DEEPAMBIGQA: Ambiguous Multi-hop Questions for Benchmarking LLM Answer Completeness
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) with integrated search tools show strong promise in open-domain question answering (QA), yet they often struggle to produce complete answer set to complex questions such as Which actor from the film Heat won at least one Academy Award?, which requires (1) distinguishing between multiple films sharing the same title and (2) reasoning across a large set of actors to gather and integrate evidence. Existing QA benchmarks rarely evaluate both challenges jointly. To address this, we introduce DeepAmbigQAGen, an automatic data generation pipeline that constructs QA tasks grounded in text corpora and linked knowledge graph, generating natural and verifiable questions that systematically embed name ambiguity and multi-step reasoning. Based on this, we build DeepAmbigQA, a dataset of 3,600 questions requiring multi-hop reasoning and half of them explicit name ambiguity resolving. Experiments reveal that, even state-of-the-art GPT-5 show incomplete answers, achieving only 0.13 exact match on ambiguous questions and 0.21 on non-ambiguous questions. These findings highlight the need for more robust QA systems aimed at information gathering and answer completeness.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Nov 2025.
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15 of 25 references.
References · 15
- 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,686
- 2025Search-R1: Training LLMs to Reason and Leverage Search Engines with Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,371
- 2020Constructing A Multi-hop QA Dataset for Comprehensive Evaluation of Reasoning Stepscited by 1,259
- 2018The Web as a Knowledge-base for Answering Complex Questionscited by 409
- 2020AmbigQA: Answering Ambiguous Open-domain Questionscited by 385
- 2019Measuring Compositional Generalization: A Comprehensive Method on Realistic Datacited by 280
- 2022ASQA: Factoid Questions Meet Long-Form Answerscited by 231
- 2017Variational Reasoning for Question Answering with Knowledge Graphcited by 170
- 2020Beyond I.I.D.: Three Levels of Generalization for Question Answering on Knowledge Basescited by 169
- 2024FlashRAG: A Modular Toolkit for Efficient Retrieval-Augmented Generation Researchcited by 165
- 2020KQA Pro: A Dataset with Explicit Compositional Programs for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Basecited by 76
- 2025ResearchQA: Evaluating Scholarly Question Answering at Scale Across 75 Fields with Survey-Mined Questions and Rubricscited by 44
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.
6 papers.
- 2026Over-Searching in Search-Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 10
- 2026DeepResearch-9K: A Challenging Benchmark Dataset of Deep-Research Agentcited by 8
- 2026When Search Agents Should Ask: DiscoBench for Clarification-Aware Deep Searchcited by 1
- 2026Magic, Madness, Heaven, Sin: LLM Output Diversity is Everything, Everywhere, All at Oncecited by 0
- 2026Navigating the Clutter: Waypoint-Based Bi-Level Planning for Multi-Robot Systemscited by 0
- 2026Automating Multi-Hop RAG Evaluation via TRIAD: From Context Extraction to Validated Dataset Generationcited by 0
- 2026Automating Multi-Hop RAG Evaluation via TRIAD: From Context Extraction to Validated Dataset Generation21 Aug 2026
- 2026When Search Agents Should Ask: DiscoBench for Clarification-Aware Deep Search26 Jun 2026
- 2026Navigating the Clutter: Waypoint-Based Bi-Level Planning for Multi-Robot Systems22 Apr 2026
- 2026Magic, Madness, Heaven, Sin: LLM Output Diversity is Everything, Everywhere, All at Once2 Apr 2026
- 2026DeepResearch-9K: A Challenging Benchmark Dataset of Deep-Research Agent1 Mar 2026
- 2026Over-Searching in Search-Augmented Large Language Models9 Jan 2026
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- 2024MINTQA: A Multi-Hop Question Answering Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on New and Tail Knowledge
- 2024FanOutQA: A Multi-Hop, Multi-Document Question Answering Benchmark for Large Language Models
- 2025StepChain GraphRAG: Reasoning Over Knowledge Graphs for Multi-Hop Question Answering
- 2025KG-o1: Enhancing Multi-hop Question Answering in Large Language Models via Knowledge Graph Integration
- 2023Tree of Clarifications: Answering Ambiguous Questions with Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models
- 2023Multimodal Multi-Hop Question Answering Through a Conversation Between Tools and Efficiently Finetuned Large Language Models
- 2022UniKGQA: Unified Retrieval and Reasoning for Solving Multi-hop Question Answering Over Knowledge Graph
- 2026Omanic: Towards Step-wise Evaluation of Multi-hop Reasoning in Large Language Models