mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ViCo: Plug-and-play Visual Condition for Personalized Text-to-image Generation

arXiv 2306.00971 ↗First posted 1 Jun 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 23

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Personalized text-to-image generation using diffusion models has recently emerged and garnered significant interest. This task learns a novel concept (e.g., a unique toy), illustrated in a handful of images, into a generative model that captures fine visual details and generates photorealistic images based on textual embeddings. In this paper, we present ViCo, a novel lightweight plug-and-play method that seamlessly integrates visual condition into personalized text-to-image generation. ViCo stands out for its unique feature of not requiring any fine-tuning of the original diffusion model parameters, thereby facilitating more flexible and scalable model deployment. This key advantage distinguishes ViCo from most existing models that necessitate partial or full diffusion fine-tuning. ViCo incorporates an image attention module that conditions the diffusion process on patch-wise visual semantics, and an attention-based object mask that comes at no extra cost from the attention module. Despite only requiring light parameter training (~6% compared to the diffusion U-Net), ViCo delivers performance that is on par with, or even surpasses, all state-of-the-art models, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This underscores the efficacy of ViCo, making it a highly promising solution for personalized text-to-image generation without the need for diffusion model fine-tuning. Code: https://github.com/haoosz/ViCo

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 57 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jun 2023.

Builds on

57 of 63 references.

Closest ancestors · 11

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Taming Encoder for Zero Fine-tuning Image Customization with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models5 Apr
  2. 2023Unified Multi-Modal Latent Diffusion for Joint Subject and Text Conditional Image Generation16 Mar
  3. 2023Encoder-based Domain Tuning for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Models23 Feb
  4. 2023T2I-Adapter: Learning Adapters to Dig out More Controllable Ability for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models16 Feb
  5. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
  6. 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
  7. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
  8. 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation25 Aug
  9. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
  10. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
  11. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec

Other references · 46

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  4. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  5. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  6. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  7. 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
  8. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
  9. 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
  10. 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
  11. 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
  12. 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
34 more
  1. 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
  2. 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
  3. 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,409
  4. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
  5. 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
  6. 2016Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1,898
  7. 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
  8. 2022Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,287
  9. 2021Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,181
  10. 2016Colorful Image Colorizationcited by 1,113
  11. 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
  12. 2021StyleCLIP: Text-Driven Manipulation of StyleGAN Imagerycited by 990
  13. 2022Tune-A-Video: One-Shot Tuning of Image Diffusion Models for Text-to-Video Generationcited by 958
  14. 2016Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesiscited by 735
  15. 2017AttnGAN: Fine-Grained Text to Image Generation with Attentional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 664
  16. 2020Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 637
  17. 2021Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Learning Categorical Distributionscited by 566
  18. 2021Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentation with Diffusion Modelscited by 495
  19. 2023BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editingcited by 438
  20. 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 414
  21. 2023InstantBooth: Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-Time Finetuningcited by 343
  22. 2019DM-GAN: Dynamic Memory Generative Adversarial Networks for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 308
  23. 2017Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translationcited by 295
  24. 2022VQGAN-CLIP: Open Domain Image Generation and Editing with Natural Language Guidancecited by 285
  25. 2021Cross-Modal Contrastive Learning for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 259
  26. 2016Learning Representations for Automatic Colorizationcited by 251
  27. 2023Subject-driven Text-to-Image Generation via Apprenticeship Learningcited by 210
  28. 2023Key-Locked Rank One Editing for Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 194
  29. 2020DF-GAN: A Simple and Effective Baseline for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 161
  30. 2017Real-Time User-Guided Image Colorization with Learned Deep Priorscited by 123
  31. 2021CLIP2StyleGAN: Unsupervised Extraction of StyleGAN Edit Directionscited by 78
  32. 2021Improving Text-to-Image Synthesis Using Contrastive Learningcited by 62
  33. 2020Countering Language Drift with Seeded Iterated Learningcited by 57
  34. 2019Countering Language Drift via Visual Groundingcited by 55

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 9; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.

23 papers.

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  1. 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generationcited by 153
  2. 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 29
  3. 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
  4. 2024LoRA.rar: Learning to Merge LoRAs via Hypernetworks for Subject-Style Conditioned Image Generationcited by 19
  5. 2023SingleInsert: Inserting New Concepts from a Single Image into Text-to-Image Models for Flexible Editingcited by 10
  6. 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
  7. 2024CusConcept: Customized Visual Concept Decomposition with Diffusion Modelscited by 9
  8. 2024Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Decade Surveycited by 9
  9. 2024Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Quantized Diffusion Modelcited by 8
  10. 2025Steering Guidance for Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 7
  11. 2024DreamCache: Finetuning-Free Lightweight Personalized Image Generation via Feature Cachingcited by 6
  12. 2024DreamBlend: Advancing Personalized Fine-tuning of Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 4
11 more
  1. 2024Customized Generation Reimagined: Fidelity and Editability Harmonizedcited by 3
  2. 2025APT: Adaptive Personalized Training for Diffusion Models with Limited Datacited by 3
  3. 2026DSH-Bench: A Difficulty- and Scenario-Aware Benchmark with Hierarchical Subject Taxonomy for Subject-Driven Text-to-Image Generationcited by 3
  4. 2024EZIGen: Enhancing zero-shot personalized image generation with precise subject encoding and decoupled guidancecited by 2
  5. 2025Directional Textual Inversion for Personalized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 2
  6. 2025SpotDiff: Spotting and Disentangling Interference in Feature Space for Subject-Preserving Image Generationcited by 1
  7. 2026Forget Less by Learning Together through Concept Consolidationcited by 1
  8. 2026Decoupled Guidance: Disentangling Subject and Context Pathways in Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 1
  9. 2025BridgeIV: Bridging Customized Image and Video Generation through Test-Time Autoregressive Identity Propagationcited by 0
  10. 2026Intrinsic Concept Extraction Based on Compositional Interpretabilitycited by 0
  11. 2026AnimeAdapter: A Modular Adapter for Appearance-Consistent Anime Character Generationcited by 0

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  1. 2024Powerful and Flexible: Personalized Text-to-Image Generation via Reinforcement Learning
  2. 2024Conditional Text-to-Image Generation with Reference Guidance
  3. 2022Plug-and-Play Diffusion Features for Text-Driven Image-to-Image Translation
  4. 2022Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation via Aesthetic Gradients
  5. 2024UNIMO-G: Unified Image Generation through Multimodal Conditional Diffusion
  6. 2024Fast Personalized Text-to-Image Syntheses With Attention Injection
  7. 2025Preserve and Personalize: Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models without Distributional Drift
  8. 2022Implementing and Experimenting with Diffusion Models for Text-to-Image Generation