TransForensics: Image Forgery Localization with Dense Self-Attention
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Abstract (arXiv)
Nowadays advanced image editing tools and technical skills produce tampered images more realistically, which can easily evade image forensic systems and make authenticity verification of images more difficult. To tackle this challenging problem, we introduce TransForensics, a novel image forgery localization method inspired by Transformers. The two major components in our framework are dense self-attention encoders and dense correction modules. The former is to model global context and all pairwise interactions between local patches at different scales, while the latter is used for improving the transparency of the hidden layers and correcting the outputs from different branches. Compared to previous traditional and deep learning methods, TransForensics not only can capture discriminative representations and obtain high-quality mask predictions but is also not limited by tampering types and patch sequence orders. By conducting experiments on main benchmarks, we show that TransForensics outperforms the stateof-the-art methods by a large margin.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Aug 2021.
Builds on
20 of 44 references.
References · 20
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
- 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,845
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- 2019Face X-ray for More General Face Forgery Detectioncited by 469
- 2014Deeply-Supervised Netscited by 364
- 2019Cross-Modal Self-Attention Network for Referring Image Segmentationcited by 263
- 2018Learning Rich Features for Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 154
8 more
- 2018Two-Stream Neural Networks for Tampered Face Detectioncited by 125
- 2018Noiseprint: a CNN-based camera model fingerprintcited by 114
- 2020SPAN: Spatial Pyramid Attention Network forImage Manipulation Localizationcited by 92
- 2019Hybrid LSTM and Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Detection of Image Forgeriescited by 59
- 2017Aligned and Non-Aligned Double JPEG Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 22
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 4; 2023: 6; 2024: 7; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.
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- 2023Explicit Visual Prompting for Low-Level Structure Segmentationscited by 113
- 2023IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformercited by 42
- 2024IMDL-BenCo: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Codebase for Image Manipulation Detection & Localizationcited by 42
- 2023Explicit Visual Prompting for Universal Foreground Segmentationscited by 17
- 2024DeCLIP: Decoding CLIP representations for deepfake localizationcited by 17
- 2024Exploring Multi-view Pixel Contrast for General and Robust Image Forgery Localizationcited by 15
- 2022CFL-Net: Image Forgery Localization Using Contrastive Learningcited by 12
- 2023Multi-spectral Class Center Network for Face Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 11
- 2025M2SFormer: Multi-Spectral and Multi-Scale Attention with Edge-Aware Difficulty Guidance for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 6
- 2022ReLoc: A Restoration-Assisted Framework for Robust Image Tampering Localizationcited by 5
- 2023TrainFors: A Large Benchmark Training Dataset for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
- 2023Progressive Feedback-Enhanced Transformer for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 4
14 more
- 2025SAMwave: Wavelet-Driven Feature Enrichment for Effective Adaptation of Segment Anything Modelcited by 3
- 2021Vision Transformer Based Video Hashing Retrieval for Tracing the Source of Fake Videoscited by 2
- 2022Fighting Malicious Media Data: A Survey on Tampering Detection and Deepfake Detectioncited by 2
- 2022A Multi-Stream Fusion Network for Image Splicing Localizationcited by 1
- 2024A Noise and Edge extraction-based dual-branch method for Shallowfake and Deepfake Localizationcited by 1
- 2024HRGR: Enhancing Image Manipulation Detection via Hierarchical Region-aware Graph Reasoningcited by 1
- 2024Detection of Synthetic Face Images: Accuracy, Robustness, Generalizationcited by 0
- 2024M^3:Manipulation Mask Manufacturer for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution Maskcited by 0
- 2025Dual-Branch Convolutional Framework for Spatial and Frequency-Based Image Forgery Detectioncited by 0
- 2025CBDiff:Conditional Bernoulli Diffusion Models for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 0
- 2025VAAS: Vision-Attention Anomaly Scoring for Image Manipulation Detection in Digital Forensicscited by 0
- 2026SARIF: Segment Anything for Robust Image Forensicscited by 0
- 2026GAP-SAM: A Global Artifact Prior for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Manipulation Localizationcited by 0
- 2026SegWave: Wavelet-Driven Segmentation of Tampered Regionscited by 0
- 2026SegWave: Wavelet-Driven Segmentation of Tampered Regions31 Aug 2026
