mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ResT: An Efficient Transformer for Visual Recognition

arXiv 2105.13677 ↗First posted 28 May 2021cs.CVcited by 79

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents an efficient multi-scale vision Transformer, called ResT, that capably served as a general-purpose backbone for image recognition. Unlike existing Transformer methods, which employ standard Transformer blocks to tackle raw images with a fixed resolution, our ResT have several advantages: (1) A memory-efficient multi-head self-attention is built, which compresses the memory by a simple depth-wise convolution, and projects the interaction across the attention-heads dimension while keeping the diversity ability of multi-heads; (2) Position encoding is constructed as spatial attention, which is more flexible and can tackle with input images of arbitrary size without interpolation or fine-tune; (3) Instead of the straightforward tokenization at the beginning of each stage, we design the patch embedding as a stack of overlapping convolution operation with stride on the 2D-reshaped token map. We comprehensively validate ResT on image classification and downstream tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed ResT can outperform the recently state-of-the-art backbones by a large margin, demonstrating the potential of ResT as strong backbones. The code and models will be made publicly available at https://github.com/wofmanaf/ResT.

Key facts. Cited by 79 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 May 2021.

Builds on

36 of 55 references.

References · 36

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  4. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  5. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
  6. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  7. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  8. 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
  9. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
  10. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
  11. 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,560
  12. 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
24 more
  1. 2019CutMix: Regularization Strategy to Train Strong Classifiers with Localizable Featurescited by 2,875
  2. 2016Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networkscited by 2,540
  3. 2017Non-local Neural Networkscited by 2,290
  4. 2019RandAugment: Practical automated data augmentation with a reduced search spacecited by 2,261
  5. 2021Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutionscited by 1,960
  6. 2017Random Erasing Data Augmentationcited by 1,235
  7. 2016Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylizationcited by 1,187
  8. 2021Tokens-to-Token ViT: Training Vision Transformers from Scratch on ImageNetcited by 1,096
  9. 2016Deep Networks with Stochastic Depthcited by 973
  10. 2020Designing Network Design Spacescited by 954
  11. 2021Multiscale Vision Transformerscited by 896
  12. 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 891
  13. 2017Focal Loss for Dense Object Detectioncited by 749
  14. 2021Transformer in Transformercited by 632
  15. 2019Stand-Alone Self-Attention in Vision Modelscited by 542
  16. 2020ResNeSt: Split-Attention Networkscited by 445
  17. 2019Selective Kernel Networkscited by 401
  18. 2021Bottleneck Transformers for Visual Recognitioncited by 364
  19. 2020Conditional Convolutions for Instance Segmentationcited by 314
  20. 2020How Much Position Information Do Convolutional Neural Networks Encode?cited by 171
  21. 2020FCOS: A simple and strong anchor-free object detectorcited by 171
  22. 2021SA-Net: Shuffle Attention for Deep Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 54
  23. 2020SOLOv2: Dynamic and Fast Instance Segmentationcited by 37
  24. 2021Group-CAM: Group Score-Weighted Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 36

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 24; 2023: 20; 2024: 14; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

79 papers.

