mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Dimensions of Commonsense Knowledge

arXiv 2101.04640 ↗First posted 12 Jan 2021cs.AIcited by 29

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Abstract (arXiv)

Commonsense knowledge is essential for many AI applications, including those in natural language processing, visual processing, and planning. Consequently, many sources that include commonsense knowledge have been designed and constructed over the past decades. Recently, the focus has been on large text-based sources, which facilitate easier integration with neural (language) models and application to textual tasks, typically at the expense of the semantics of the sources and their harmonization. Efforts to consolidate commonsense knowledge have yielded partial success, with no clear path towards a comprehensive solution. We aim to organize these sources around a common set of dimensions of commonsense knowledge. We survey a wide range of popular commonsense sources with a special focus on their relations. We consolidate these relations into 13 knowledge dimensions. This consolidation allows us to unify the separate sources and to compute indications of their coverage, overlap, and gaps with respect to the knowledge dimensions. Moreover, we analyze the impact of each dimension on downstream reasoning tasks that require commonsense knowledge, observing that the temporal and desire/goal dimensions are very beneficial for reasoning on current downstream tasks, while distinctness and lexical knowledge have little impact. These results reveal preferences for some dimensions in current evaluation, and potential neglect of others.

Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 100 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Jan 2021.

Builds on

36 of 100 references.

References · 36

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
  3. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  4. 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,878
  5. 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
  6. 2016Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotationscited by 2,646
  7. 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,922
  8. 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
  9. 2015Flickr30k Entities: Collecting Region-to-Phrase Correspondences for Richer Image-to-Sentence Modelscited by 1,352
  10. 2016ConceptNet 5.5: An Open Multilingual Graph of General Knowledgecited by 1,065
  11. 2019How Can We Know What Language Models Know?cited by 953
  12. 2020A Survey on Knowledge Graphs: Representation, Acquisition and Applicationscited by 643
24 more
  1. 2018From Recognition to Cognition: Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 553
  2. 2019COMET: Commonsense Transformers for Automatic Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 450
  3. 2019What BERT is not: Lessons from a new suite of psycholinguistic diagnostics for language modelscited by 317
  4. 2019Abductive Commonsense Reasoningcited by 300
  5. 2020AutoPrompt: Eliciting Knowledge from Language Models with Automatically Generated Promptscited by 246
  6. 2019KagNet: Knowledge-Aware Graph Networks for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 216
  7. 2019Commonsense Knowledge Mining from Pretrained Modelscited by 189
  8. 2020Unsupervised Commonsense Question Answering with Self-Talkcited by 161
  9. 2020Exploring Versatile Generative Language Model Via Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learningcited by 139
  10. 2018Visual Semantic Navigation using Scene Priorscited by 127
  11. 2020Birds have four legs?! NumerSense: Probing Numerical Commonsense Knowledge of Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 110
  12. 2020GLUCOSE: GeneraLized and COntextualized Story Explanationscited by 85
  13. 2020Are Natural Language Inference Models IMPPRESsive? Learning IMPlicature and PRESuppositioncited by 76
  14. 2020GenericsKB: A Knowledge Base of Generic Statementscited by 51
  15. 2020ProtoQA: A Question Answering Dataset for Prototypical Common-Sense Reasoningcited by 45
  16. 2020CSKG: The CommonSense Knowledge Graphcited by 45
  17. 2020WinoWhy: A Deep Diagnosis of Essential Commonsense Knowledge for Answering Winograd Schema Challengecited by 43
  18. 2019Towards Generalizable Neuro-Symbolic Systems for Commonsense Question Answeringcited by 37
  19. 2020Self-supervised Knowledge Triplet Learning for Zero-shot Question Answeringcited by 29
  20. 2020RICA: Evaluating Robust Inference Capabilities Based on Commonsense Axiomscited by 28
  21. 2019Commonsense Properties from Query Logs and Question Answering Forumscited by 26
  22. 2016Stereotyping and Bias in the Flickr30K Datasetcited by 25
  23. 2020Do Dogs have Whiskers? A New Knowledge Base of hasPart Relationscited by 10
  24. 2020Commonsense Knowledge in Wikidatacited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 8; 2023: 13; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

29 papers.

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  1. 2021Relational World Knowledge Representation in Contextual Language Models: A Reviewcited by 31
  2. 2023BRAINTEASER: Lateral Thinking Puzzles for Large Language Modelscited by 18
  3. 2022Acquiring and Modelling Abstract Commonsense Knowledge via Conceptualizationcited by 17
  4. 2023A Study of Situational Reasoning for Traffic Understandingcited by 13
  5. 2023Inferring Capabilities from Task Performance with Bayesian Triangulationcited by 13
  6. 2022Robust and Explainable Identification of Logical Fallacies in Natural Language Argumentscited by 12
  7. 2022A survey on knowledge-enhanced multimodal learningcited by 11
  8. 2023Knowledge-enhanced Agents for Interactive Text Gamescited by 10
  9. 2021PaCo: Preconditions Attributed to Commonsense Knowledgecited by 9
  10. 2023NeuroComparatives: Neuro-Symbolic Distillation of Comparative Knowledgecited by 8
  11. 2023CRoW: Benchmarking Commonsense Reasoning in Real-World Taskscited by 8
  12. 2022Task2Dial: A Novel Task and Dataset for Commonsense enhanced Task-based Dialogue Grounded in Documentscited by 7
17 more
  1. 2023Commonsense Reasoning for Conversational AI: A Survey of the State of the Artcited by 7
  2. 2022Modularized Transfer Learning with Multiple Knowledge Graphs for Zero-shot Commonsense Reasoningcited by 5
  3. 2022An Empirical Investigation of Commonsense Self-Supervision with Knowledge Graphscited by 4
  4. 2023Fine-Grained is Too Coarse: A Novel Data-Centric Approach for Efficient Scene Graph Generationcited by 4
  5. 2023Probing Physical Reasoning with Counter-Commonsense Contextcited by 4
  6. 2025A large-scale evaluation of commonsense knowledge in humans and large language modelscited by 4
  7. 2025LiTEx: A Linguistic Taxonomy of Explanations for Understanding Within-Label Variation in Natural Language Inferencecited by 4
  8. 2021Inside ASCENT: Exploring a Deep Commonsense Knowledge Base and its Usage in Question Answeringcited by 3
  9. 2022Generalizable Neuro-symbolic Systems for Commonsense Question Answeringcited by 3
  10. 2021Commonsense Knowledge in Word Associations and ConceptNetcited by 2
  11. 2023Adversarial Transformer Language Models for Contextual Commonsense Inferencecited by 2
  12. 2023The Contribution of Knowledge in Visiolinguistic Learning: A Survey on Tasks and Challengescited by 2
  13. 2022JECC: Commonsense Reasoning Tasks Derived from Interactive Fictionscited by 0
  14. 2023Machine Learning Approaches in Agile Manufacturing with Recycled Materials for Sustainabilitycited by 0
  15. 2023Towards One-Shot Learning for Text Classification using Inductive Logic Programmingcited by 0
  16. 2024CogNarr Ecosystem: Facilitating Group Cognition at Scalecited by 0
  17. 2026Semantic Abstraction for Natural Language Inference: a Methodological Framework for Discovering and Compensating Semantic Knowledge and Reasoning Gaps in Large Language Modelscited by 0