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Abstract (arXiv)
By borrowing the wisdom of human in gaze following, we propose a two-stage solution for gaze point prediction of the target persons in a scene. Specifically, in the first stage, both head image and its position are fed into a gaze direction pathway to predict the gaze direction, and then multi-scale gaze direction fields are generated to characterize the distribution of gaze points without considering the scene contents. In the second stage, the multi-scale gaze direction fields are concatenated with the image contents and fed into a heatmap pathway for heatmap regression. There are two merits for our two-stage solution based gaze following: i) our solution mimics the behavior of human in gaze following, therefore it is more psychological plausible; ii) besides using heatmap to supervise the output of our network, we can also leverage gaze direction to facilitate the training of gaze direction pathway, therefore our network can be more robustly trained. Considering that existing gaze following dataset is annotated by the third-view persons, we build a video gaze following dataset, where the ground truth is annotated by the observers in the videos. Therefore it is more reliable. The evaluation with such a dataset reflects the capacity of different methods in real scenarios better. Extensive experiments on both datasets show that our method significantly outperforms existing methods, which validates the effectiveness of our solution for gaze following. Our dataset and codes are released in https://github.com/svip-lab/GazeFollowing.
Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Jul 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 4; 2023: 6; 2024: 10; 2025: 5; 2026: 11.
38 papers.
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- 2022End-to-End Human-Gaze-Target Detection with Transformerscited by 47
- 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoderscited by 36
- 2023ChildPlay: A New Benchmark for Understanding Children's Gaze Behaviourcited by 35
- 2023A Modular Multimodal Architecture for Gaze Target Prediction: Application to Privacy-Sensitive Settingscited by 31
- 2023Object-aware Gaze Target Detectioncited by 27
- 2021GOO: A Dataset for Gaze Object Prediction in Retail Environmentscited by 26
- 2022Multimodal Across Domains Gaze Target Detectioncited by 22
- 2022Patch-level Gaze Distribution Prediction for Gaze Followingcited by 22
- 2021GaTector: A Unified Framework for Gaze Object Predictioncited by 18
- 2024ViTGaze: Gaze Following with Interaction Features in Vision Transformerscited by 15
- 2024Exploring the Zero-Shot Capabilities of Vision-Language Models for Improving Gaze Followingcited by 13
- 2025Towards Online Multi-Modal Social Interaction Understandingcited by 12
26 more
- 2023Interaction-aware Joint Attention Estimation Using People Attributescited by 6
- 2023Joint Gaze-Location and Gaze-Object Detectioncited by 6
- 2024TransGOP: Transformer-Based Gaze Object Predictioncited by 6
- 2024GazeHTA: End-to-end Gaze Target Detection with Head-Target Associationcited by 6
- 2024Diffusion-Refined VQA Annotations for Semi-Supervised Gaze Followingcited by 4
- 2025Multi-view Gaze Target Estimationcited by 4
- 2022MGTR: End-to-End Mutual Gaze Detection with Transformercited by 3
- 2024A Novel Framework for Multi-Person Temporal Gaze Following and Social Gaze Predictioncited by 3
- 2025GA3CE: Unconstrained 3D Gaze Estimation with Gaze-Aware 3D Context Encodingcited by 3
- 2024GEM: Context-Aware Gaze EstiMation with Visual Search Behavior Matching for Chest Radiographcited by 2
- 2023Sharingan: A Transformer-based Architecture for Gaze Followingcited by 1
- 2024Driver Attention Tracking and Analysiscited by 1
- 2024Upper-Body Pose-based Gaze Estimation for Privacy-Preserving 3D Gaze Target Detectioncited by 1
- 2025GazeDETR: Gaze Detection using Disentangled Head and Gaze Representationscited by 1
- 2025GaTector+: A Unified Head-free Framework for Gaze Object and Gaze Following Predictioncited by 1
- 2026GazeD: Context-Aware Diffusion for Accurate 3D Gaze Estimationcited by 0
- 2026GazeMoE: Perception of Gaze Target with Mixture-of-Expertscited by 0
- 2026Eyes on VLM: Benchmarking Gaze Following and Social Gaze Prediction in Vision Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026OmniGF: A Dual-Branch Vision-Language Framework for Unified Gaze Followingcited by 0
- 2026Multi-scale Object-Aware Gaze Estimation via Geometric Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026PAGE: Towards Practical Human-level Gaze Target Estimationcited by 0
- 2026TextGaze: Prompting Gaze Target Estimation with Textual Scene Cuescited by 0
- 2026Open-Vocabulary Gaze Object Prediction: Benchmark and Methodcited by 0
- 2026Gaze Target Estimation Anywhere with Conceptscited by 0
- 2026From Gaze to Meaning: A Training-Free AI Agent for Unified Grounding and Explanationcited by 0
- 2026Self-Supervised Multi-View 3D Gaze Target Estimation via Probabilistic Ray Marchingcited by 0
- 2026Self-Supervised Multi-View 3D Gaze Target Estimation via Probabilistic Ray Marching7 Sep 2026
