Deep Active Learning over the Long Tail
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper is concerned with pool-based active learning for deep neural networks. Motivated by coreset dataset compression ideas, we present a novel active learning algorithm that queries consecutive points from the pool using farthest-first traversals in the space of neural activation over a representation layer. We show consistent and overwhelming improvement in sample complexity over passive learning (random sampling) for three datasets: MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100. In addition, our algorithm outperforms the traditional uncertainty sampling technique (obtained using softmax activations), and we identify cases where uncertainty sampling is only slightly better than random sampling.
Key facts. Cited by 84 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Nov 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 21; 2023: 20; 2024: 22; 2025: 7; 2026: 8.
84 papers.
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- 2021Active Learning by Acquiring Contrastive Examplescited by 156
- 2022Active Learning on a Budget: Opposite Strategies Suit High and Low Budgetscited by 133
- 2022A Comparative Survey of Deep Active Learningcited by 89
- 2021Gone Fishing: Neural Active Learning with Fisher Embeddingscited by 88
- 2022Active Learning Through a Covering Lenscited by 66
- 2024Automatic Data Curation for Self-Supervised Learning: A Clustering-Based Approachcited by 50
- 2022A Framework and Benchmark for Deep Batch Active Learning for Regressioncited by 49
- 2022A Survey of Active Learning for Natural Language Processingcited by 40
- 2022GALAXY: Graph-based Active Learning at the Extremecited by 29
- 2021Cartography Active Learningcited by 26
- 2022A Lagrangian Duality Approach to Active Learningcited by 24
- 2022ALLSH: Active Learning Guided by Local Sensitivity and Hardnesscited by 23
38 more
- 2024An Experimental Design Framework for Label-Efficient Supervised Finetuning of Large Language Modelscited by 23
- 2023Multi-Resolution Active Learning of Fourier Neural Operatorscited by 22
- 2024Active Learning for Neural PDE Solverscited by 22
- 2022Batch Multi-Fidelity Active Learning with Budget Constraintscited by 20
- 2023ScatterShot: Interactive In-context Example Curation for Text Transformationcited by 20
- 2023Streaming Active Learning with Deep Neural Networkscited by 20
- 2023On the Effectiveness of Out-of-Distribution Data in Self-Supervised Long-Tail Learningcited by 20
- 2025From Selection to Generation: A Survey of LLM-based Active Learningcited by 19
- 2023Algorithm Selection for Deep Active Learning with Imbalanced Datasetscited by 18
- 2022Active Learning Strategies for Weakly-supervised Object Detectioncited by 17
- 2023Hierarchical Visual Primitive Experts for Compositional Zero-Shot Learningcited by 16
- 2022Federated Active Learning (F-AL): an Efficient Annotation Strategy for Federated Learningcited by 14
- 2023Re-thinking Federated Active Learning based on Inter-class Diversitycited by 14
- 2023Black-Box Batch Active Learning for Regressioncited by 12
- 2023Towards Distribution-Agnostic Generalized Category Discoverycited by 12
- 2023Gaussian Switch Sampling: A Second Order Approach to Active Learningcited by 10
- 2024Generative Active Learning for Long-tailed Instance Segmentationcited by 10
- 2023On the Limitations of Simulating Active Learningcited by 9
- 2023FOCAL: A Cost-Aware Video Dataset for Active Learningcited by 9
- 2023Improved Algorithm for Deep Active Learning under Imbalance via Optimal Separationcited by 8
- 2022A Survey on AI Sustainability: Emerging Trends on Learning Algorithms and Research Challengescited by 7
- 2022Deep Active Learning for Computer Vision: Past and Futurecited by 7
- 2024Advancing Deep Active Learning & Data Subset Selection: Unifying Principles with Information-Theory Intuitionscited by 7
- 2024AHA: Human-Assisted Out-of-Distribution Generalization and Detectioncited by 7
