Real-Time User-Guided Image Colorization with Learned Deep Priors
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a deep learning approach for user-guided image colorization. The system directly maps a grayscale image, along with sparse, local user "hints" to an output colorization with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Rather than using hand-defined rules, the network propagates user edits by fusing low-level cues along with high-level semantic information, learned from large-scale data. We train on a million images, with simulated user inputs. To guide the user towards efficient input selection, the system recommends likely colors based on the input image and current user inputs. The colorization is performed in a single feed-forward pass, enabling real-time use. Even with randomly simulated user inputs, we show that the proposed system helps novice users quickly create realistic colorizations, and offers large improvements in colorization quality with just a minute of use. In addition, we demonstrate that the framework can incorporate other user "hints" to the desired colorization, showing an application to color histogram transfer. Our code and models are available at https://richzhang.github.io/ideepcolor.
Key facts. Cited by 123 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 May 2017.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 34; 2022: 27; 2023: 29; 2024: 22; 2025: 9; 2026: 2.
123 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 1,903
- 2021Editing Conditional Radiance Fieldscited by 222
- 2023A Survey on Self-supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trendscited by 205
- 2023OpenAGI: When LLM Meets Domain Expertscited by 196
- 2021Image-to-Image Translation: Methods and Applicationscited by 116
- 2021Colorization Transformercited by 89
- 2023Expressive Text-to-Image Generation with Rich Textcited by 89
- 2021Open-World Entity Segmentationcited by 74
- 2021High-Resolution Photorealistic Image Translation in Real-Time: A Laplacian Pyramid Translation Networkcited by 61
- 2021Using latent space regression to analyze and leverage compositionality in GANscited by 55
- 2021Towards Vivid and Diverse Image Colorization with Generative Color Priorcited by 55
- 2023Conditional Generation of Audio from Video via Foley Analogiescited by 52
38 more
- 2021Instance-wise Hard Negative Example Generation for Contrastive Learning in Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 45
- 2024Formal-LLM: Integrating Formal Language and Natural Language for Controllable LLM-based Agentscited by 39
- 2023Test-Time Training on Video Streamscited by 37
- 2021Contrastive Representation Learning for Hand Shape Estimationcited by 34
- 2024Control Color: Multimodal Diffusion-based Interactive Image Colorizationcited by 33
- 2024Posterior-Mean Rectified Flow: Towards Minimum MSE Photo-Realistic Image Restorationcited by 32
- 2022InstaFormer: Instance-Aware Image-to-Image Translation with Transformercited by 28
- 2022Cross-Modal 3D Shape Generation and Manipulationcited by 27
- 2021Learning a Sketch Tensor Space for Image Inpainting of Man-made Scenescited by 25
- 2022Eliminating Gradient Conflict in Reference-based Line-Art Colorizationcited by 25
- 2023Diffusing Colors: Image Colorization with Text Guided Diffusioncited by 25
- 2023ViCo: Plug-and-play Visual Condition for Personalized Text-to-image Generationcited by 23
- 2021Temporally Consistent Video Colorization with Deep Feature Propagation and Self-regularization Learningcited by 22
- 2021Image Inpainting with External-internal Learning and Monochromic Bottleneckcited by 21
- 2022Invertible Rescaling Network and Its Extensionscited by 15
- 2022PalGAN: Image Colorization with Palette Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 15
- 2023PixHt-Lab: Pixel Height Based Light Effect Generation for Image Compositingcited by 15
- 2023Improved Diffusion-based Image Colorization via Piggybacked Modelscited by 15
- 2024CATP-LLM: Empowering Large Language Models for Cost-Aware Tool Planningcited by 14
- 2022BiSTNet: Semantic Image Prior Guided Bidirectional Temporal Feature Fusion for Deep Exemplar-based Video Colorizationcited by 13
- 2024NeuroBind: Towards Unified Multimodal Representations for Neural Signalscited by 13
- 2021VCGAN: Video Colorization with Hybrid Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 12
- 2021Deep Edge-Aware Interactive Colorization against Color-Bleeding Effectscited by 12
- 2021Semantic-Sparse Colorization Network for Deep Exemplar-based Colorizationcited by 12
- 2022Self-supervised Learning for Sonar Image Classificationcited by 12
- 2023Video Colorization with Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 11
- 2021Color2Embed: Fast Exemplar-Based Image Colorization using Color Embeddingscited by 9
