mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Mask is All You Need: Rethinking Mask R-CNN for Dense and Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detection

arXiv 2109.03426 ↗First posted 8 Sep 2021cs.CVcited by 23

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Due to the large success in object detection and instance segmentation, Mask R-CNN attracts great attention and is widely adopted as a strong baseline for arbitrary-shaped scene text detection and spotting. However, two issues remain to be settled. The first is dense text case, which is easy to be neglected but quite practical. There may exist multiple instances in one proposal, which makes it difficult for the mask head to distinguish different instances and degrades the performance. In this work, we argue that the performance degradation results from the learning confusion issue in the mask head. We propose to use an MLP decoder instead of the "deconv-conv" decoder in the mask head, which alleviates the issue and promotes robustness significantly. And we propose instance-aware mask learning in which the mask head learns to predict the shape of the whole instance rather than classify each pixel to text or non-text. With instance-aware mask learning, the mask branch can learn separated and compact masks. The second is that due to large variations in scale and aspect ratio, RPN needs complicated anchor settings, making it hard to maintain and transfer across different datasets. To settle this issue, we propose an adaptive label assignment in which all instances especially those with extreme aspect ratios are guaranteed to be associated with enough anchors. Equipped with these components, the proposed method named MAYOR achieves state-of-the-art performance on five benchmarks including DAST1500, MSRA-TD500, ICDAR2015, CTW1500, and Total-Text.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 59 of its 76 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Sep 2021.

Builds on

59 of 76 references.

References · 59

  1. 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
  2. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  3. 2016Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detectioncited by 5,021
  4. 2014Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentationcited by 4,845
  5. 2015Fast R-CNNcited by 2,930
  6. 2016Synthetic Data for Text Localisation in Natural Imagescited by 396
  7. 2019Character Region Awareness for Text Detectioncited by 273
  8. 2017EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detectorcited by 248
  9. 2019Real-time Scene Text Detection with Differentiable Binarizationcited by 212
  10. 2017Arbitrary-Oriented Scene Text Detection via Rotation Proposalscited by 176
  11. 2019Mask TextSpotter: An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Spotting Text with Arbitrary Shapescited by 171
  12. 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
38 more
  1. 2017Total-Text: A Comprehensive Dataset for Scene Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 161
  2. 2019Shape Robust Text Detection with Progressive Scale Expansion Networkcited by 147
  3. 2018TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detectorcited by 119
  4. 2020SEED: Semantics Enhanced Encoder-Decoder Framework for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 119
  5. 2018TextSnake: A Flexible Representation for Detecting Text of Arbitrary Shapescited by 114
  6. 2019Efficient and Accurate Arbitrary-Shaped Text Detection with Pixel Aggregation Networkcited by 114
  7. 2020Mask TextSpotter v3: Segmentation Proposal Network for Robust Scene Text Spottingcited by 114
  8. 2017ICDAR2017 Competition on Reading Chinese Text in the Wild (RCTW-17)cited by 103
  9. 2020Video Playback Rate Perception for Self-supervisedSpatio-Temporal Representation Learningcited by 103
  10. 2019FreeAnchor: Learning to Match Anchors for Visual Object Detectioncited by 90
  11. 2018Rotation-Sensitive Regression for Oriented Scene Text Detectioncited by 88
  12. 2016Detecting Text in Natural Image with Connectionist Text Proposal Networkcited by 85
  13. 2017Detecting Oriented Text in Natural Images by Linking Segmentscited by 80
  14. 2020Video Cloze Procedure for Self-Supervised Spatio-Temporal Learningcited by 80
  15. 2020Deep Relational Reasoning Graph Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detectioncited by 77
  16. 2020ContourNet: Taking a Further Step toward Accurate Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 69
  17. 2019Look More Than Once: An Accurate Detector for Text of Arbitrary Shapescited by 66
  18. 2018PixelLink: Detecting Scene Text via Instance Segmentationcited by 60
  19. 2020Detection in Crowded Scenes: One Proposal, Multiple Predictionscited by 59
  20. 2019Towards Unconstrained End-to-End Text Spottingcited by 57
  21. 2018TextField: Learning A Deep Direction Field for Irregular Scene Text Detectioncited by 50
  22. 2019Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Detection with Adaptive Text Region Representationcited by 45
  23. 2018Multi-Oriented Scene Text Detection via Corner Localization and Region Segmentationcited by 42
  24. 2017Deep Direct Regression for Multi-Oriented Scene Text Detectioncited by 37
  25. 2020TextRay: Contour-based Geometric Modeling for Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 37
  26. 2021Multi-View Correlation Distillation for Incremental Object Detectioncited by 36
  27. 2019MSR: Multi-Scale Shape Regression for Scene Text Detectioncited by 35
  28. 2018Scene Text Detection with Supervised Pyramid Context Networkcited by 34
  29. 2017Deep Matching Prior Network: Toward Tighter Multi-oriented Text Detectioncited by 31
  30. 2017Single Shot Text Detector with Regional Attentioncited by 31
  31. 2019Omnidirectional Scene Text Detection with Sequential-free Box Discretizationcited by 26
  32. 2018Accurate Scene Text Detection through Border Semantics Awareness and Bootstrappingcited by 20
  33. 2020ReLaText: Exploiting Visual Relationships for Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detection with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 20
  34. 2018Learning Markov Clustering Networks for Scene Text Detectioncited by 17
  35. 2019Towards Robust Curve Text Detection with Conditional Spatial Expansioncited by 16
  36. 2019A Single-Shot Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Detector based on Context Attended Multi-Task Learningcited by 12
  37. 2019Curved Text Detection in Natural Scene Images with Semi- and Weakly-Supervised Learningcited by 11
  38. 2020Self-Training for Domain Adaptive Scene Text Detectioncited by 11