- 2022Neural Design for Genetic Perturbation Experimentscited by 6
- 2023You Never Get a Second Chance To Make a Good First Impression: Seeding Active Learning for 3D Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
- 2026When Self-Belief Misleads: Active Label Acquisition for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewardscited by 6
- 2021Active Learning of Neural Collision Handler for Complex 3D Mesh Deformationscited by 5
- 2022Neural Active Learning on Heteroskedastic Distributionscited by 5
- 2022A Federated Approach to Predicting Emojis in Hindi Tweetscited by 5
- 2023FedABC: Targeting Fair Competition in Personalized Federated Learningcited by 5
- 2023Deep Active Learning in the Presence of Label Noise: A Surveycited by 5
- 2023Alleviating the Long-Tail Problem in Conversational Recommender Systemscited by 5
- 2024Cost-Effective Proxy Reward Model Construction with On-Policy and Active Learningcited by 5
- 2024Deep Active Learning in the Open Worldcited by 5
- 2024Generative Active Learning for Image Synthesis Personalizationcited by 4
- 2024Feasibility Study on Active Learning of Smart Surrogates for Scientific Simulationscited by 4
- 2025Revisiting Automatic Data Curation for Vision Foundation Models in Digital Pathologycited by 4
50 most cited of 84 All 84 (JSON)
- 2026Active Learning for Finding a Needle in a Haystack10 Oct 2026
- 2026Multi-Level Analyzation of Imbalance to Resolve Non-IID-Ness in Federated Learning8 Jun 2026
- 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance30 May 2026
- 2026When Self-Belief Misleads: Active Label Acquisition for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards25 May 2026
- 2026Cumulative Meta-Learning from Active Learning Queries for Robustness to Spurious Correlations20 May 2026
- 2026Are Candidate Models Really Needed for Active Learning?14 May 2026
- 2026Learn More with Less: Uncertainty Consistency Guided Query Selection for RLVR30 Jan 2026
- 2026From Cold Start to Active Learning: Embedding-Based Scan Selection for Medical Image Segmentation26 Jan 2026
- 2025Calibrated Uncertainty Sampling for Active Learning3 Oct 2025
- 2025Data-Efficient Stream-Based Active Distillation for Scalable Edge Model Deployment24 Sep 2025
- 2025Active Learning for Multi-class Image Classification11 May 2025
- 2025FAST: Federated Active Learning with Foundation Models for Communication-efficient Sampling and Training3 Apr 2025
38 more
- 2025Revisiting Automatic Data Curation for Vision Foundation Models in Digital Pathology24 Mar 2025
- 2025From Selection to Generation: A Survey of LLM-based Active Learning17 Feb 2025
- 2025Efficient and Responsible Adaptation of Large Language Models for Robust and Equitable Top-k Recommendations8 Jan 2025
- 2024COBRA: COmBinatorial Retrieval Augmentation for Few-Shot Adaptation23 Dec 2024
- 2024Enhancing Skin Lesion Classification Generalization with Active Domain Adaptation1 Dec 2024
- 2024Targeting Negative Flips in Active Learning using Validation Sets16 Nov 2024
- 2024Deep Active Learning in the Open World10 Nov 2024
- 2024AHA: Human-Assisted Out-of-Distribution Generalization and Detection10 Oct 2024
- 2024AL-GTD: Deep Active Learning for Gaze Target Detection27 Sep 2024
- 2024Understanding Uncertainty-based Active Learning Under Model Mismatch24 Aug 2024
- 2024Active Learning for Neural PDE Solvers2 Aug 2024
- 2024Feasibility Study on Active Learning of Smart Surrogates for Scientific Simulations10 Jul 2024
- 2024Cost-Effective Proxy Reward Model Construction with On-Policy and Active Learning2 Jul 2024
- 2024Generative Active Learning for Long-tailed Instance Segmentation4 Jun 2024
- 2024Effective Data Selection for Seismic Interpretation through Disagreement1 Jun 2024
- 2024Automatic Data Curation for Self-Supervised Learning: A Clustering-Based Approach24 May 2024
- 2024Experimental Design for Active Transductive Inference in Large Language Models12 Apr 2024
