mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Xformer: Hybrid X-Shaped Transformer for Image Denoising

arXiv 2303.06440 ↗First posted 11 Mar 2023cs.CVcited by 37

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we present a hybrid X-shaped vision Transformer, named Xformer, which performs notably on image denoising tasks. We explore strengthening the global representation of tokens from different scopes. In detail, we adopt two types of Transformer blocks. The spatial-wise Transformer block performs fine-grained local patches interactions across tokens defined by spatial dimension. The channel-wise Transformer block performs direct global context interactions across tokens defined by channel dimension. Based on the concurrent network structure, we design two branches to conduct these two interaction fashions. Within each branch, we employ an encoder-decoder architecture to capture multi-scale features. Besides, we propose the Bidirectional Connection Unit (BCU) to couple the learned representations from these two branches while providing enhanced information fusion. The joint designs make our Xformer powerful to conduct global information modeling in both spatial and channel dimensions. Extensive experiments show that Xformer, under the comparable model complexity, achieves state-of-the-art performance on the synthetic and real-world image denoising tasks. We also provide code and models at https://github.com/gladzhang/Xformer.

Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Mar 2023.

Builds on

46 of 67 references.

References · 46

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  4. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  5. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  6. 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
  7. 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
  8. 2021SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 2,923
  9. 2021Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutionscited by 1,960
  10. 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,869
  11. 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,618
  12. 2017Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1,543
34 more
  1. 2016Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoisingcited by 1,352
  2. 2016Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution Using an Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 1,199
  3. 2018Self-Attention with Relative Position Representationscited by 1,112
  4. 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 891
  5. 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 864
  6. 2021Multi-Stage Progressive Image Restorationcited by 813
  7. 2021Twins: Revisiting the Design of Spatial Attention in Vision Transformerscited by 565
  8. 2017FFDNet: Toward a Fast and Flexible Solution for CNN based Image Denoisingcited by 509
  9. 2020Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Deep Denoiser Priorcited by 467
  10. 2017Deep Laplacian Pyramid Networks for Fast and Accurate Super-Resolutioncited by 452
  11. 2017Learning Deep CNN Denoiser Prior for Image Restorationcited by 407
  12. 2021XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformerscited by 335
  13. 2020Learning Enriched Features for Real Image Restoration and Enhancementcited by 311
  14. 2022MAXIM: Multi-Axis MLP for Image Processingcited by 301
  15. 2018Toward Convolutional Blind Denoising of Real Photographscited by 274
  16. 2019Residual Non-local Attention Networks for Image Restorationcited by 236
  17. 2021Co-Scale Conv-Attentional Image Transformerscited by 224
  18. 2020CycleISP: Real Image Restoration via Improved Data Synthesiscited by 212
  19. 2017Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographscited by 209
  20. 2018Multi-level Wavelet-CNN for Image Restorationcited by 184
  21. 2018Residual Dense Network for Image Restorationcited by 181
  22. 2019Real Image Denoising with Feature Attentioncited by 176
  23. 2021Conformer: Local Features Coupling Global Representations for Visual Recognitioncited by 164
  24. 2018Non-Local Recurrent Network for Image Restorationcited by 160
  25. 2019Variational Denoising Network: Toward Blind Noise Modeling and Removalcited by 117
  26. 2020Dual Adversarial Network: Toward Real-world Noise Removal and Noise Generationcited by 101
  27. 2020Transfer Learning from Synthetic to Real-Noise Denoising with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 92
  28. 2021ResT: An Efficient Transformer for Visual Recognitioncited by 79
  29. 2020NBNet: Noise Basis Learning for Image Denoising with Subspace Projectioncited by 77
  30. 2021On the Integration of Self-Attention and Convolutioncited by 74
  31. 2020Spatial-Adaptive Network for Single Image Denoisingcited by 64
  32. 2021Dynamic Attentive Graph Learning for Image Restorationcited by 48
  33. 2022MixFormer: Mixing Features across Windows and Dimensionscited by 43
  34. 2022Fast and High-Quality Image Denoising via Malleable Convolutionscited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 16; 2025: 12; 2026: 8.