- 2022What's in a Decade? Transforming Faces Through Timecited by 9
- 2021Instagram Filter Removal on Fashionable Imagescited by 8
- 2022Pik-Fix: Restoring and Colorizing Old Photoscited by 8
- 2024ColorizeDiffusion: Adjustable Sketch Colorization with Reference Image and Textcited by 8
- 2024ColorMNet: A Memory-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Feature Propagation Network for Video Colorizationcited by 8
- 2024C-DiffSET: Leveraging Latent Diffusion for SAR-to-EO Image Translation with Confidence-Guided Reliable Object Generationcited by 8
- 2025Tracktention: Leveraging Point Tracking to Attend Videos Faster and Bettercited by 8
- 2021StEP: Style-based Encoder Pre-training for Multi-modal Image Synthesiscited by 7
- 2022Overcoming Shortcut Learning in a Target Domain by Generalizing Basic Visual Factors from a Source Domaincited by 7
- 2022UniColor: A Unified Framework for Multi-Modal Colorization with Transformercited by 7
- 2023The Perception-Robustness Tradeoff in Deterministic Image Restorationcited by 7
50 most cited of 123 All 123 (JSON)
- 2026A Human-in-the-Loop Deep Learning Framework for Color Reconstruction of Lenticular Films3 Aug 2026
- 2026BBQ-to-Image: Numeric Bounding Box and Qolor Control in Large-Scale Text-to-Image Models24 Feb 2026
- 2025Prompt-based Consistent Video Colorization27 Nov 2025
- 2025Color3D: Controllable and Consistent 3D Colorization with Personalized Colorizer11 Oct 2025
- 2025Automatic Image Colorization with Convolutional Neural Networks and Generative Adversarial Networks7 Aug 2025
- 2025Tackling Ill-posedness of Reversible Image Conversion with Well-posed Invertible Network4 Aug 2025
- 2025ColorVein: Colorful Cancelable Vein Biometrics19 Apr 2025
- 2025Digital Staining with Knowledge Distillation: A Unified Framework for Unpaired and Paired-But-Misaligned Data14 Apr 2025
- 2025Tracktention: Leveraging Point Tracking to Attend Videos Faster and Better25 Mar 2025
- 2025Convolutional Deep Colorization for Image Compression: A Color Grid Based Approach8 Feb 2025
- 2025Enhanced Multi-Scale Cross-Attention for Person Image Generation15 Jan 2025
- 2024Enabling Region-Specific Control via Lassos in Point-Based Colorization18 Dec 2024
38 more
- 2024ColorFlow: Retrieval-Augmented Image Sequence Colorization16 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning Spatially Decoupled Color Representations for Facial Image Colorization10 Dec 2024
- 2024CATP-LLM: Empowering Large Language Models for Cost-Aware Tool Planning25 Nov 2024
- 2024C-DiffSET: Leveraging Latent Diffusion for SAR-to-EO Image Translation with Confidence-Guided Reliable Object Generation16 Nov 2024
- 2024Computer-aided Colorization State-of-the-science: A Survey3 Oct 2024
- 2024Posterior-Mean Rectified Flow: Towards Minimum MSE Photo-Realistic Image Restoration1 Oct 2024
- 2024NeuroBind: Towards Unified Multimodal Representations for Neural Signals19 Jul 2024
- 2024SketchDeco: Training-Free Latent Composition for Precise Sketch Colourisation29 May 2024
- 2024Perceptual Fairness in Image Restoration22 May 2024
- 2024Sparse Domain Transfer via Elastic Net Regularization13 May 2024
- 2024SwipeGANSpace: Swipe-to-Compare Image Generation via Efficient Latent Space Exploration30 Apr 2024
- 2024ColorMNet: A Memory-based Deep Spatial-Temporal Feature Propagation Network for Video Colorization9 Apr 2024
- 2024Automatic Controllable Colorization via Imagination8 Apr 2024
- 2024BlendScape: Enabling End-User Customization of Video-Conferencing Environments through Generative AI20 Mar 2024
- 2024CCC++: Optimized Color Classified Colorization with Segment Anything Model (SAM) Empowered Object Selective Color Harmonization18 Mar 2024
- 2024CCC: Color Classified Colorization3 Mar 2024
- 2024Colorizing Monochromatic Radiance Fields19 Feb 2024
- 2024Control Color: Multimodal Diffusion-based Interactive Image Colorization16 Feb 2024
- 2024Formal-LLM: Integrating Formal Language and Natural Language for Controllable LLM-based Agents1 Feb 2024
- 2024Audio-Infused Automatic Image Colorization by Exploiting Audio Scene Semantics24 Jan 2024
- 2024ColorizeDiffusion: Adjustable Sketch Colorization with Reference Image and Text2 Jan 2024
- 2023SPDGAN: A Generative Adversarial Network based on SPD Manifold Learning for Automatic Image Colorization21 Dec 2023
- 2023Diffusing Colors: Image Colorization with Text Guided Diffusion7 Dec 2023
- 2023The Perception-Robustness Tradeoff in Deterministic Image Restoration14 Nov 2023
- 2023ChromaDistill: Colorizing Monochrome Radiance Fields with Knowledge Distillation14 Sep 2023
- 2023Histogram-guided Video Colorization Structure with Spatial-Temporal Connection9 Aug 2023
- 2023Language-based Photo Color Adjustment for Graphic Designs6 Aug 2023
- 2023Brighten-and-Colorize: A Decoupled Network for Customized Low-Light Image Enhancement6 Aug 2023