- 2024Generative Active Learning for Image Synthesis Personalization22 Mar 2024
- 2024HEAL: Brain-inspired Hyperdimensional Efficient Active Learning17 Feb 2024
- 2024Active Few-Shot Fine-Tuning13 Feb 2024
- 2024Composite Active Learning: Towards Multi-Domain Active Learning with Theoretical Guarantees3 Feb 2024
- 2024An Experimental Design Framework for Label-Efficient Supervised Finetuning of Large Language Models12 Jan 2024
- 2024D3GU: Multi-Target Active Domain Adaptation via Enhancing Domain Alignment10 Jan 2024
- 2024Advancing Deep Active Learning & Data Subset Selection: Unifying Principles with Information-Theory Intuitions9 Jan 2024
- 2024Synthetic Information towards Maximum Posterior Ratio for deep learning on Imbalanced Data5 Jan 2024
- 2023Improved Algorithm for Deep Active Learning under Imbalance via Optimal Separation14 Dec 2023
- 2023Benchmarking of Query Strategies: Towards Future Deep Active Learning10 Dec 2023
- 2023FOCAL: A Cost-Aware Video Dataset for Active Learning17 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards Distribution-Agnostic Generalized Category Discovery2 Oct 2023
- 2023Multi-Resolution Active Learning of Fourier Neural Operators29 Sep 2023
- 2023Hierarchical Visual Primitive Experts for Compositional Zero-Shot Learning8 Aug 2023
- 2023Alleviating the Long-Tail Problem in Conversational Recommender Systems21 Jul 2023
- 2023On the Effectiveness of Out-of-Distribution Data in Self-Supervised Long-Tail Learning8 Jun 2023
- 2023Deep Active Learning with Structured Neural Depth Search5 Jun 2023
- 2023On the Limitations of Simulating Active Learning21 May 2023
- 2023You Never Get a Second Chance To Make a Good First Impression: Seeding Active Learning for 3D Semantic Segmentation23 Apr 2023
- 2023Re-thinking Federated Active Learning based on Inter-class Diversity22 Mar 2023
- 2023Streaming Active Learning with Deep Neural Networks5 Mar 2023
50 newest of 84 All 84 (JSON)
- 2021Active Learning by Acquiring Contrastive Examplescited by 156
- 2022Active Learning on a Budget: Opposite Strategies Suit High and Low Budgetscited by 133
- 2022A Comparative Survey of Deep Active Learningcited by 89
- 2021Gone Fishing: Neural Active Learning with Fisher Embeddingscited by 88
- 2022Active Learning Through a Covering Lenscited by 66
- 2024Automatic Data Curation for Self-Supervised Learning: A Clustering-Based Approachcited by 50
- 2022A Framework and Benchmark for Deep Batch Active Learning for Regressioncited by 49
- 2022A Survey of Active Learning for Natural Language Processingcited by 40
- 2022GALAXY: Graph-based Active Learning at the Extremecited by 29
- 2021Cartography Active Learningcited by 26
- 2022A Lagrangian Duality Approach to Active Learningcited by 24
- 2022ALLSH: Active Learning Guided by Local Sensitivity and Hardnesscited by 23
12 most cited of 81 All 81 (JSON)
- 2026Active Learning for Finding a Needle in a Haystack10 Oct 2026
- 2026Multi-Level Analyzation of Imbalance to Resolve Non-IID-Ness in Federated Learning8 Jun 2026
- 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance30 May 2026
- 2026Cumulative Meta-Learning from Active Learning Queries for Robustness to Spurious Correlations20 May 2026
- 2026Are Candidate Models Really Needed for Active Learning?14 May 2026
- 2026From Cold Start to Active Learning: Embedding-Based Scan Selection for Medical Image Segmentation26 Jan 2026
- 2025Calibrated Uncertainty Sampling for Active Learning3 Oct 2025
- 2025Data-Efficient Stream-Based Active Distillation for Scalable Edge Model Deployment24 Sep 2025
- 2025Active Learning for Multi-class Image Classification11 May 2025
- 2025FAST: Federated Active Learning with Foundation Models for Communication-efficient Sampling and Training3 Apr 2025
- 2025Revisiting Automatic Data Curation for Vision Foundation Models in Digital Pathology24 Mar 2025
- 2025From Selection to Generation: A Survey of LLM-based Active Learning17 Feb 2025
12 newest of 81 All 81 (JSON)