Learning to Synthesize a 4D RGBD Light Field from a Single Image
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a machine learning algorithm that takes as input a 2D RGB image and synthesizes a 4D RGBD light field (color and depth of the scene in each ray direction). For training, we introduce the largest public light field dataset, consisting of over 3300 plenoptic camera light fields of scenes containing flowers and plants. Our synthesis pipeline consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates scene geometry, a stage that renders a Lambertian light field using that geometry, and a second CNN that predicts occluded rays and non-Lambertian effects. Our algorithm builds on recent view synthesis methods, but is unique in predicting RGBD for each light field ray and improving unsupervised single image depth estimation by enforcing consistency of ray depths that should intersect the same scene point. Please see our supplementary video at https://youtu.be/yLCvWoQLnms
Key facts. Cited by 60 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Aug 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 11; 2023: 18; 2024: 6; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
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- 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 740
- 2023Make-It-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Creation from A Single Image with Diffusion Priorcited by 343
- 2021NeX: Real-time View Synthesis with Neural Basis Expansioncited by 216
- 2021InfoNeRF: Ray Entropy Minimization for Few-Shot Neural Volume Renderingcited by 182
- 2021MINE: Towards Continuous Depth MPI with NeRF for Novel View Synthesiscited by 133
- 2023Consistent View Synthesis with Pose-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 117
- 2021NeRF-VAE: A Geometry Aware 3D Scene Generative Modelcited by 112
- 2021Light Field Neural Renderingcited by 108
- 2021Geometry-Free View Synthesis: Transformers and no 3D Priorscited by 100
- 2023Real-Time Radiance Fields for Single-Image Portrait View Synthesiscited by 64
- 2022Single-View View Synthesis in the Wild with Learned Adaptive Multiplane Imagescited by 59
- 2023Cross-Ray Neural Radiance Fields for Novel-view Synthesis from Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 54
38 more
- 2021SLIDE: Single Image 3D Photography with Soft Layering and Depth-aware Inpaintingcited by 48
- 2021UnsupervisedR&R: Unsupervised Point Cloud Registration via Differentiable Renderingcited by 44
- 2025Unaligned RGB Guided Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution with Spatial-Spectral Concordancecited by 19
- 2023Hyperspectral Image Super Resolution with Real Unaligned RGB Guidancecited by 13
- 2023PCR-CG: Point Cloud Registration via Deep Explicit Color and Geometrycited by 13
- 2021Neural Relightable Participating Media Renderingcited by 12
- 2022A Survey on RGB-D Datasetscited by 11
- 2022Bridging Implicit and Explicit Geometric Transformation for Single-Image View Synthesiscited by 11
- 2023SinMPI: Novel View Synthesis from a Single Image with Expanded Multiplane Imagescited by 11
- 2021Temporal-MPI: Enabling Multi-Plane Images for Dynamic Scene Modelling via Temporal Basis Learningcited by 8
- 2023LightSpeed: Light and Fast Neural Light Fields on Mobile Devicescited by 8
- 2024UC-NeRF: Uncertainty-aware Conditional Neural Radiance Fields from Endoscopic Sparse Viewscited by 8
- 2021Recognizing Scenes from Novel Viewpointscited by 5
- 2025PolarAnything: Diffusion-based Polarimetric Image Synthesiscited by 5
- 2022Acquiring a Dynamic Light Field through a Single-Shot Coded Imagecited by 4
- 2023Single-View View Synthesis with Self-Rectified Pseudo-Stereocited by 4
- 2024CMC: Few-shot Novel View Synthesis via Cross-view Multiplane Consistencycited by 4
- 2021Learning Dynamic Interpolation for Extremely Sparse Light Fields with Wide Baselinescited by 3
- 2022Content-aware Warping for View Synthesiscited by 3
- 2023Unsupervised Light Field Depth Estimation via Multi-view Feature Matching with Occlusion Predictioncited by 3
- 2023ReShader: View-Dependent Highlights for Single Image View-Synthesiscited by 3
