GIF: Generative Interpretable Faces
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Abstract (arXiv)
Photo-realistic visualization and animation of expressive human faces have been a long standing challenge. 3D face modeling methods provide parametric control but generates unrealistic images, on the other hand, generative 2D models like GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) output photo-realistic face images, but lack explicit control. Recent methods gain partial control, either by attempting to disentangle different factors in an unsupervised manner, or by adding control post hoc to a pre-trained model. Unconditional GANs, however, may entangle factors that are hard to undo later. We condition our generative model on pre-defined control parameters to encourage disentanglement in the generation process. Specifically, we condition StyleGAN2 on FLAME, a generative 3D face model. While conditioning on FLAME parameters yields unsatisfactory results, we find that conditioning on rendered FLAME geometry and photometric details works well. This gives us a generative 2D face model named GIF (Generative Interpretable Faces) that offers FLAME's parametric control. Here, interpretable refers to the semantic meaning of different parameters. Given FLAME parameters for shape, pose, expressions, parameters for appearance, lighting, and an additional style vector, GIF outputs photo-realistic face images. We perform an AMT based perceptual study to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate how well GIF follows its conditioning. The code, data, and trained model are publicly available for research purposes at http://gif.is.tue.mpg.de.
Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 14; 2023: 16; 2024: 8; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
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- 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animationcited by 254
- 2021HeadNeRF: A Real-time NeRF-based Parametric Head Modelcited by 228
- 2023Drag Your GAN: Interactive Point-based Manipulation on the Generative Image Manifoldcited by 218
- 2024LivePortrait: Efficient Portrait Animation with Stitching and Retargeting Controlcited by 202
- 2021Neural Actor: Neural Free-view Synthesis of Human Actors with Pose Controlcited by 106
- 2022Progressive Disentangled Representation Learning for Fine-Grained Controllable Talking Head Synthesiscited by 93
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 81
- 2023DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editingcited by 74
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Modelscited by 59
- 2023StyleAvatar: Real-time Photo-realistic Portrait Avatar from a Single Videocited by 52
- 2023Face Animation with an Attribute-Guided Diffusion Modelcited by 48
38 more
- 2023HyperReenact: One-Shot Reenactment via Jointly Learning to Refine and Retarget Facescited by 48
- 2022AniFaceGAN: Animatable 3D-Aware Face Image Generation for Video Avatarscited by 46
- 2022State-of-the-Art in the Architecture, Methods and Applications of StyleGANcited by 34
- 2023OmniAvatar: Geometry-Guided Controllable 3D Head Synthesiscited by 34
- 2021VariTex: Variational Neural Face Texturescited by 30
- 2023FreeDrag: Feature Dragging for Reliable Point-based Image Editingcited by 28
- 2022Finding Directions in GAN's Latent Space for Neural Face Reenactmentcited by 27
- 2021On the use of automatically generated synthetic image datasets for benchmarking face recognitioncited by 26
- 2021Linear Semantics in Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 25
- 2021MOST-GAN: 3D Morphable StyleGAN for Disentangled Face Image Manipulationcited by 24
- 2023CVTHead: One-shot Controllable Head Avatar with Vertex-feature Transformercited by 24
- 2022FNeVR: Neural Volume Rendering for Face Animationcited by 22
- 2021SAFA: Structure Aware Face Animationcited by 20
- 2023FaceLit: Neural 3D Relightable Facescited by 20
- 20223D-FM GAN: Towards 3D-Controllable Face Manipulationcited by 17
- 2022GAN-based Facial Attribute Manipulationcited by 16
- 2022BareSkinNet: De-makeup and De-lighting via 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 10
- 2021InvGAN: Invertible GANscited by 7
