Fairness Through Computationally-Bounded Awareness
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Abstract (arXiv)
We study the problem of fair classification within the versatile framework of Dwork et al. [ITCS '12], which assumes the existence of a metric that measures similarity between pairs of individuals. Unlike earlier work, we do not assume that the entire metric is known to the learning algorithm; instead, the learner can query this arbitrary metric a bounded number of times. We propose a new notion of fairness called metric multifairness and show how to achieve this notion in our setting. Metric multifairness is parameterized by a similarity metric d on pairs of individuals to classify and a rich collection cal C of (possibly overlapping) "comparison sets" over pairs of individuals. At a high level, metric multifairness guarantees that similar subpopulations are treated similarly, as long as these subpopulations are identified within the class cal C.
Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Mar 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2020: 1; 2021: 12; 2022: 18; 2023: 6; 2024: 8; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.
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- 2020Aligning AI With Shared Human Valuescited by 706
- 2021Trustworthy AI: From Principles to Practicescited by 206
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models for Healthcare: from Data, Technology, and Applications to Accountability and Ethicscited by 162
- 2022Bias Mitigation for Machine Learning Classifiers: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 125
- 2021Trustworthy AI: A Computational Perspectivecited by 93
- 2022Fairness in Graph Mining: A Surveycited by 76
- 2022Practical Adversarial Multivalid Conformal Predictioncited by 65
- 2021Online Multivalid Learning: Means, Moments, and Prediction Intervalscited by 48
- 2022Low-Degree Multicalibrationcited by 44
- 2023A Survey on Intersectional Fairness in Machine Learning: Notions, Mitigation, and Challengescited by 41
- 2021Fairness for Unobserved Characteristics: Insights from Technological Impacts on Queer Communitiescited by 40
- 2022Making Decisions under Outcome Performativitycited by 32
38 more
- 2021A Sociotechnical View of Algorithmic Fairnesscited by 24
- 2021Algorithm Fairness in AI for Medicine and Healthcarecited by 21
- 2022A Survey on Fairness for Machine Learning on Graphscited by 20
- 2022What-is and How-to for Fairness in Machine Learning: A Survey, Reflection, and Perspectivecited by 18
- 2021Modeling Techniques for Machine Learning Fairness: A Surveycited by 17
- 2022Omnipredictors for Constrained Optimizationcited by 14
- 2021Through the Data Management Lens: Experimental Analysis and Evaluation of Fair Classificationcited by 13
- 2021Individually Fair Gradient Boostingcited by 12
- 2021Beyond "Fairness:" Structural (In)justice Lenses on AI for Educationcited by 12
- 2022Input-agnostic Certified Group Fairness via Gaussian Parameter Smoothingcited by 11
- 2022A Human-Centric Take on Model Monitoringcited by 9
- 2022Survey on Fairness Notions and Related Tensionscited by 9
- 2023Fair Classifiers that Abstain without Harmcited by 8
- 2024What Constitutes a Less Discriminatory Algorithm?cited by 8
- 2021Fair Representations by Compressioncited by 7
- 2023Toward Operationalizing Pipeline-aware ML Fairness: A Research Agenda for Developing Practical Guidelines and Toolscited by 7
- 2024FairEHR-CLP: Towards Fairness-Aware Clinical Predictions with Contrastive Learning in Multimodal Electronic Health Recordscited by 6
- 2022Individually Fair Learning with One-Sided Feedbackcited by 5
- 2023Fairness in Matching under Uncertaintycited by 5
- 2024What is Fair? Defining Fairness in Machine Learning for Healthcited by 5
- 2022Fast Feature Selection with Fairness Constraintscited by 4
- 2022Manifestations of Xenophobia in AI Systemscited by 4