- 2021Learning to compose 6-DoF omnidirectional videos using multi-sphere imagescited by 2
- 2021Scale-Consistent Fusion: from Heterogeneous Local Sampling to Global Immersive Renderingcited by 2
- 2021Deep Learning based Novel View Synthesiscited by 2
- 2022Equivariant Light Field Convolution and Transformercited by 2
- 2023LoLep: Single-View View Synthesis with Locally-Learned Planes and Self-Attention Occlusion Inferencecited by 2
- 2023Anisotropic Neural Representation Learning for High-Quality Neural Renderingcited by 2
- 2024PanoDreamer: Optimization-Based Single Image to 360 3D Scene With Diffusioncited by 2
- 2021Machine learning method for light field refocusingcited by 1
- 2022Cross-Camera Deep Colorizationcited by 1
- 2022MiNL: Micro-images based Neural Representation for Light Fieldscited by 1
- 2023Single-view Neural Radiance Fields with Depth Teachercited by 1
- 2023Rethinking Directional Integration in Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 1
- 2024Sampling for View Synthesis: From Local Light Field Fusion to Neural Radiance Fields and Beyondcited by 1
- 2021A Learned Compact and Editable Light Field Representationcited by 0
- 2021FaDIV-Syn: Fast Depth-Independent View Synthesis using Soft Masks and Implicit Blendingcited by 0
- 2021Dynamic Scene Novel View Synthesis via Deferred Spatio-temporal Consistencycited by 0
- 2022Unsupervised Learning Based Focal Stack Camera Depth Estimationcited by 0
50 most cited of 60 All 60 (JSON)
- 2026STAR: Structure-aware Test-time Adaptation for diffusion-based light field Reconstruction17 Sep 2026
- 2026Mesh2GS: White-Box 3DGS Construction via Plenoptic Sampling20 Jun 2026
- 2025Inverse Image-Based Rendering for Light Field Generation from Single Images23 Oct 2025
- 2025PolarAnything: Diffusion-based Polarimetric Image Synthesis23 Jul 2025
- 2025Unaligned RGB Guided Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution with Spatial-Spectral Concordance4 May 2025
- 2024Real-Time Position-Aware View Synthesis from Single-View Input18 Dec 2024
- 2024PanoDreamer: Optimization-Based Single Image to 360 3D Scene With Diffusion6 Dec 2024
- 2024UC-NeRF: Uncertainty-aware Conditional Neural Radiance Fields from Endoscopic Sparse Views4 Sep 2024
- 2024Sampling for View Synthesis: From Local Light Field Fusion to Neural Radiance Fields and Beyond8 Aug 2024
- 2024Stereo-Knowledge Distillation from dpMV to Dual Pixels for Light Field Video Reconstruction20 May 2024
- 2024CMC: Few-shot Novel View Synthesis via Cross-view Multiplane Consistency26 Feb 2024
- 2023SinMPI: Novel View Synthesis from a Single Image with Expanded Multiplane Images18 Dec 2023
38 more
- 2023Anisotropic Neural Representation Learning for High-Quality Neural Rendering30 Nov 2023
- 2023Rethinking Directional Integration in Neural Radiance Fields28 Nov 2023
- 2023Reconstructing Continuous Light Field From Single Coded Image16 Nov 2023
- 2023LightSpeed: Light and Fast Neural Light Fields on Mobile Devices25 Oct 2023
- 2023ReShader: View-Dependent Highlights for Single Image View-Synthesis19 Sep 2023
- 2023Depth self-supervision for single image novel view synthesis27 Aug 2023
- 2023LoLep: Single-View View Synthesis with Locally-Learned Planes and Self-Attention Occlusion Inference23 Jul 2023
- 2023Cross-Ray Neural Radiance Fields for Novel-view Synthesis from Unconstrained Image Collections16 Jul 2023
- 2023Real-Time Radiance Fields for Single-Image Portrait View Synthesis3 May 2023
- 2023Single-View View Synthesis with Self-Rectified Pseudo-Stereo19 Apr 2023
- 2023Consistent View Synthesis with Pose-Guided Diffusion Models30 Mar 2023
- 2023Make-It-3D: High-Fidelity 3D Creation from A Single Image with Diffusion Prior24 Mar 2023
- 2023Single-view Neural Radiance Fields with Depth Teacher17 Mar 2023
- 2023Multi-Plane Neural Radiance Fields for Novel View Synthesis3 Mar 2023
- 2023PCR-CG: Point Cloud Registration via Deep Explicit Color and Geometry28 Feb 2023
- 2023Hyperspectral Image Super Resolution with Real Unaligned RGB Guidance13 Feb 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Light Field Depth Estimation via Multi-view Feature Matching with Occlusion Prediction20 Jan 2023
