Xformer: Hybrid X-Shaped Transformer for Image Denoising
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present a hybrid X-shaped vision Transformer, named Xformer, which performs notably on image denoising tasks. We explore strengthening the global representation of tokens from different scopes. In detail, we adopt two types of Transformer blocks. The spatial-wise Transformer block performs fine-grained local patches interactions across tokens defined by spatial dimension. The channel-wise Transformer block performs direct global context interactions across tokens defined by channel dimension. Based on the concurrent network structure, we design two branches to conduct these two interaction fashions. Within each branch, we employ an encoder-decoder architecture to capture multi-scale features. Besides, we propose the Bidirectional Connection Unit (BCU) to couple the learned representations from these two branches while providing enhanced information fusion. The joint designs make our Xformer powerful to conduct global information modeling in both spatial and channel dimensions. Extensive experiments show that Xformer, under the comparable model complexity, achieves state-of-the-art performance on the synthetic and real-world image denoising tasks. We also provide code and models at https://github.com/gladzhang/Xformer.
Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 67 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Mar 2023.
Builds on
46 of 67 references.
References · 46
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- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,579
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- 2021SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 2,923
- 2021Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutionscited by 1,960
- 2021SwinIR: Image Restoration Using Swin Transformercited by 1,869
- 2021Restormer: Efficient Transformer for High-Resolution Image Restorationcited by 1,618
- 2017Enhanced Deep Residual Networks for Single Image Super-Resolutioncited by 1,543
34 more
- 2016Beyond a Gaussian Denoiser: Residual Learning of Deep CNN for Image Denoisingcited by 1,352
- 2016Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution Using an Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 1,199
- 2018Self-Attention with Relative Position Representationscited by 1,112
- 2020Pre-Trained Image Processing Transformercited by 891
- 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 864
- 2021Multi-Stage Progressive Image Restorationcited by 813
- 2021Twins: Revisiting the Design of Spatial Attention in Vision Transformerscited by 565
- 2017FFDNet: Toward a Fast and Flexible Solution for CNN based Image Denoisingcited by 509
- 2020Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Deep Denoiser Priorcited by 467
- 2017Deep Laplacian Pyramid Networks for Fast and Accurate Super-Resolutioncited by 452
- 2017Learning Deep CNN Denoiser Prior for Image Restorationcited by 407
- 2021XCiT: Cross-Covariance Image Transformerscited by 335
- 2020Learning Enriched Features for Real Image Restoration and Enhancementcited by 311
- 2022MAXIM: Multi-Axis MLP for Image Processingcited by 301
- 2018Toward Convolutional Blind Denoising of Real Photographscited by 274
- 2019Residual Non-local Attention Networks for Image Restorationcited by 236
- 2021Co-Scale Conv-Attentional Image Transformerscited by 224
- 2020CycleISP: Real Image Restoration via Improved Data Synthesiscited by 212
- 2017Benchmarking Denoising Algorithms with Real Photographscited by 209
- 2018Multi-level Wavelet-CNN for Image Restorationcited by 184
- 2018Residual Dense Network for Image Restorationcited by 181
- 2019Real Image Denoising with Feature Attentioncited by 176
- 2021Conformer: Local Features Coupling Global Representations for Visual Recognitioncited by 164
- 2018Non-Local Recurrent Network for Image Restorationcited by 160
- 2019Variational Denoising Network: Toward Blind Noise Modeling and Removalcited by 117
- 2020Dual Adversarial Network: Toward Real-world Noise Removal and Noise Generationcited by 101
- 2020Transfer Learning from Synthetic to Real-Noise Denoising with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 92
- 2021ResT: An Efficient Transformer for Visual Recognitioncited by 79
- 2020NBNet: Noise Basis Learning for Image Denoising with Subspace Projectioncited by 77
- 2021On the Integration of Self-Attention and Convolutioncited by 74
- 2020Spatial-Adaptive Network for Single Image Denoisingcited by 64
- 2021Dynamic Attentive Graph Learning for Image Restorationcited by 48
- 2022MixFormer: Mixing Features across Windows and Dimensionscited by 43
- 2022Fast and High-Quality Image Denoising via Malleable Convolutionscited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 16; 2025: 12; 2026: 8.
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