- 2026From Gaze to Meaning: A Training-Free AI Agent for Unified Grounding and Explanation5 Sep 2026
- 2026Gaze Target Estimation Anywhere with Concepts11 Aug 2026
- 2026Open-Vocabulary Gaze Object Prediction: Benchmark and Method21 Jul 2026
- 2026TextGaze: Prompting Gaze Target Estimation with Textual Scene Cues11 Jul 2026
- 2026PAGE: Towards Practical Human-level Gaze Target Estimation6 Jul 2026
- 2026Multi-scale Object-Aware Gaze Estimation via Geometric Reasoning28 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniGF: A Dual-Branch Vision-Language Framework for Unified Gaze Following26 May 2026
- 2026Eyes on VLM: Benchmarking Gaze Following and Social Gaze Prediction in Vision Language Models19 May 2026
- 2026GazeMoE: Perception of Gaze Target with Mixture-of-Experts6 Mar 2026
- 2026GazeD: Context-Aware Diffusion for Accurate 3D Gaze Estimation19 Jan 2026
- 2025GaTector+: A Unified Head-free Framework for Gaze Object and Gaze Following Prediction29 Oct 2025
26 more
- 2025GazeDETR: Gaze Detection using Disentangled Head and Gaze Representations18 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-view Gaze Target Estimation7 Aug 2025
- 2025GA3CE: Unconstrained 3D Gaze Estimation with Gaze-Aware 3D Context Encoding15 May 2025
- 2025Towards Online Multi-Modal Social Interaction Understanding25 Mar 2025
- 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoders12 Dec 2024
- 2024Upper-Body Pose-based Gaze Estimation for Privacy-Preserving 3D Gaze Target Detection26 Sep 2024
- 2024GEM: Context-Aware Gaze EstiMation with Visual Search Behavior Matching for Chest Radiograph10 Aug 2024
- 2024Exploring the Zero-Shot Capabilities of Vision-Language Models for Improving Gaze Following6 Jun 2024
- 2024Diffusion-Refined VQA Annotations for Semi-Supervised Gaze Following4 Jun 2024
- 2024GazeHTA: End-to-end Gaze Target Detection with Head-Target Association16 Apr 2024
- 2024Driver Attention Tracking and Analysis10 Apr 2024
- 2024ViTGaze: Gaze Following with Interaction Features in Vision Transformers19 Mar 2024
- 2024A Novel Framework for Multi-Person Temporal Gaze Following and Social Gaze Prediction15 Mar 2024
- 2024TransGOP: Transformer-Based Gaze Object Prediction21 Feb 2024
- 2023Sharingan: A Transformer-based Architecture for Gaze Following1 Oct 2023
- 2023Joint Gaze-Location and Gaze-Object Detection26 Aug 2023
- 2023Interaction-aware Joint Attention Estimation Using People Attributes10 Aug 2023
- 2023Object-aware Gaze Target Detection18 Jul 2023
- 2023A Modular Multimodal Architecture for Gaze Target Prediction: Application to Privacy-Sensitive Settings11 Jul 2023
- 2023ChildPlay: A New Benchmark for Understanding Children's Gaze Behaviour4 Jul 2023
- 2022Patch-level Gaze Distribution Prediction for Gaze Following20 Nov 2022
- 2022MGTR: End-to-End Mutual Gaze Detection with Transformer22 Sep 2022
- 2022Multimodal Across Domains Gaze Target Detection23 Aug 2022
- 2022End-to-End Human-Gaze-Target Detection with Transformers20 Mar 2022
- 2021GaTector: A Unified Framework for Gaze Object Prediction7 Dec 2021
- 2021GOO: A Dataset for Gaze Object Prediction in Retail Environments22 May 2021
- 2022End-to-End Human-Gaze-Target Detection with Transformerscited by 47
- 2024Gaze-LLE: Gaze Target Estimation via Large-Scale Learned Encoderscited by 36
- 2023ChildPlay: A New Benchmark for Understanding Children's Gaze Behaviourcited by 35
- 2023A Modular Multimodal Architecture for Gaze Target Prediction: Application to Privacy-Sensitive Settingscited by 31
- 2023Object-aware Gaze Target Detectioncited by 27
- 2021GOO: A Dataset for Gaze Object Prediction in Retail Environmentscited by 26
- 2022Multimodal Across Domains Gaze Target Detectioncited by 22
- 2022Patch-level Gaze Distribution Prediction for Gaze Followingcited by 22
- 2021GaTector: A Unified Framework for Gaze Object Predictioncited by 18
- 2024ViTGaze: Gaze Following with Interaction Features in Vision Transformerscited by 15
- 2025Towards Online Multi-Modal Social Interaction Understandingcited by 12
- 2023Interaction-aware Joint Attention Estimation Using People Attributescited by 6
12 most cited of 34 All 34 (JSON)
- 2026Self-Supervised Multi-View 3D Gaze Target Estimation via Probabilistic Ray Marching7 Sep 2026
- 2026Gaze Target Estimation Anywhere with Concepts11 Aug 2026
- 2026Open-Vocabulary Gaze Object Prediction: Benchmark and Method21 Jul 2026
- 2026TextGaze: Prompting Gaze Target Estimation with Textual Scene Cues11 Jul 2026
- 2026PAGE: Towards Practical Human-level Gaze Target Estimation6 Jul 2026
- 2026Multi-scale Object-Aware Gaze Estimation via Geometric Reasoning28 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniGF: A Dual-Branch Vision-Language Framework for Unified Gaze Following26 May 2026
- 2026GazeD: Context-Aware Diffusion for Accurate 3D Gaze Estimation19 Jan 2026
- 2025GaTector+: A Unified Head-free Framework for Gaze Object and Gaze Following Prediction29 Oct 2025
- 2025GazeDETR: Gaze Detection using Disentangled Head and Gaze Representations18 Aug 2025
- 2025Multi-view Gaze Target Estimation7 Aug 2025
- 2025GA3CE: Unconstrained 3D Gaze Estimation with Gaze-Aware 3D Context Encoding15 May 2025
12 newest of 34 All 34 (JSON)