Vision Transformer with Attentive Pooling for Robust Facial Expression Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Facial Expression Recognition (FER) in the wild is an extremely challenging task. Recently, some Vision Transformers (ViT) have been explored for FER, but most of them perform inferiorly compared to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). This is mainly because the new proposed modules are difficult to converge well from scratch due to lacking inductive bias and easy to focus on the occlusion and noisy areas. TransFER, a representative transformer-based method for FER, alleviates this with multi-branch attention dropping but brings excessive computations. On the contrary, we present two attentive pooling (AP) modules to pool noisy features directly. The AP modules include Attentive Patch Pooling (APP) and Attentive Token Pooling (ATP). They aim to guide the model to emphasize the most discriminative features while reducing the impacts of less relevant features. The proposed APP is employed to select the most informative patches on CNN features, and ATP discards unimportant tokens in ViT. Being simple to implement and without learnable parameters, the APP and ATP intuitively reduce the computational cost while boosting the performance by ONLY pursuing the most discriminative features. Qualitative results demonstrate the motivations and effectiveness of our attentive poolings. Besides, quantitative results on six in-the-wild datasets outperform other state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 96 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2022.
Builds on
51 of 96 references.
References · 51
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50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 10.
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- 2023From Static to Dynamic: Adapting Landmark-Aware Image Models for Facial Expression Recognition in Videoscited by 39
- 2024Facial Affective Behavior Analysis with Instruction Tuningcited by 26
- 2024Guided Interpretable Facial Expression Recognition via Spatial Action Unit Cuescited by 11
- 2025Face-LLaVA: Facial Expression and Attribute Understanding through Instruction Tuningcited by 11
- 2024ResEmoteNet: Bridging Accuracy and Loss Reduction in Facial Emotion Recognitioncited by 9
- 2024AffectNet+: A Database for Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition with Soft-Labelscited by 9
- 2023PAtt-Lite: Lightweight Patch and Attention MobileNet for Challenging Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 7
- 2024SynFER: Towards Boosting Facial Expression Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 6
- 2024Task-adaptive Q-Facecited by 5
- 2025Multimodal Prompt Alignment for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024Knowledge-Enhanced Facial Expression Recognition with Emotional-to-Neutral Transformationcited by 3
- 2025Learning in Focus: Detecting Behavioral and Collaborative Engagement Using Vision Transformerscited by 3
23 more
- 2026Nuanced Emotion Recognition Based on a Segment-based MLLM Framework Leveraging Qwen3-Omni for AH Detectioncited by 3
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventionscited by 3
- 2023Exploring Expression-related Self-supervised Learning for Affective Behaviour Analysiscited by 2
- 2023M2Former: Multi-Scale Patch Selection for Fine-Grained Visual Recognitioncited by 2
- 2024Batch Transformer: Look for Attention in Batchcited by 2
- 2024Spatial Action Unit Cues for Interpretable Deep Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 2
- 2026Explainable AI in Speaker Recognition -- Attention Map Visualisation and Evaluationcited by 2
- 2024Bridging the Gaps: Utilizing Unlabeled Face Recognition Datasets to Boost Semi-Supervised Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025ARPGNet: Appearance- and Relation-aware Parallel Graph Attention Fusion Network for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025A Perception CNN for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 1
- 2023SimFLE: Simple Facial Landmark Encoding for Self-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition in the Wildcited by 0
- 2023Emotion Embeddings unicodex2014 Learning Stable and Homogeneous Abstractions from Heterogeneous Affective Datasetscited by 0
- 2023Exploiting Diverse Feature for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
- 2024FERT: Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition with Short-Range FMCW Radarcited by 0
- 2025A Visual Self-attention Mechanism Facial Expression Recognition Network beyond Convnextcited by 0
- 2025TKFNet: Learning Texture Key Factor Driven Feature for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Semi-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition based on Dynamic Threshold and Negative Learningcited by 0
- 2026Emotion Diffusion Classifier with Adaptive Margin Discrepancy Training for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026LaCoVL-FER: Landmark-Guided Contrastive Learning Network with Vision-Language Enhancement for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Facial Affect Analysis for Service-Oriented Systems: Advances, Challenges, and Future Visionscited by 0
- 2026Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition in Head-Mounted Displays with Synthetic Datacited by 0
- 2026Inhibited Self-Attention: Sharpening Focus in Vision Transformerscited by 0
- 2026Sparse Attention to Emotion: Efficient Facial Emotion Recognition via Token Reductioncited by 0
- 2026Sparse Attention to Emotion: Efficient Facial Emotion Recognition via Token Reduction9 Aug 2026
- 2026Inhibited Self-Attention: Sharpening Focus in Vision Transformers14 Jul 2026
- 2026Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition in Head-Mounted Displays with Synthetic Data5 Jul 2026