- 2022Equivariant Light Field Convolution and Transformer30 Dec 2022
- 2022MiNL: Micro-images based Neural Representation for Light Fields17 Sep 2022
- 2022Bridging Implicit and Explicit Geometric Transformation for Single-Image View Synthesis15 Sep 2022
- 2022Cross-Camera Deep Colorization26 Aug 2022
- 2022Direct Handheld Burst Imaging to Simulated Defocus9 Jul 2022
- 2022Single-View View Synthesis in the Wild with Learned Adaptive Multiplane Images24 May 2022
- 2022Acquiring a Dynamic Light Field through a Single-Shot Coded Image26 Apr 2022
- 2022Epipolar Focus Spectrum: A Novel Light Field Representation and Application in Dense-view Reconstruction1 Apr 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Learning Based Focal Stack Camera Depth Estimation14 Mar 2022
- 2022Content-aware Warping for View Synthesis22 Jan 2022
- 2022A Survey on RGB-D Datasets15 Jan 2022
- 2021InfoNeRF: Ray Entropy Minimization for Few-Shot Neural Volume Rendering31 Dec 2021
- 2021Light Field Neural Rendering17 Dec 2021
- 2021Recognizing Scenes from Novel Viewpoints2 Dec 2021
- 2021Temporal-MPI: Enabling Multi-Plane Images for Dynamic Scene Modelling via Temporal Basis Learning20 Nov 2021
- 2021Neural Relightable Participating Media Rendering25 Oct 2021
- 2021SLIDE: Single Image 3D Photography with Soft Layering and Depth-aware Inpainting2 Sep 2021
- 2021Dynamic Scene Novel View Synthesis via Deferred Spatio-temporal Consistency2 Sep 2021
- 2021Learning Dynamic Interpolation for Extremely Sparse Light Fields with Wide Baselines17 Aug 2021
- 2021Deep Learning based Novel View Synthesis14 Jul 2021
- 2021FaDIV-Syn: Fast Depth-Independent View Synthesis using Soft Masks and Implicit Blending24 Jun 2021
50 newest of 60 All 60 (JSON)
- 2021MVSNeRF: Fast Generalizable Radiance Field Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereocited by 740
- 2021NeX: Real-time View Synthesis with Neural Basis Expansioncited by 216
- 2021InfoNeRF: Ray Entropy Minimization for Few-Shot Neural Volume Renderingcited by 182
- 2021MINE: Towards Continuous Depth MPI with NeRF for Novel View Synthesiscited by 133
- 2021NeRF-VAE: A Geometry Aware 3D Scene Generative Modelcited by 112
- 2021Light Field Neural Renderingcited by 108
- 2021Geometry-Free View Synthesis: Transformers and no 3D Priorscited by 100
- 2023Real-Time Radiance Fields for Single-Image Portrait View Synthesiscited by 64
- 2022Single-View View Synthesis in the Wild with Learned Adaptive Multiplane Imagescited by 59
- 2023Cross-Ray Neural Radiance Fields for Novel-view Synthesis from Unconstrained Image Collectionscited by 54
- 2021SLIDE: Single Image 3D Photography with Soft Layering and Depth-aware Inpaintingcited by 48
- 2021UnsupervisedR&R: Unsupervised Point Cloud Registration via Differentiable Renderingcited by 44
12 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026STAR: Structure-aware Test-time Adaptation for diffusion-based light field Reconstruction17 Sep 2026
- 2026Mesh2GS: White-Box 3DGS Construction via Plenoptic Sampling20 Jun 2026
- 2025Inverse Image-Based Rendering for Light Field Generation from Single Images23 Oct 2025
- 2025Unaligned RGB Guided Hyperspectral Image Super-Resolution with Spatial-Spectral Concordance4 May 2025
- 2024Real-Time Position-Aware View Synthesis from Single-View Input18 Dec 2024
- 2024PanoDreamer: Optimization-Based Single Image to 360 3D Scene With Diffusion6 Dec 2024
- 2024UC-NeRF: Uncertainty-aware Conditional Neural Radiance Fields from Endoscopic Sparse Views4 Sep 2024
- 2024Sampling for View Synthesis: From Local Light Field Fusion to Neural Radiance Fields and Beyond8 Aug 2024
- 2024CMC: Few-shot Novel View Synthesis via Cross-view Multiplane Consistency26 Feb 2024
- 2023SinMPI: Novel View Synthesis from a Single Image with Expanded Multiplane Images18 Dec 2023
- 2023Anisotropic Neural Representation Learning for High-Quality Neural Rendering30 Nov 2023
- 2023Rethinking Directional Integration in Neural Radiance Fields28 Nov 2023
12 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)