Style Equalization: Unsupervised Learning of Controllable Generative Sequence Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Controllable generative sequence models with the capability to extract and replicate the style of specific examples enable many applications, including narrating audiobooks in different voices, auto-completing and auto-correcting written handwriting, and generating missing training samples for downstream recognition tasks. However, under an unsupervised-style setting, typical training algorithms for controllable sequence generative models suffer from the training-inference mismatch, where the same sample is used as content and style input during training but unpaired samples are given during inference. In this paper, we tackle the training-inference mismatch encountered during unsupervised learning of controllable generative sequence models. The proposed method is simple yet effective, where we use a style transformation module to transfer target style information into an unrelated style input. This method enables training using unpaired content and style samples and thereby mitigate the training-inference mismatch. We apply style equalization to text-to-speech and text-to-handwriting synthesis on three datasets. We conduct thorough evaluation, including both quantitative and qualitative user studies. Our results show that by mitigating the training-inference mismatch with the proposed style equalization, we achieve style replication scores comparable to real data in our user studies.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 63 of its 92 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2021.
Builds on
63 of 92 references.
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50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
11 papers.
- 2021Synt++: Utilizing Imperfect Synthetic Data to Improve Speech Recognitioncited by 24
- 2023Text is All You Need: Personalizing ASR Models using Controllable Speech Synthesiscited by 9
- 2023Corpus Synthesis for Zero-shot ASR domain Adaptation using Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 5
- 2025TrInk: Ink Generation with Transformer Networkcited by 2
- 2021Data Incubation -- Synthesizing Missing Data for Handwriting Recognitioncited by 1
- 2022Inkorrect: Online Handwriting Spelling Correctioncited by 1
- 2023Learning from Multiple Sources for Data-to-Text and Text-to-Datacited by 1
- 2022R-MelNet: Reduced Mel-Spectral Modeling for Neural TTScited by 0
- 2023AptSim2Real: Approximately-Paired Sim-to-Real Image Translationcited by 0
- 2023Sampling and Ranking for Digital Ink Generation on a tight computational budgetcited by 0
- 2025TrInk: Ink Generation with Transformer Network28 Aug 2025
- 2024Zero-Shot Paragraph-level Handwriting Imitation with Latent Diffusion Models1 Sep 2024
- 2023Corpus Synthesis for Zero-shot ASR domain Adaptation using Large Language Models18 Sep 2023
- 2023Sampling and Ranking for Digital Ink Generation on a tight computational budget2 Jun 2023
- 2023Text is All You Need: Personalizing ASR Models using Controllable Speech Synthesis27 Mar 2023
- 2023AptSim2Real: Approximately-Paired Sim-to-Real Image Translation9 Mar 2023
- 2023Learning from Multiple Sources for Data-to-Text and Text-to-Data22 Feb 2023
- 2022R-MelNet: Reduced Mel-Spectral Modeling for Neural TTS30 Jun 2022
- 2022Inkorrect: Online Handwriting Spelling Correction28 Feb 2022
- 2021Synt++: Utilizing Imperfect Synthetic Data to Improve Speech Recognition21 Oct 2021
- 2021Data Incubation -- Synthesizing Missing Data for Handwriting Recognition13 Oct 2021