- 2023Causal Adversarial Perturbations for Individual Fairness and Robustness in Heterogeneous Data Spacescited by 4
- 2024Distribution-Specific Auditing For Subgroup Fairnesscited by 4
- 2024Diversity-aware clustering: Computational Complexity and Approximation Algorithmscited by 3
- 2024Monotone Individual Fairnesscited by 3
- 2025A Design Framework for operationalizing Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Requirements, Tradeoffs and Challenges for its Clinical Adoptioncited by 3
- 2022Metric-Fair Classifier Derandomizationcited by 2
- 2024Learning Fairer Representations with FairVICcited by 2
- 2024Improving Fairness in Credit Lending Models using Subgroup Threshold Optimizationcited by 1
- 2021Non-Comparative Fairness for Human-Auditing and Its Relation to Traditional Fairness Notionscited by 0
- 2022Repairing Group-Level Errors for DNNs Using Weighted Regularizationcited by 0
- 2022On Disentangled and Locally Fair Representationscited by 0
- 2022Comparing Apples to Oranges: Learning Similarity Functions for Data Produced by Different Distributionscited by 0
- 2025General Post-Processing Framework for Fairness Adjustment of Machine Learning Modelscited by 0
- 2025The Fair Game: Auditing & Debiasing AI Algorithms Over Timecited by 0
- 2025Controllable Pareto Trade-off between Fairness and Accuracycited by 0
- 2025Happiness as a Measure of Fairnesscited by 0
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026Fairness in multi-class multi-group classification problems via contextial coherent risk measures31 Aug 2026
- 2026A Geometric Theory of Robust Fairness Audits25 Aug 2026
- 2026Near-Optimal Cryptographic Hardness of Learning With Homogeneous Halfspaces Under Gaussian Marginals29 Apr 2026
- 2026Representation Fidelity:Auditing Algorithmic Decisions About Humans Using Self-Descriptions5 Mar 2026
- 2025FairExpand: Individual Fairness on Graphs with Partial Similarity Information20 Dec 2025
- 2025Happiness as a Measure of Fairness2 Nov 2025
- 2025Controllable Pareto Trade-off between Fairness and Accuracy17 Sep 2025
- 2025The Fair Game: Auditing & Debiasing AI Algorithms Over Time8 Aug 2025
- 2025A Design Framework for operationalizing Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Requirements, Tradeoffs and Challenges for its Clinical Adoption27 Apr 2025
- 2025General Post-Processing Framework for Fairness Adjustment of Machine Learning Models22 Apr 2025
- 2024What Constitutes a Less Discriminatory Algorithm?24 Dec 2024
- 2024What is Fair? Defining Fairness in Machine Learning for Health13 Jun 2024
38 more
- 2024Learning Fairer Representations with FairVIC28 Apr 2024
- 2024Improving Fairness in Credit Lending Models using Subgroup Threshold Optimization15 Mar 2024
- 2024Monotone Individual Fairness11 Mar 2024
- 2024FairEHR-CLP: Towards Fairness-Aware Clinical Predictions with Contrastive Learning in Multimodal Electronic Health Records1 Feb 2024
- 2024Distribution-Specific Auditing For Subgroup Fairness27 Jan 2024
- 2024Diversity-aware clustering: Computational Complexity and Approximation Algorithms10 Jan 2024
- 2023Fair Classifiers that Abstain without Harm9 Oct 2023
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models for Healthcare: from Data, Technology, and Applications to Accountability and Ethics9 Oct 2023
- 2023Toward Operationalizing Pipeline-aware ML Fairness: A Research Agenda for Developing Practical Guidelines and Tools29 Sep 2023
- 2023Causal Adversarial Perturbations for Individual Fairness and Robustness in Heterogeneous Data Spaces17 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey on Intersectional Fairness in Machine Learning: Notions, Mitigation, and Challenges11 May 2023
- 2023Fairness in Matching under Uncertainty8 Feb 2023
- 2022Manifestations of Xenophobia in AI Systems15 Dec 2022
- 2022Making Decisions under Outcome Performativity4 Oct 2022
- 2022Survey on Fairness Notions and Related Tensions16 Sep 2022
- 2022Omnipredictors for Constrained Optimization15 Sep 2022
