mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BlazeFace: Sub-millisecond Neural Face Detection on Mobile GPUs

arXiv 1907.05047 ↗First posted 11 Jul 2019cs.CVcited by 74

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present BlazeFace, a lightweight and well-performing face detector tailored for mobile GPU inference. It runs at a speed of 200-1000+ FPS on flagship devices. This super-realtime performance enables it to be applied to any augmented reality pipeline that requires an accurate facial region of interest as an input for task-specific models, such as 2D/3D facial keypoint or geometry estimation, facial features or expression classification, and face region segmentation. Our contributions include a lightweight feature extraction network inspired by, but distinct from MobileNetV1/V2, a GPU-friendly anchor scheme modified from Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), and an improved tie resolution strategy alternative to non-maximum suppression.

Key facts. Cited by 74 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Jul 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 9; 2022: 12; 2023: 17; 2024: 9; 2025: 16; 2026: 11.

74 papers.

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  1. 2021Deepfake Video Detection Using Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 79
  2. 2021OpenPifPaf: Composite Fields for Semantic Keypoint Detection and Spatio-Temporal Associationcited by 55
  3. 2021Towards Solving the DeepFake Problem : An Analysis on Improving DeepFake Detection using Dynamic Face Augmentationcited by 25
  4. 2021Smart at what cost? Characterising Mobile Deep Neural Networks in the wildcited by 25
  5. 2023BakedAvatar: Baking Neural Fields for Real-Time Head Avatar Synthesiscited by 20
  6. 2025Pixel3DMM: Versatile Screen-Space Priors for Single-Image 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 20
  7. 2021Fast Facial Landmark Detection and Applications: A Surveycited by 18
  8. 2023GenConViT: Deepfake Video Detection Using Generative Convolutional Vision Transformercited by 12
  9. 2023EgoBlur: Responsible Innovation in Ariacited by 12
  10. 2024A multimodal dataset for understanding the impact of mobile phones on remote online virtual educationcited by 11
  11. 2021Going Deeper Into Face Detection: A Surveycited by 10
  12. 2022NanoFlowNet: Real-time Dense Optical Flow on a Nano Quadcoptercited by 10
38 more
  1. 2024AI-Generated Faces in the Real World: A Large-Scale Case Study of Twitter Profile Imagescited by 10
  2. 2024Biometrics and Behavior Analysis for Detecting Distractions in e-Learningcited by 10
  3. 2025Face-LLaVA: Facial Expression and Attribute Understanding through Instruction Tuningcited by 9
  4. 2021Computational Imaging and Artificial Intelligence: The Next Revolution of Mobile Visioncited by 7
  5. 2024Unimodal Multi-Task Fusion for Emotional Mimicry Intensity Predictioncited by 6
  6. 2022EResFD: Rediscovery of the Effectiveness of Standard Convolution for Lightweight Face Detectioncited by 5
  7. 2023Neonatal Face and Facial Landmark Detection from Video Recordingscited by 5
  8. 2022Block shuffling learning for Deepfake Detectioncited by 4
  9. 2023Gaze-based Attention Recognition for Human-Robot Collaborationcited by 4
  10. 2025Clothes-Changing Person Re-identification Based On Skeleton Dynamicscited by 4
  11. 2021What's wrong with this video? Comparing Explainers for Deepfake Detectioncited by 3
  12. 2022Are Face Detection Models Biased?cited by 3
  13. 2023Edge Devices Inference Performance Comparisoncited by 3
  14. 2023Disjoint Pose and Shape for 3D Face Reconstructioncited by 3
  15. 2025EgoEvGesture: Gesture Recognition Based on Egocentric Event Cameracited by 3
  16. 2022Real-time Virtual-Try-On from a Single Example Image through Deep Inverse Graphics and Learned Differentiable Rendererscited by 2
  17. 2023Real-time Driver Monitoring Systems on Edge AI Devicecited by 2
  18. 2024Evaluation of Video-Based rPPG in Challenging Environments: Artifact Mitigation and Network Resiliencecited by 2
  19. 2024Learning Gaze-aware Compositional GANcited by 2
  20. 2025Snapmoji: Instant Generation of Animatable Dual-Stylized Avatarscited by 2
  21. 2026SemanticFace: Semantic Facial Action Estimation via Semantic Distillation in Interpretable Spacecited by 2
  22. 2022Face Detection on Mobile: Five Implementations and Analysiscited by 1
  23. 2022ReViSe: Remote Vital Signs Measurement Using Smartphone Cameracited by 1
  24. 2022Hiding Your Signals: A Security Analysis of PPG-based Biometric Authenticationcited by 1
  25. 2023Improving the Accuracy of Beauty Product Recommendations by Assessing Face Illumination Qualitycited by 1
  26. 2024DroneVis: Versatile Computer Vision Library for Dronescited by 1
  27. 2024SUPER: Selfie Undistortion and Head Pose Editing with Identity Preservationcited by 1
  28. 2025Milmer: a Framework for Multiple Instance Learning based Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
  29. 2025Electromyography-Informed Facial Expression Reconstruction for Physiological-Based Synthesis and Analysiscited by 1
  30. 2025WEBEYETRACK: Scalable Eye-Tracking for the Browser via On-Device Few-Shot Personalizationcited by 1
  31. 2021Perceptual Gradient Networkscited by 0
  32. 2022Detection of fake faces in videoscited by 0
  33. 2022Fast Eye Detector Using Siamese Network for NIR Partial Face Imagescited by 0
  34. 2022A Diver Attention Estimation Framework for Effective Underwater Human-Robot Interactioncited by 0
  35. 2022SleepyWheels: An Ensemble Model for Drowsiness Detection leading to Accident Preventioncited by 0
  36. 2023Virtual Avatar Stream: a cost-down approach to the Metaverse experiencecited by 0
  37. 2023Weakly Supervised Detection of Baby Crycited by 0
  38. 2023SAFER: Situation Aware Facial Emotion Recognitioncited by 0

50 most cited of 74 All 74 (JSON)