- 2026GAP-SAM: A Global Artifact Prior for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Manipulation Localization21 Aug 2026
- 2026SARIF: Segment Anything for Robust Image Forensics19 Jun 2026
- 2025VAAS: Vision-Attention Anomaly Scoring for Image Manipulation Detection in Digital Forensics17 Dec 2025
- 2025CBDiff:Conditional Bernoulli Diffusion Models for Image Forgery Localization22 Oct 2025
- 2025Dual-Branch Convolutional Framework for Spatial and Frequency-Based Image Forgery Detection5 Sep 2025
- 2025SAMwave: Wavelet-Driven Feature Enrichment for Effective Adaptation of Segment Anything Model27 Jul 2025
- 2025M2SFormer: Multi-Spectral and Multi-Scale Attention with Edge-Aware Difficulty Guidance for Image Forgery Localization26 Jun 2025
- 2024HRGR: Enhancing Image Manipulation Detection via Hierarchical Region-aware Graph Reasoning29 Oct 2024
- 2024DeCLIP: Decoding CLIP representations for deepfake localization12 Sep 2024
- 2024A Noise and Edge extraction-based dual-branch method for Shallowfake and Deepfake Localization2 Sep 2024
- 2024M^3:Manipulation Mask Manufacturer for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution Mask4 Jul 2024
14 more
- 2024Detection of Synthetic Face Images: Accuracy, Robustness, Generalization25 Jun 2024
- 2024Exploring Multi-view Pixel Contrast for General and Robust Image Forgery Localization19 Jun 2024
- 2024IMDL-BenCo: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Codebase for Image Manipulation Detection & Localization15 Jun 2024
- 2023Progressive Feedback-Enhanced Transformer for Image Forgery Localization15 Nov 2023
- 2023TrainFors: A Large Benchmark Training Dataset for Image Manipulation Detection and Localization10 Aug 2023
- 2023IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformer27 Jul 2023
- 2023Explicit Visual Prompting for Universal Foreground Segmentations29 May 2023
- 2023Multi-spectral Class Center Network for Face Manipulation Detection and Localization18 May 2023
- 2023Explicit Visual Prompting for Low-Level Structure Segmentations20 Mar 2023
- 2022Fighting Malicious Media Data: A Survey on Tampering Detection and Deepfake Detection12 Dec 2022
- 2022A Multi-Stream Fusion Network for Image Splicing Localization2 Dec 2022
- 2022ReLoc: A Restoration-Assisted Framework for Robust Image Tampering Localization8 Nov 2022
- 2022CFL-Net: Image Forgery Localization Using Contrastive Learning4 Oct 2022
- 2021Vision Transformer Based Video Hashing Retrieval for Tracing the Source of Fake Videos15 Dec 2021
- 2023Explicit Visual Prompting for Low-Level Structure Segmentationscited by 113
- 2023IML-ViT: Benchmarking Image Manipulation Localization by Vision Transformercited by 42
- 2024IMDL-BenCo: A Comprehensive Benchmark and Codebase for Image Manipulation Detection & Localizationcited by 42
- 2023Explicit Visual Prompting for Universal Foreground Segmentationscited by 17
- 2024DeCLIP: Decoding CLIP representations for deepfake localizationcited by 17
- 2024Exploring Multi-view Pixel Contrast for General and Robust Image Forgery Localizationcited by 15
- 2022CFL-Net: Image Forgery Localization Using Contrastive Learningcited by 12
- 2023Multi-spectral Class Center Network for Face Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 11
- 2025M2SFormer: Multi-Spectral and Multi-Scale Attention with Edge-Aware Difficulty Guidance for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 6
- 2022ReLoc: A Restoration-Assisted Framework for Robust Image Tampering Localizationcited by 5
- 2023TrainFors: A Large Benchmark Training Dataset for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 5
- 2023Progressive Feedback-Enhanced Transformer for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 4
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026SegWave: Wavelet-Driven Segmentation of Tampered Regions31 Aug 2026
- 2026GAP-SAM: A Global Artifact Prior for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Manipulation Localization21 Aug 2026
- 2026SARIF: Segment Anything for Robust Image Forensics19 Jun 2026
- 2025VAAS: Vision-Attention Anomaly Scoring for Image Manipulation Detection in Digital Forensics17 Dec 2025
- 2025Dual-Branch Convolutional Framework for Spatial and Frequency-Based Image Forgery Detection5 Sep 2025
- 2025SAMwave: Wavelet-Driven Feature Enrichment for Effective Adaptation of Segment Anything Model27 Jul 2025
- 2025M2SFormer: Multi-Spectral and Multi-Scale Attention with Edge-Aware Difficulty Guidance for Image Forgery Localization26 Jun 2025
- 2024HRGR: Enhancing Image Manipulation Detection via Hierarchical Region-aware Graph Reasoning29 Oct 2024
- 2024DeCLIP: Decoding CLIP representations for deepfake localization12 Sep 2024
- 2024A Noise and Edge extraction-based dual-branch method for Shallowfake and Deepfake Localization2 Sep 2024
- 2024M^3:Manipulation Mask Manufacturer for Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution Mask4 Jul 2024
- 2024Exploring Multi-view Pixel Contrast for General and Robust Image Forgery Localization19 Jun 2024
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)