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 6; 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

23 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023Improving Diffusion Models for Scene Text Editing with Dual Encoderscited by 44
  2. 2022Exploring Stroke-Level Modifications for Scene Text Editingcited by 36
  3. 2022GLASS: Global to Local Attention for Scene-Text Spottingcited by 34
  4. 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representationcited by 26
  5. 2024First Creating Backgrounds Then Rendering Texts: A New Paradigm for Visual Text Blendingcited by 16
  6. 2023Towards Robust Real-Time Scene Text Detection: From Semantic to Instance Representation Learningcited by 12
  7. 2023Bridging Synthetic and Real Worlds for Pre-training Scene Text Detectorscited by 9
  8. 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spottingcited by 7
  9. 2023FASTER: A Font-Agnostic Scene Text Editing and Rendering Frameworkcited by 6
  10. 2024Focus, Distinguish, and Prompt: Unleashing CLIP for Efficient and Flexible Scene Text Retrievalcited by 6
  11. 2025Linguistics-aware Masked Image Modeling for Self-supervised Scene Text Recognitioncited by 6
  12. 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Modelcited by 5
11 more
  1. 2025Towards Natural Language-Based Document Image Retrieval: New Dataset and Benchmarkcited by 5
  2. 2024ChartEye: A Deep Learning Framework for Chart Information Extractioncited by 4
  3. 2023PBFormer: Capturing Complex Scene Text Shape with Polynomial Band Transformercited by 3
  4. 2021A New Multifractal-based Deep Learning Model for Text Miningcited by 2
  5. 2022UNITS: Unsupervised Intermediate Training Stage for Scene Text Detectioncited by 2
  6. 2022E2FIF: Push the limit of Binarized Deep Imagery Super-resolution using End-to-end Full-precision Information Flowcited by 2
  7. 2022A new hazard event classification model via deep learning and multifractalcited by 2
  8. 2023Self-supervised Scene Text Segmentation with Object-centric Layered Representations Augmented by Text Regionscited by 1
  9. 2022Aggregated Text Transformer for Scene Text Detectioncited by 0
  10. 2024LOGO: Video Text Spotting with Language Collaboration and Glyph Perception Modelcited by 0
  11. 2026Towards Training-Free Scene Text Editingcited by 0