mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Fourier Contour Embedding for Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection

arXiv 2104.10442 ↗First posted 21 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 80

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Abstract (arXiv)

One of the main challenges for arbitrary-shaped text detection is to design a good text instance representation that allows networks to learn diverse text geometry variances. Most of existing methods model text instances in image spatial domain via masks or contour point sequences in the Cartesian or the polar coordinate system. However, the mask representation might lead to expensive post-processing, while the point sequence one may have limited capability to model texts with highly-curved shapes. To tackle these problems, we model text instances in the Fourier domain and propose one novel Fourier Contour Embedding (FCE) method to represent arbitrary shaped text contours as compact signatures. We further construct FCENet with a backbone, feature pyramid networks (FPN) and a simple post-processing with the Inverse Fourier Transformation (IFT) and Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS). Different from previous methods, FCENet first predicts compact Fourier signatures of text instances, and then reconstructs text contours via IFT and NMS during test. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FCE is accurate and robust to fit contours of scene texts even with highly-curved shapes, and also validate the effectiveness and the good generalization of FCENet for arbitrary-shaped text detection. Furthermore, experimental results show that our FCENet is superior to the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on CTW1500 and Total-Text, especially on challenging highly-curved text subset.

Key facts. Cited by 80 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Apr 2021.

Builds on

32 of 38 references.

References · 32

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  2. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
  3. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  4. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
  5. 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,829
  6. 2019FCOS: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Object Detectioncited by 1,573
  7. 2017Deformable Convolutional Networkscited by 1,481
  8. 2018Path Aggregation Network for Instance Segmentationcited by 796
  9. 2018Deformable ConvNets v2: More Deformable, Better Resultscited by 666
  10. 2016Training Region-based Object Detectors with Online Hard Example Miningcited by 577
  11. 2019Character Region Awareness for Text Detectioncited by 273
  12. 2017EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detectorcited by 248
20 more
  1. 2019Real-time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarizationcited by 212
  2. 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
  3. 2017Total-Text: A Comprehensive Dataset for Scene Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 161
  4. 2019Shape Robust Text Detection with Progressive Scale Expansion Networkcited by 147
  5. 2018TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detectorcited by 119
  6. 2018TextSnake: A Flexible Representation for Detecting Text of Arbitrary Shapescited by 114
  7. 2019Efficient and Accurate Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection with Pixel Aggregation Networkcited by 114
  8. 2016Detecting Text in Natural Image with Connectionist Text Proposal Networkcited by 85
  9. 2017Detecting Oriented Text in Natural Images by Linking Segmentscited by 80
  10. 2020Deep Relational Reasoning Graph Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 77
  11. 2020ContourNet: Taking a Further Step toward Accurate Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 69
  12. 2019Look More Than Once: An Accurate Detector for Text of Arbitrary Shapescited by 66
  13. 2019All You Need Is Boundary: Toward Arbitrary-Shaped Text Spottingcited by 66
  14. 2018TextField: Learning A Deep Direction Field for Irregular Scene Text Detectioncited by 50
  15. 2020TextRay: Contour-based Geometric Modeling for Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 37
  16. 2019MSR: Multi-Scale Shape Regression for Scene Text Detectioncited by 35
  17. 2018Scene Text Detection with Supervised Pyramid Context Networkcited by 34
  18. 2020ReLaText: Exploiting Visual Relationships for Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detection with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 20
  19. 2016Scene Text Detection via Holistic, Multi-Channel Predictioncited by 11
  20. 2019Geometry Normalization Networks for Accurate Scene Text Detectioncited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 20; 2023: 17; 2024: 21; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.

80 papers.

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  1. 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 96
  2. 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
  3. 2022Few Could Be Better Than All: Feature Sampling and Grouping for Scene Text Detectioncited by 65
  4. 2022DPText-DETR: Towards Better Scene Text Detection with Dynamic Points in Transformercited by 50
  5. 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
  6. 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Detectorcited by 44
  7. 2021MMOCR: A Comprehensive Toolbox for Text Detection, Recognition and Understandingcited by 40
  8. 2024Hi-SAM: Marrying Segment Anything Model for Hierarchical Text Segmentationcited by 30
  9. 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformercited by 29
  10. 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection via Boundary Transformercited by 28
  11. 2022Language Matters: A Weakly Supervised Vision-Language Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 27
  12. 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representationcited by 26
38 more
  1. 2022Kernel Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 17
  2. 2021Industrial Scene Text Detection with Refined Feature-attentive Networkcited by 16
  3. 2021I3CL:Intra- and Inter-Instance Collaborative Learning for Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 14
  4. 2022TextDCT: Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection via Discrete Cosine Transform Maskcited by 13
  5. 2022COO: Comic Onomatopoeia Dataset for Recognizing Arbitrary or Truncated Textscited by 12
  6. 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
  7. 2024FullAnno: A Data Engine for Enhancing Image Comprehension of MLLMscited by 12
  8. 2022Text Growing on Leafcited by 11
  9. 2022Explore Faster Localization Learning For Scene Text Detectioncited by 10
  10. 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 10
  11. 2021FAST: Faster Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Detector with Minimalist Kernel Representationcited by 9
  12. 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Spottercited by 9
  13. 2023Bridging Synthetic and Real Worlds for Pre-training Scene Text Detectorscited by 9
  14. 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Samplingcited by 9
  15. 2023LRANet: Towards Accurate and Efficient Scene Text Detection with Low-Rank Approximation Networkcited by 8
  16. 2024Seeing Text in the Dark: Algorithm and Benchmarkcited by 8
  17. 2022Zoom Text Detectorcited by 7
  18. 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spottingcited by 7
  19. 2022Arbitrary Shape Text Detection using Transformerscited by 6
  20. 2022Contextual Text Block Detection towards Scene Text Understandingcited by 6
  21. 2022CBNet: A Plug-and-Play Network for Segmentation-Based Scene Text Detectioncited by 6
  22. 2022Text Detection Forgot About Document OCRcited by 5
  23. 2022OCR-RTPS: An OCR-based real-time positioning system for the valet parkingcited by 4
  24. 2022A Comprehensive Gold Standard and Benchmark for Comics Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 4
  25. 2023MixNet: Toward Accurate Detection of Challenging Scene Text in the Wildcited by 4
  26. 2024Spotlight Text Detector: Spotlight on Candidate Regions Like a Cameracited by 4
  27. 2025LRANet++: Low-Rank Approximation Network for Accurate and Efficient Text Spottingcited by 4
  28. 2023PBFormer: Capturing Complex Scene Text Shape with Polynomial Band Transformercited by 3
  29. 2024Real-Time Text Detection with Similar Mask in Traffic, Industrial, and Natural Scenescited by 3
  30. 2025Edge Approximation Text Detectorcited by 3
  31. 2022Real-time Scene Text Detection Based on Global Level and Word Level Featurescited by 2
  32. 2022Unitail: Detecting, Reading, and Matching in Retail Scenecited by 2
  33. 2023CT-Net: Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection via Contour Transformercited by 2
  34. 2023Few-shot Shape Recognition by Learning Deep Shape-aware Featurescited by 2
  35. 2024Text Grouping Adapter: Adapting Pre-trained Text Detector for Layout Analysiscited by 2
  36. 2024The First Swahili Language Scene Text Detection and Recognition Datasetcited by 2
  37. 2024Towards Unified Multi-granularity Text Detection with Interactive Attentioncited by 2
  38. 2024SegHist: A General Segmentation-based Framework for Chinese Historical Document Text Line Detectioncited by 2

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