- 2026Explainable AI in Speaker Recognition -- Attention Map Visualisation and Evaluation22 Jun 2026
- 2026Facial Affect Analysis for Service-Oriented Systems: Advances, Challenges, and Future Visions13 Jun 2026
- 2026LaCoVL-FER: Landmark-Guided Contrastive Learning Network with Vision-Language Enhancement for Facial Expression Recognition19 May 2026
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventions13 Apr 2026
- 2026Emotion Diffusion Classifier with Adaptive Margin Discrepancy Training for Facial Expression Recognition31 Mar 2026
- 2026Nuanced Emotion Recognition Based on a Segment-based MLLM Framework Leveraging Qwen3-Omni for AH Detection12 Mar 2026
- 2026Semi-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition based on Dynamic Threshold and Negative Learning9 Jan 2026
- 2025A Perception CNN for Facial Expression Recognition6 Dec 2025
- 2025ARPGNet: Appearance- and Relation-aware Parallel Graph Attention Fusion Network for Facial Expression Recognition27 Nov 2025
23 more
- 2025Learning in Focus: Detecting Behavioral and Collaborative Engagement Using Vision Transformers5 Aug 2025
- 2025Multimodal Prompt Alignment for Facial Expression Recognition26 Jun 2025
- 2025TKFNet: Learning Texture Key Factor Driven Feature for Facial Expression Recognition15 May 2025
- 2025A Visual Self-attention Mechanism Facial Expression Recognition Network beyond Convnext12 Apr 2025
- 2025Face-LLaVA: Facial Expression and Attribute Understanding through Instruction Tuning9 Apr 2025
- 2024FERT: Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition with Short-Range FMCW Radar18 Nov 2024
- 2024AffectNet+: A Database for Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition with Soft-Labels29 Oct 2024
- 2024Bridging the Gaps: Utilizing Unlabeled Face Recognition Datasets to Boost Semi-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition23 Oct 2024
- 2024SynFER: Towards Boosting Facial Expression Recognition with Synthetic Data13 Oct 2024
- 2024Spatial Action Unit Cues for Interpretable Deep Facial Expression Recognition1 Oct 2024
- 2024Knowledge-Enhanced Facial Expression Recognition with Emotional-to-Neutral Transformation13 Sep 2024
- 2024ResEmoteNet: Bridging Accuracy and Loss Reduction in Facial Emotion Recognition1 Sep 2024
- 2024Batch Transformer: Look for Attention in Batch5 Jul 2024
- 2024Task-adaptive Q-Face15 May 2024
- 2024Facial Affective Behavior Analysis with Instruction Tuning7 Apr 2024
- 2024Guided Interpretable Facial Expression Recognition via Spatial Action Unit Cues1 Feb 2024
- 2023From Static to Dynamic: Adapting Landmark-Aware Image Models for Facial Expression Recognition in Videos9 Dec 2023
- 2023Exploiting Diverse Feature for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis25 Aug 2023
- 2023Emotion Embeddings unicodex2014 Learning Stable and Homogeneous Abstractions from Heterogeneous Affective Datasets15 Aug 2023
- 2023M2Former: Multi-Scale Patch Selection for Fine-Grained Visual Recognition4 Aug 2023
- 2023PAtt-Lite: Lightweight Patch and Attention MobileNet for Challenging Facial Expression Recognition16 Jun 2023
- 2023Exploring Expression-related Self-supervised Learning for Affective Behaviour Analysis18 Mar 2023
- 2023SimFLE: Simple Facial Landmark Encoding for Self-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition in the Wild14 Mar 2023
- 2023From Static to Dynamic: Adapting Landmark-Aware Image Models for Facial Expression Recognition in Videoscited by 39
- 2024Facial Affective Behavior Analysis with Instruction Tuningcited by 26
- 2024Guided Interpretable Facial Expression Recognition via Spatial Action Unit Cuescited by 11
- 2025Face-LLaVA: Facial Expression and Attribute Understanding through Instruction Tuningcited by 11
- 2024ResEmoteNet: Bridging Accuracy and Loss Reduction in Facial Emotion Recognitioncited by 9
- 2024AffectNet+: A Database for Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition with Soft-Labelscited by 9
- 2023PAtt-Lite: Lightweight Patch and Attention MobileNet for Challenging Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 7
- 2024Task-adaptive Q-Facecited by 5
- 2024Knowledge-Enhanced Facial Expression Recognition with Emotional-to-Neutral Transformationcited by 3
- 2025Learning in Focus: Detecting Behavioral and Collaborative Engagement Using Vision Transformerscited by 3
- 2026Nuanced Emotion Recognition Based on a Segment-based MLLM Framework Leveraging Qwen3-Omni for AH Detectioncited by 3
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventionscited by 3
12 most cited of 32 All 32 (JSON)
- 2026Sparse Attention to Emotion: Efficient Facial Emotion Recognition via Token Reduction9 Aug 2026
- 2026Inhibited Self-Attention: Sharpening Focus in Vision Transformers14 Jul 2026
- 2026Enhancing Facial Expression Recognition in Head-Mounted Displays with Synthetic Data5 Jul 2026
- 2026Explainable AI in Speaker Recognition -- Attention Map Visualisation and Evaluation22 Jun 2026
- 2026Facial Affect Analysis for Service-Oriented Systems: Advances, Challenges, and Future Visions13 Jun 2026
- 2026LaCoVL-FER: Landmark-Guided Contrastive Learning Network with Vision-Language Enhancement for Facial Expression Recognition19 May 2026
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventions13 Apr 2026
- 2026Nuanced Emotion Recognition Based on a Segment-based MLLM Framework Leveraging Qwen3-Omni for AH Detection12 Mar 2026
- 2026Semi-Supervised Facial Expression Recognition based on Dynamic Threshold and Negative Learning9 Jan 2026
- 2025A Perception CNN for Facial Expression Recognition6 Dec 2025
- 2025ARPGNet: Appearance- and Relation-aware Parallel Graph Attention Fusion Network for Facial Expression Recognition27 Nov 2025
- 2025Learning in Focus: Detecting Behavioral and Collaborative Engagement Using Vision Transformers5 Aug 2025
12 newest of 32 All 32 (JSON)