37 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2024MambaIRv2: Attentive State Space Restorationcited by 90
  2. 2024DreamClear: High-Capacity Real-World Image Restoration with Privacy-Safe Dataset Curationcited by 64
  3. 2023Masked Image Training for Generalizable Deep Image Denoisingcited by 57
  4. 2024Restore-RWKV: Efficient and Effective Medical Image Restoration with RWKVcited by 36
  5. 2025From Zero to Detail: Deconstructing Ultra-High-Definition Image Restoration from Progressive Spectral Perspectivecited by 22
  6. 2025The Tenth NTIRE 2025 Image Denoising Challenge Reportcited by 21
  7. 2024BIGbench: A Unified Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-dimensional Social Biases in Text-to-Image Modelscited by 17
  8. 2024Sharing Key Semantics in Transformer Makes Efficient Image Restorationcited by 14
  9. 2025Reversing Flow for Image Restorationcited by 10
  10. 2025FlashSVD: Memory-Efficient Inference with Streaming for Low-Rank Modelscited by 8
  11. 2025Lightweight Medical Image Restoration via Integrating Reliable Lesion-Semantic Driven Priorcited by 7
  12. 2024Complementary Advantages: Exploiting Cross-Field Frequency Correlation for NIR-Assisted Image Denoisingcited by 5
25 more
  1. 2024NIR-Assisted Image Denoising: A Selective Fusion Approach and A Real-World Benchmark Datasetcited by 4
  2. 2024Self-Calibrated Variance-Stabilizing Transformations for Real-World Image Denoisingcited by 4
  3. 2024Learning to Translate Noise for Robust Image Denoisingcited by 4
  4. 2024Key-Graph Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 3
  5. 2026ATD: Improved Transformer with Adaptive Token Dictionary for Image Restorationcited by 3
  6. 2024TReX- Reusing Vision Transformer's Attention for Efficient Xbar-based Computingcited by 2
  7. 2025Fractal-IR: A Unified Framework for Efficient and Scalable Image Restorationcited by 2
  8. 2025Beyond the Ground Truth: Enhanced Supervision for Image Restorationcited by 2
  9. 2024Bi-Level Spatial and Channel-aware Transformer for Learned Image Compressioncited by 1
  10. 2024Classification-Denoising Networkscited by 1
  11. 2024Freqformer: Frequency-Domain Transformer for 3-D Reconstruction and Quantification of Human Retinal Vasculaturecited by 1
  12. 2024Hierarchical Information Flow for Generalized Efficient Image Restorationcited by 1
  13. 2024Personalized Generative Low-light Image Denoising and Enhancementcited by 1
  14. 2025StreamFlow: Theory, Algorithm, and Implementation for High-Efficiency Rectified Flow Generationcited by 1
  15. 2025KOSS: Kalman-Optimal Selective State Spaces for Long-Term Sequence Modelingcited by 1
  16. 2026Progressive Split Mamba: Effective State Space Modelling for Image Restorationcited by 1
  17. 2026The Third Challenge on Image Denoising at NTIRE 2026: Methods and Resultscited by 1
  18. 2026Spiking Pyramid Wavelet Transformation for High-efficient and Low-energy Image Restorationcited by 1
  19. 2025MIGA: Mutual Information-Guided Attack on Denoising Models for Semantic Manipulationcited by 0
  20. 2025Towards Robust Image Denoising with Scale Equivariancecited by 0
  21. 2025Similarity Matters: A Novel Depth-guided Network for Image Restoration and A New Datasetcited by 0
  22. 2026Accelerating Diffusion via Hybrid Data-Pipeline Parallelism Based on Conditional Guidance Schedulingcited by 0
  23. 2026Revisiting Global Token Mixing in Task-Dependent MRI Restoration: Insights from Minimal Gated CNN Baselinescited by 0
  24. 2026Learned Nonlocal Feature Matching and Filtering for RAW Image Denoisingcited by 0
  25. 2026SP-MoMamba: Superpixel-driven Mixture of State Space Experts for Efficient Image Super-Resolutioncited by 0