- 2023DisCO: Portrait Distortion Correction with Perspective-Aware 3D GANscited by 6
- 2024One-shot Neural Face Reenactment via Finding Directions in GAN's Latent Spacecited by 6
- 2021LatentKeypointGAN: Controlling Images via Latent Keypointscited by 5
- 2025InstaFace: Identity-Preserving Facial Editing with Single Image Inferencecited by 5
- 20233D-Aware Talking-Head Video Motion Transfercited by 4
- 2024SelfSwapper: Self-Supervised Face Swapping via Shape Agnostic Masked AutoEncodercited by 4
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Facescited by 4
- 2024ControlFace: Harnessing Facial Parametric Control for Face Riggingcited by 4
- 2022A comprehensive survey on semantic facial attribute editing using generative adversarial networkscited by 3
- 2023DF-3DFace: One-to-Many Speech Synchronized 3D Face Animation with Diffusioncited by 3
- 2024JEAN: Joint Expression and Audio-guided NeRF-based Talking Face Generationcited by 3
- 2025Towards Consistent and Controllable Image Synthesis for Face Editingcited by 3
- 2025Controlling Avatar Diffusion with Learnable Gaussian Embeddingcited by 3
- 2022Semantic-aware One-shot Face Re-enactment with Dense Correspondence Estimationcited by 1
- 2023DisControlFace: Adding Disentangled Control to Diffusion Autoencoder for One-shot Explicit Facial Image Editingcited by 1
- 2024RAVEN: Rethinking Adversarial Video Generation with Efficient Tri-plane Networkscited by 1
- 2025LiveNeRF: Efficient Face Replacement Through Neural Radiance Fields Integrationcited by 1
- 2022LatentKeypointGAN: Controlling Images via Latent Keypoints -- Extended Abstractcited by 0
- 2022Scaling Neural Face Synthesis to High FPS and Low Latency by Neural Cachingcited by 0
- 2023'Tax-free' 3DMM Conditional Face Generationcited by 0
50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2026Motion Manipulation via Unsupervised Keypoint Positioning in Face Animation4 Mar 2026
- 2025StyleYourSmile: Cross-Domain Face Retargeting Without Paired Multi-Style Data1 Dec 2025
- 2025LiveNeRF: Efficient Face Replacement Through Neural Radiance Fields Integration10 Nov 2025
- 2025Controlling Avatar Diffusion with Learnable Gaussian Embedding20 Mar 2025
- 2025InstaFace: Identity-Preserving Facial Editing with Single Image Inference27 Feb 2025
- 2025Towards Consistent and Controllable Image Synthesis for Face Editing4 Feb 2025
- 2024ControlFace: Harnessing Facial Parametric Control for Face Rigging2 Dec 2024
- 2024JEAN: Joint Expression and Audio-guided NeRF-based Talking Face Generation18 Sep 2024
- 2024LivePortrait: Efficient Portrait Animation with Stitching and Retargeting Control3 Jul 2024
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesis5 Apr 2024
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Faces4 Apr 2024
- 2024SelfSwapper: Self-Supervised Face Swapping via Shape Agnostic Masked AutoEncoder12 Feb 2024
38 more
- 2024One-shot Neural Face Reenactment via Finding Directions in GAN's Latent Space5 Feb 2024
- 2024RAVEN: Rethinking Adversarial Video Generation with Efficient Tri-plane Networks11 Jan 2024
- 2023DisControlFace: Adding Disentangled Control to Diffusion Autoencoder for One-shot Explicit Facial Image Editing11 Dec 2023
- 2023CVTHead: One-shot Controllable Head Avatar with Vertex-feature Transformer11 Nov 2023
- 20233D-Aware Talking-Head Video Motion Transfer5 Nov 2023
- 2023DF-3DFace: One-to-Many Speech Synchronized 3D Face Animation with Diffusion23 Aug 2023
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Models9 Aug 2023
- 2023Fake It Without Making It: Conditioned Face Generation for Accurate 3D Face Reconstruction25 Jul 2023
- 2023HyperReenact: One-Shot Reenactment via Jointly Learning to Refine and Retarget Faces20 Jul 2023
- 2023FreeDrag: Feature Dragging for Reliable Point-based Image Editing10 Jul 2023
- 2023'Tax-free' 3DMM Conditional Face Generation22 May 2023
- 2023Drag Your GAN: Interactive Point-based Manipulation on the Generative Image Manifold18 May 2023
- 2023StyleAvatar: Real-time Photo-realistic Portrait Avatar from a Single Video1 May 2023
- 2023DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editing13 Apr 2023
- 2023Face Animation with an Attribute-Guided Diffusion Model6 Apr 2023