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  1. 2022TinyViT: Fast Pretraining Distillation for Small Vision Transformerscited by 232
  2. 2021UNetFormer: A UNet-like Transformer for Efficient Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Urban Scene Imagerycited by 166
  3. 2021CrossFormer: A Versatile Vision Transformer Hinging on Cross-scale Attentioncited by 139
  4. 2021A Survey of Visual Transformerscited by 117
  5. 2022An Empirical Study of Remote Sensing Pretrainingcited by 105
  6. 2022Correlation-Aware Deep Trackingcited by 62
  7. 2021On the Connection between Local Attention and Dynamic Depth-wise Convolutioncited by 61
  8. 2022Uniform Masking: Enabling MAE Pre-training for Pyramid-based Vision Transformers with Localitycited by 57
  9. 2022CATs++: Boosting Cost Aggregation with Convolutions and Transformerscited by 53
  10. 2023Revisiting Token Pruning for Object Detection and Instance Segmentationcited by 50
  11. 2021Efficient Visual Tracking with Exemplar Transformerscited by 48
  12. 2023Vision Transformer with Quadrangle Attentioncited by 46
38 more
  1. 2022MobileViTv3: Mobile-Friendly Vision Transformer with Simple and Effective Fusion of Local, Global and Input Featurescited by 44
  2. 2022VSA: Learning Varied-Size Window Attention in Vision Transformerscited by 43
  3. 2022LightViT: Towards Light-Weight Convolution-Free Vision Transformerscited by 40
  4. 2023VDD: Varied Drone Dataset for Semantic Segmentationcited by 39
  5. 2021Container: Context Aggregation Networkcited by 37
  6. 2023Xformer: Hybrid X-Shaped Transformer for Image Denoisingcited by 37
  7. 2023Rethinking Mobile Block for Efficient Attention-based Modelscited by 36
  8. 2021Dual-stream Network for Visual Recognitioncited by 33
  9. 2021INTERN: A New Learning Paradigm Towards General Visioncited by 33
  10. 2021Trans4Trans: Efficient Transformer for Transparent Object Segmentation to Help Visually Impaired People Navigate in the Real Worldcited by 30
  11. 2022Towards Efficient Adversarial Training on Vision Transformerscited by 29
  12. 2021Transformer Meets Convolution: A Bilateral Awareness Network for Semantic Segmentation of Very Fine Resolution Urban Scene Imagescited by 28
  13. 2023Lightweight Vision Transformer with Bidirectional Interactioncited by 25
  14. 2023AerialFormer: Multi-resolution Transformer for Aerial Image Segmentationcited by 23
  15. 2024MMREC: LLM Based Multi-Modal Recommender Systemcited by 22
  16. 2021ProTo: Program-Guided Transformer for Program-Guided Taskscited by 19
  17. 2023CrossFormer++: A Versatile Vision Transformer Hinging on Cross-scale Attentioncited by 18
  18. 2024QuadMamba: Learning Quadtree-based Selective Scan for Visual State Space Modelcited by 18
  19. 2023SpeechFormer++: A Hierarchical Efficient Framework for Paralinguistic Speech Processingcited by 16
  20. 2023Keep It SimPool: Who Said Supervised Transformers Suffer from Attention Deficit?cited by 16
  21. 2024SimpleLLM4AD: An End-to-End Vision-Language Model with Graph Visual Question Answering for Autonomous Drivingcited by 16
  22. 2023Multi-scale Promoted Self-adjusting Correlation Learning for Facial Action Unit Detectioncited by 14
  23. 2024SMAFormer: Synergistic Multi-Attention Transformer for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 14
  24. 2022Delving Deep into One-Shot Skeleton-based Action Recognition with Diverse Occlusionscited by 13
  25. 2023Robust Transformer with Locality Inductive Bias and Feature Normalizationcited by 12
  26. 2021Semi-Supervised Wide-Angle Portraits Correction by Multi-Scale Transformercited by 10
  27. 2022Convolutional Embedding Makes Hierarchical Vision Transformer Strongercited by 10
  28. 2022ResT V2: Simpler, Faster and Strongercited by 9
  29. 2022Symmetric Transformer-based Network for Unsupervised Image Registrationcited by 9
  30. 2023SBCFormer: Lightweight Network Capable of Full-size ImageNet Classification at 1 FPS on Single Board Computerscited by 9
  31. 2024Correlation-Embedded Transformer Tracking: A Single-Branch Frameworkcited by 9
  32. 2024TBConvL-Net: A Hybrid Deep Learning Architecture for Robust Medical Image Segmentationcited by 8
  33. 2022Defect Transformer: An Efficient Hybrid Transformer Architecture for Surface Defect Detectioncited by 6
  34. 2024Facial Action Unit Detection by Adaptively Constraining Self-Attention and Causally Deconfounding Samplecited by 6
  35. 2024A Review of Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification in Deep Probabilistic Image Segmentationcited by 6
  36. 2025Vision Mamba in Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Survey of Techniques, Applications and Outlookcited by 6
  37. 2022Long-term Leap Attention, Short-term Periodic Shift for Video Classificationcited by 5
  38. 2022End-to-end View Synthesis via NeRF Attentioncited by 5

50 most cited of 79 All 79 (JSON)