- 2023Line Art Colorization of Fakemon using Generative Adversarial Neural Networks11 Jul 2023
- 2023Test-Time Training on Video Streams11 Jul 2023
- 2023Dequantization and Color Transfer with Diffusion Models6 Jul 2023
- 2023UW-ProCCaps: UnderWater Progressive Colourisation with Capsules3 Jul 2023
- 2023Video Colorization with Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Models2 Jun 2023
- 2023ViCo: Plug-and-play Visual Condition for Personalized Text-to-image Generation1 Jun 2023
- 2023Variational Bayesian Framework for Advanced Image Generation with Domain-Related Variables23 May 2023
- 2023FlowChroma -- A Deep Recurrent Neural Network for Video Colorization23 May 2023
- 2023StawGAN: Structural-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks for Infrared Image Translation18 May 2023
- 2023MMC: Multi-Modal Colorization of Images using Textual Descriptions24 Apr 2023
50 newest of 123 All 123 (JSON)
- 2024Posterior-Mean Rectified Flow: Towards Minimum MSE Photo-Realistic Image Restorationcited by 32
- 2023Diffusing Colors: Image Colorization with Text Guided Diffusioncited by 25
- 2023ViCo: Plug-and-play Visual Condition for Personalized Text-to-image Generationcited by 23
- 2023Improved Diffusion-based Image Colorization via Piggybacked Modelscited by 15
- 2023Video Colorization with Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 11
- 2024ColorizeDiffusion: Adjustable Sketch Colorization with Reference Image and Textcited by 8
- 2024C-DiffSET: Leveraging Latent Diffusion for SAR-to-EO Image Translation with Confidence-Guided Reliable Object Generationcited by 8
- 2024ColorFlow: Retrieval-Augmented Image Sequence Colorizationcited by 6
- 2023Dequantization and Color Transfer with Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2021Generative Probabilistic Image Colorizationcited by 2
- 2024ColorFlow: Retrieval-Augmented Image Sequence Colorization16 Dec 2024
- 2024C-DiffSET: Leveraging Latent Diffusion for SAR-to-EO Image Translation with Confidence-Guided Reliable Object Generation16 Nov 2024
- 2024Posterior-Mean Rectified Flow: Towards Minimum MSE Photo-Realistic Image Restoration1 Oct 2024
- 2024ColorizeDiffusion: Adjustable Sketch Colorization with Reference Image and Text2 Jan 2024
- 2023Diffusing Colors: Image Colorization with Text Guided Diffusion7 Dec 2023
- 2023Dequantization and Color Transfer with Diffusion Models6 Jul 2023
- 2023Video Colorization with Pre-trained Text-to-Image Diffusion Models2 Jun 2023
- 2023ViCo: Plug-and-play Visual Condition for Personalized Text-to-image Generation1 Jun 2023
- 2023Improved Diffusion-based Image Colorization via Piggybacked Models21 Apr 2023
- 2021Generative Probabilistic Image Colorization29 Sep 2021
- 2021SDEdit: Guided Image Synthesis and Editing with Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 1,903
- 2021Editing Conditional Radiance Fieldscited by 222
- 2023A Survey on Self-supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trendscited by 205
- 2023OpenAGI: When LLM Meets Domain Expertscited by 196
- 2021Image-to-Image Translation: Methods and Applicationscited by 116
- 2021Colorization Transformercited by 89
- 2023Expressive Text-to-Image Generation with Rich Textcited by 89
- 2021Open-World Entity Segmentationcited by 74
- 2021High-Resolution Photorealistic Image Translation in Real-Time: A Laplacian Pyramid Translation Networkcited by 61
- 2021Using latent space regression to analyze and leverage compositionality in GANscited by 55
- 2021Towards Vivid and Diverse Image Colorization with Generative Color Priorcited by 55
- 2023Conditional Generation of Audio from Video via Foley Analogiescited by 52
12 most cited of 112 All 112 (JSON)
- 2026A Human-in-the-Loop Deep Learning Framework for Color Reconstruction of Lenticular Films3 Aug 2026
- 2026BBQ-to-Image: Numeric Bounding Box and Qolor Control in Large-Scale Text-to-Image Models24 Feb 2026
- 2025Prompt-based Consistent Video Colorization27 Nov 2025
- 2025Color3D: Controllable and Consistent 3D Colorization with Personalized Colorizer11 Oct 2025
- 2025Automatic Image Colorization with Convolutional Neural Networks and Generative Adversarial Networks7 Aug 2025
- 2025Tackling Ill-posedness of Reversible Image Conversion with Well-posed Invertible Network4 Aug 2025
- 2025ColorVein: Colorful Cancelable Vein Biometrics19 Apr 2025
- 2025Digital Staining with Knowledge Distillation: A Unified Framework for Unpaired and Paired-But-Misaligned Data14 Apr 2025
- 2025Tracktention: Leveraging Point Tracking to Attend Videos Faster and Better25 Mar 2025
- 2025Convolutional Deep Colorization for Image Compression: A Color Grid Based Approach8 Feb 2025
- 2025Enhanced Multi-Scale Cross-Attention for Person Image Generation15 Jan 2025
- 2024Enabling Region-Specific Control via Lassos in Point-Based Colorization18 Dec 2024
12 newest of 112 All 112 (JSON)