- 2023OmniAvatar: Geometry-Guided Controllable 3D Head Synthesis27 Mar 2023
- 2023FaceLit: Neural 3D Relightable Faces27 Mar 2023
- 2023DisCO: Portrait Distortion Correction with Perspective-Aware 3D GANs23 Feb 2023
- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Models2 Dec 2022
- 2022Progressive Disentangled Representation Learning for Fine-Grained Controllable Talking Head Synthesis26 Nov 2022
- 2022Semantic-aware One-shot Face Re-enactment with Dense Correspondence Estimation23 Nov 2022
- 2022Scaling Neural Face Synthesis to High FPS and Low Latency by Neural Caching10 Nov 2022
- 2022GAN-based Facial Attribute Manipulation23 Oct 2022
- 2022AniFaceGAN: Animatable 3D-Aware Face Image Generation for Video Avatars12 Oct 2022
- 2022FNeVR: Neural Volume Rendering for Face Animation21 Sep 2022
- 2022BareSkinNet: De-makeup and De-lighting via 3D Face Reconstruction19 Sep 2022
- 20223D-FM GAN: Towards 3D-Controllable Face Manipulation24 Aug 2022
- 2022A comprehensive survey on semantic facial attribute editing using generative adversarial networks21 May 2022
- 2022LatentKeypointGAN: Controlling Images via Latent Keypoints -- Extended Abstract6 May 2022
- 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animation24 Apr 2022
- 2022State-of-the-Art in the Architecture, Methods and Applications of StyleGAN28 Feb 2022
- 2022Finding Directions in GAN's Latent Space for Neural Face Reenactment31 Jan 2022
- 2021HeadNeRF: A Real-time NeRF-based Parametric Head Model10 Dec 2021
- 2021InvGAN: Invertible GANs8 Dec 2021
- 2021SAFA: Structure Aware Face Animation9 Nov 2021
- 2021MOST-GAN: 3D Morphable StyleGAN for Disentangled Face Image Manipulation1 Nov 2021
- 2021On the use of automatically generated synthetic image datasets for benchmarking face recognition8 Jun 2021
- 2021Neural Actor: Neural Free-view Synthesis of Human Actors with Pose Control3 Jun 2021
50 newest of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2022EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animationcited by 254
- 2021HeadNeRF: A Real-time NeRF-based Parametric Head Modelcited by 228
- 2023Drag Your GAN: Interactive Point-based Manipulation on the Generative Image Manifoldcited by 218
- 2024LivePortrait: Efficient Portrait Animation with Stitching and Retargeting Controlcited by 202
- 2021Neural Actor: Neural Free-view Synthesis of Human Actors with Pose Controlcited by 106
- 2022Progressive Disentangled Representation Learning for Fine-Grained Controllable Talking Head Synthesiscited by 93
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesiscited by 81
- 2023DiffusionRig: Learning Personalized Priors for Facial Appearance Editingcited by 74
- 2022ClipFace: Text-guided Editing of Textured 3D Morphable Modelscited by 59
- 2023StyleAvatar: Real-time Photo-realistic Portrait Avatar from a Single Videocited by 52
- 2023HyperReenact: One-Shot Reenactment via Jointly Learning to Refine and Retarget Facescited by 48
- 2022AniFaceGAN: Animatable 3D-Aware Face Image Generation for Video Avatarscited by 46
12 most cited of 50 All 50 (JSON)
- 2026Motion Manipulation via Unsupervised Keypoint Positioning in Face Animation4 Mar 2026
- 2025StyleYourSmile: Cross-Domain Face Retargeting Without Paired Multi-Style Data1 Dec 2025
- 2025LiveNeRF: Efficient Face Replacement Through Neural Radiance Fields Integration10 Nov 2025
- 2025InstaFace: Identity-Preserving Facial Editing with Single Image Inference27 Feb 2025
- 2025Towards Consistent and Controllable Image Synthesis for Face Editing4 Feb 2025
- 2024ControlFace: Harnessing Facial Parametric Control for Face Rigging2 Dec 2024
- 2024JEAN: Joint Expression and Audio-guided NeRF-based Talking Face Generation18 Sep 2024
- 2024LivePortrait: Efficient Portrait Animation with Stitching and Retargeting Control3 Jul 2024
- 2024SMIRK: 3D Facial Expressions through Analysis-by-Neural-Synthesis5 Apr 2024
- 2024If It's Not Enough, Make It So: Reducing Authentic Data Demand in Face Recognition through Synthetic Faces4 Apr 2024
- 2024SelfSwapper: Self-Supervised Face Swapping via Shape Agnostic Masked AutoEncoder12 Feb 2024
- 2024One-shot Neural Face Reenactment via Finding Directions in GAN's Latent Space5 Feb 2024
12 newest of 50 All 50 (JSON)