- 2022Comparing Apples to Oranges: Learning Similarity Functions for Data Produced by Different Distributions26 Aug 2022
- 2022Bias Mitigation for Machine Learning Classifiers: A Comprehensive Survey14 Jul 2022
- 2022Input-agnostic Certified Group Fairness via Gaussian Parameter Smoothing22 Jun 2022
- 2022Metric-Fair Classifier Derandomization15 Jun 2022
- 2022Individually Fair Learning with One-Sided Feedback9 Jun 2022
- 2022What-is and How-to for Fairness in Machine Learning: A Survey, Reflection, and Perspective8 Jun 2022
- 2022A Human-Centric Take on Model Monitoring6 Jun 2022
- 2022Practical Adversarial Multivalid Conformal Prediction2 Jun 2022
- 2022A Survey on Fairness for Machine Learning on Graphs11 May 2022
- 2022On Disentangled and Locally Fair Representations5 May 2022
- 2022Fairness in Graph Mining: A Survey21 Apr 2022
- 2022Repairing Group-Level Errors for DNNs Using Weighted Regularization24 Mar 2022
- 2022Low-Degree Multicalibration2 Mar 2022
- 2022Fast Feature Selection with Fairness Constraints28 Feb 2022
- 2021Modeling Techniques for Machine Learning Fairness: A Survey4 Nov 2021
- 2021Trustworthy AI: From Principles to Practices4 Oct 2021
- 2021Algorithm Fairness in AI for Medicine and Healthcare1 Oct 2021
- 2021A Sociotechnical View of Algorithmic Fairness27 Sep 2021
- 2021Trustworthy AI: A Computational Perspective12 Jul 2021
- 2021Non-Comparative Fairness for Human-Auditing and Its Relation to Traditional Fairness Notions29 Jun 2021
- 2021Fair Representations by Compression28 May 2021
- 2021Beyond "Fairness:" Structural (In)justice Lenses on AI for Education18 May 2021
50 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2020Aligning AI With Shared Human Valuescited by 706
- 2020Aligning AI With Shared Human Values5 Aug 2020
- 2021Trustworthy AI: From Principles to Practicescited by 206
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Models for Healthcare: from Data, Technology, and Applications to Accountability and Ethicscited by 162
- 2022Bias Mitigation for Machine Learning Classifiers: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 125
- 2021Trustworthy AI: A Computational Perspectivecited by 93
- 2022Fairness in Graph Mining: A Surveycited by 76
- 2022Practical Adversarial Multivalid Conformal Predictioncited by 65
- 2021Online Multivalid Learning: Means, Moments, and Prediction Intervalscited by 48
- 2022Low-Degree Multicalibrationcited by 44
- 2023A Survey on Intersectional Fairness in Machine Learning: Notions, Mitigation, and Challengescited by 41
- 2021Fairness for Unobserved Characteristics: Insights from Technological Impacts on Queer Communitiescited by 40
- 2022Making Decisions under Outcome Performativitycited by 32
- 2021A Sociotechnical View of Algorithmic Fairnesscited by 24
12 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2026Fairness in multi-class multi-group classification problems via contextial coherent risk measures31 Aug 2026
- 2026A Geometric Theory of Robust Fairness Audits25 Aug 2026
- 2026Near-Optimal Cryptographic Hardness of Learning With Homogeneous Halfspaces Under Gaussian Marginals29 Apr 2026
- 2026Representation Fidelity:Auditing Algorithmic Decisions About Humans Using Self-Descriptions5 Mar 2026
- 2025FairExpand: Individual Fairness on Graphs with Partial Similarity Information20 Dec 2025
- 2025Happiness as a Measure of Fairness2 Nov 2025
- 2025Controllable Pareto Trade-off between Fairness and Accuracy17 Sep 2025
- 2025The Fair Game: Auditing & Debiasing AI Algorithms Over Time8 Aug 2025
- 2025A Design Framework for operationalizing Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Requirements, Tradeoffs and Challenges for its Clinical Adoption27 Apr 2025
- 2025General Post-Processing Framework for Fairness Adjustment of Machine Learning Models22 Apr 2025
- 2024What Constitutes a Less Discriminatory Algorithm?24 Dec 2024
- 2024What is Fair? Defining Fairness in Machine Learning for Health13 Jun 2024
12 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)