026
- 2026BioKERN: Biological Kernel Regularization for Histology-to-Transcriptomics Neighborhood Retrieval25 Aug 2026
- 2026DiD It in 87 Minutes: A Label-Free Softmax-to-Linear Adaptation of Vision Transformers for Object Detection23 Aug 2026
- 2026BioKD: Selective Physiology-to-Video Knowledge Distillation via Reliability Gate for Emotion Recognition6 Aug 2026
- 2026Towards Compact Unified Multimodal Tracking: Synergizing Knowledge Distillation with Structural Pruning2 Aug 2026
12 newest of 484 All 484 (JSON)