mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Noiseprint: a CNN-based camera model fingerprint

arXiv 1808.08396 ↗First posted 25 Aug 2018cs.CVcited by 114

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Abstract (arXiv)

Forensic analyses of digital images rely heavily on the traces of in-camera and out-camera processes left on the acquired images. Such traces represent a sort of camera fingerprint. If one is able to recover them, by suppressing the high-level scene content and other disturbances, a number of forensic tasks can be easily accomplished. A notable example is the PRNU pattern, which can be regarded as a device fingerprint, and has received great attention in multimedia forensics. In this paper we propose a method to extract a camera model fingerprint, called noiseprint, where the scene content is largely suppressed and model-related artifacts are enhanced. This is obtained by means of a Siamese network, which is trained with pairs of image patches coming from the same (label +1) or different (label -1) cameras. Although noiseprints can be used for a large variety of forensic tasks, here we focus on image forgery localization. Experiments on several datasets widespread in the forensic community show noiseprint-based methods to provide state-of-the-art performance.

Key facts. Cited by 114 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 Aug 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 25; 2023: 29; 2024: 17; 2025: 17; 2026: 13.

114 papers.

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  1. 2021Uformer: A General U-Shaped Transformer for Image Restorationcited by 864
  2. 2022On the detection of synthetic images generated by diffusion modelscited by 282
  3. 2021PSCC-Net: Progressive Spatio-Channel Correlation Network for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 133
  4. 2022TruFor: Leveraging all-round clues for trustworthy image forgery detection and localizationcited by 130
  5. 2023Intriguing properties of synthetic images: from generative adversarial networks to diffusion modelscited by 121
  6. 2023Self-Supervised Video Forensics by Audio-Visual Anomaly Detectioncited by 84
  7. 2021Learning JPEG Compression Artifacts for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 78
  8. 2021Reverse Engineering of Generative Models: Inferring Model Hyperparameters from Generated Imagescited by 58
  9. 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspectivecited by 48
  10. 2023Generalizable Synthetic Image Detection via Language-guided Contrastive Learningcited by 48
  11. 2023AutoSplice: A Text-prompt Manipulated Image Dataset for Media Forensicscited by 46
  12. 2021Detect and Locate: Exposing Face Manipulation by Semantic- and Noise-level Telltalescited by 39
38 more
  1. 2022Learning Second Order Local Anomaly for General Face Forgery Detectioncited by 36
  2. 2023Pixel-Inconsistency Modeling for Image Manipulation Localizationcited by 33
  3. 2025D3: Training-Free AI-Generated Video Detection Using Second-Order Featurescited by 32
  4. 2021TransForensics: Image Forgery Localization with Dense Self-Attentioncited by 26
  5. 2023Weakly-supervised deepfake localization in diffusion-generated imagescited by 24
  6. 2025Seeing What Matters: Generalizable AI-generated Video Detection with Forensic-Oriented Augmentationcited by 23
  7. 2024TGIF: Text-Guided Inpainting Forgery Datasetcited by 20
  8. 2025Toward Generalizable Forgery Detection and Reasoningcited by 20
  9. 2023EXIF as Language: Learning Cross-Modal Associations Between Images and Camera Metadatacited by 17
  10. 2023The Age of Synthetic Realities: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 15
  11. 2023Effective Image Tampering Localization via Enhanced Transformer and Co-attention Fusioncited by 15
  12. 2024Exploring Multi-view Pixel Contrast for General and Robust Image Forgery Localizationcited by 15
  13. 2022CFL-Net: Image Forgery Localization Using Contrastive Learningcited by 12
  14. 2023Rethinking Image Forgery Detection via Soft Contrastive Learning and Unsupervised Clusteringcited by 12
  15. 2023Open Set Synthetic Image Source Attributioncited by 12
  16. 2025Methods and Trends in Detecting AI-Generated Images: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 12
  17. 2021GCA-Net : Utilizing Gated Context Attention for Improving Image Forgery Localization and Detectioncited by 11
  18. 2024ForgeryGPT: A Multimodal LLM for Interpretable Image Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 11
  19. 2022Comprint: Image Forgery Detection and Localization using Compression Fingerprintscited by 9
  20. 2022VideoFACT: Detecting Video Forgeries Using Attention, Scene Context, and Forensic Tracescited by 9
  21. 2024TextureCrop: Enhancing Synthetic Image Detection through Texture-based Croppingcited by 9
  22. 2022A Principled Design of Image Representation: Towards Forensic Taskscited by 8
  23. 2022Forensic License Plate Recognition with Compression-Informed Transformerscited by 8
  24. 2022Towards Effective Image Manipulation Detection with Proposal Contrastive Learningcited by 8
  25. 2023A New Benchmark and Model for Challenging Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 8
  26. 2023Unsupervised Multimodal Deepfake Detection Using Intra- and Cross-Modal Inconsistenciescited by 8
  27. 2024ForgeryTTT: Zero-Shot Image Manipulation Localization with Test-Time Trainingcited by 8
  28. 2022An Overview of Recent Work in Media Forensics: Methods and Threatscited by 7
  29. 2024Fusion Transformer with Object Mask Guidance for Image Forgery Analysiscited by 7
  30. 2024When Synthetic Traces Hide Real Content: Analysis of Stable Diffusion Image Launderingcited by 7
  31. 2023Diffusion models meet image counter-forensicscited by 6
  32. 2026Simplicity Prevails: The Emergence of Generalizable AIGI Detection in Visual Foundation Modelscited by 6
  33. 2023Comprehensive Dataset of Synthetic and Manipulated Overhead Imagery for Development and Evaluation of Forensic Toolscited by 5
  34. 2023TrainFors: A Large Benchmark Training Dataset for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
  35. 2023Local Statistics for Generative Image Detectioncited by 5
  36. 2023MMFusion: Combining Image Forensic Filters for Visual Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
  37. 2024Back-in-Time Diffusion: Unsupervised Detection of Medical Deepfakescited by 5
  38. 2022Effective Image Tampering Localization with Multi-Scale ConvNeXt Feature Fusioncited by 4

50 most cited of 114 All 114 (JSON)