mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

TransFER: Learning Relation-aware Facial Expression Representations with Transformers

arXiv 2108.11116 ↗First posted 25 Aug 2021cs.CVcited by 85

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Abstract (arXiv)

Facial expression recognition (FER) has received increasing interest in computer vision. We propose the TransFER model which can learn rich relation-aware local representations. It mainly consists of three components: Multi-Attention Dropping (MAD), ViT-FER, and Multi-head Self-Attention Dropping (MSAD). First, local patches play an important role in distinguishing various expressions, however, few existing works can locate discriminative and diverse local patches. This can cause serious problems when some patches are invisible due to pose variations or viewpoint changes. To address this issue, the MAD is proposed to randomly drop an attention map. Consequently, models are pushed to explore diverse local patches adaptively. Second, to build rich relations between different local patches, the Vision Transformers (ViT) are used in FER, called ViT-FER. Since the global scope is used to reinforce each local patch, a better representation is obtained to boost the FER performance. Thirdly, the multi-head self-attention allows ViT to jointly attend to features from different information subspaces at different positions. Given no explicit guidance, however, multiple self-attentions may extract similar relations. To address this, the MSAD is proposed to randomly drop one self-attention module. As a result, models are forced to learn rich relations among diverse local patches. Our proposed TransFER model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on several FER benchmarks, showing its effectiveness and usefulness.

Key facts. Cited by 85 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 33 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Aug 2021.

Builds on

19 of 33 references.

References · 19

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
  4. 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,560
  5. 2016Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)cited by 3,431
  6. 2017Improved Regularization of Convolutional Neural Networks with Cutoutcited by 1,623
  7. 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 895
  8. 2016MS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognitioncited by 621
  9. 2020Transformer Interpretability Beyond Attention Visualizationcited by 620
  10. 2017AffectNet: A Database for Facial Expression, Valence, and Arousal Computing in the Wildcited by 490
  11. 2013Challenges in Representation Learning: A report on three machine learning contestscited by 301
  12. 2018DropBlock: A regularization method for convolutional networkscited by 261
7 more
  1. 2014Efficient Object Localization Using Convolutional Networkscited by 226
  2. 2016Training Deep Networks for Facial Expression Recognition with Crowd-Sourced Label Distributioncited by 158
  3. 2020Suppressing Uncertainties for Large-Scale Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 157
  4. 2019Region Attention Networks for Pose and Occlusion Robust Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 127
  5. 2018Emotion Recognition in Speech using Cross-Modal Transfer in the Wildcited by 48
  6. 2018Covariance Pooling For Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 37
  7. 2015Automatic Facial Expression Recognition Using Features of Salient Facial Patchescited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 25; 2023: 26; 2024: 15; 2025: 9; 2026: 9.

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  1. 2021SPViT: Enabling Faster Vision Transformers via Soft Token Pruningcited by 165
  2. 2022Learn From All: Erasing Attention Consistency for Noisy Label Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 67
  3. 2022POSTER: A Pyramid Cross-Fusion Transformer Network for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 49
  4. 2022Intensity-Aware Loss for Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition in the Wildcited by 41
  5. 2023From Static to Dynamic: Adapting Landmark-Aware Image Models for Facial Expression Recognition in Videoscited by 39
  6. 2023SwinFace: A Multi-task Transformer for Face Recognition, Expression Recognition, Age Estimation and Attribute Estimationcited by 38
  7. 2023GPT-4V with Emotion: A Zero-shot Benchmark for Generalized Emotion Recognitioncited by 38
  8. 2022Vision Transformer with Attentive Pooling for Robust Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 35
  9. 2022Towards Semi-Supervised Deep Facial Expression Recognition with An Adaptive Confidence Margincited by 32
  10. 2023Learning Emotion Representations from Verbal and Nonverbal Communicationcited by 31
  11. 2023CLIPER: A Unified Vision-Language Framework for In-the-Wild Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 27
  12. 2022NR-DFERNet: Noise-Robust Network for Dynamic Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 26
38 more
  1. 2023POSTER++: A simpler and stronger facial expression recognition networkcited by 25
  2. 2022Peeling the Onion: Hierarchical Reduction of Data Redundancy for Efficient Vision Transformer Trainingcited by 24
  3. 2023Towards Evaluating Explanations of Vision Transformers for Medical Imagingcited by 22
  4. 2022Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded Networks with Smooth Predicting for Video Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 17
  5. 2023LA-Net: Landmark-Aware Learning for Reliable Facial Expression Recognition under Label Noisecited by 17
  6. 2023Leave No Stone Unturned: Mine Extra Knowledge for Imbalanced Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 17
  7. 2022Pose-disentangled Contrastive Learning for Self-supervised Facial Representationcited by 16
  8. 2022Facial Action Unit Detection and Intensity Estimation from Self-supervised Representationcited by 14
  9. 2023ReSup: Reliable Label Noise Suppression for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 14
  10. 2025BAH Dataset for Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Digital Behavioural Changecited by 14
  11. 2023Unlocking the Emotional World of Visual Media: An Overview of the Science, Research, and Impact of Understanding Emotioncited by 12
  12. 2024Guided Interpretable Facial Expression Recognition via Spatial Action Unit Cuescited by 11
  13. 2022FeatER: An Efficient Network for Human Reconstruction via Feature Map-Based TransformERcited by 9
  14. 2022Emotion Separation and Recognition from a Facial Expression by Generating the Poker Face with Vision Transformerscited by 9
  15. 2022Revisiting Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 9
  16. 2022Minutiae-Guided Fingerprint Embeddings via Vision Transformerscited by 9
  17. 2023ARBEx: Attentive Feature Extraction with Reliability Balancing for Robust Facial Expression Learningcited by 9
  18. 2023FER-former: Multi-modal Transformer for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 8
  19. 2024Exploring Facial Expression Recognition through Semi-Supervised Pretraining and Temporal Modelingcited by 8
  20. 2024AffectNet+: A Database for Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition with Soft-Labelscited by 8
  21. 2023PAtt-Lite: Lightweight Patch and Attention MobileNet for Challenging Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 7
  22. 2024A Multi-view Mask Contrastive Learning Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Age Estimationcited by 7
  23. 2022Transformers Meet Visual Learning Understanding: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 5
  24. 2023TempT: Temporal consistency for Test-time adaptationcited by 5
  25. 2024Task-adaptive Q-Facecited by 5
  26. 2024Facial Expression Analysis and Its Potentials in IoT Systems: A Contemporary Surveycited by 5
  27. 2025OpenFace 3.0: A Lightweight Multitask System for Comprehensive Facial Behavior Analysiscited by 5
  28. 2026Explainable graph attention network for stress recognition (StressGAT) via differential action unitscited by 5
  29. 2022CIAO! A Contrastive Adaptation Mechanism for Non-Universal Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
  30. 2022FaceTopoNet: Facial Expression Recognition using Face Topology Learningcited by 4
  31. 2022AU-Aware Vision Transformers for Biased Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
  32. 2023Exploring Large-scale Unlabeled Faces to Enhance Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
  33. 2023Unsupervised Facial Expression Representation Learning with Contrastive Local Warpingcited by 4
  34. 2023In the Blink of an Eye: Event-based Emotion Recognitioncited by 4
  35. 2025Multimodal Prompt Alignment for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
  36. 2022How Well Do Vision Transformers (VTs) Transfer To The Non-Natural Image Domain? An Empirical Study Involving Art Classificationcited by 3
  37. 2022Rethinking the Learning Paradigm for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 3
  38. 2022Deep representation learning: Fundamentals, Perspectives, Applications, and Open Challengescited by 3

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