ViCo: Plug-and-play Visual Condition for Personalized Text-to-image Generation
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Personalized text-to-image generation using diffusion models has recently emerged and garnered significant interest. This task learns a novel concept (e.g., a unique toy), illustrated in a handful of images, into a generative model that captures fine visual details and generates photorealistic images based on textual embeddings. In this paper, we present ViCo, a novel lightweight plug-and-play method that seamlessly integrates visual condition into personalized text-to-image generation. ViCo stands out for its unique feature of not requiring any fine-tuning of the original diffusion model parameters, thereby facilitating more flexible and scalable model deployment. This key advantage distinguishes ViCo from most existing models that necessitate partial or full diffusion fine-tuning. ViCo incorporates an image attention module that conditions the diffusion process on patch-wise visual semantics, and an attention-based object mask that comes at no extra cost from the attention module. Despite only requiring light parameter training (~6% compared to the diffusion U-Net), ViCo delivers performance that is on par with, or even surpasses, all state-of-the-art models, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This underscores the efficacy of ViCo, making it a highly promising solution for personalized text-to-image generation without the need for diffusion model fine-tuning. Code: https://github.com/haoosz/ViCo
Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 57 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jun 2023.
Builds on
57 of 63 references.
Closest ancestors · 11
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Taming Encoder for Zero Fine-tuning Image Customization with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models5 Apr
- 2023Unified Multi-Modal Latent Diffusion for Joint Subject and Text Conditional Image Generation16 Mar
- 2023Encoder-based Domain Tuning for Fast Personalization of Text-to-Image Models23 Feb
- 2023T2I-Adapter: Learning Adapters to Dig out More Controllable Ability for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models16 Feb
- 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
- 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
- 2022DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation25 Aug
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
- 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents13 Apr
- 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models20 Dec
Other references · 46
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
- 2023Segment Anythingcited by 8,158
- 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
- 2018A Style-Based Generator Architecture for Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,986
- 2016Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networkscited by 4,510
- 2021Zero-Shot Text-to-Image Generationcited by 4,276
- 2019Analyzing and Improving the Image Quality of StyleGANcited by 3,580
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- 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
- 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,609
- 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,409
- 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
- 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
- 2016Photo-Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution Using a Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1,898
- 2022RePaint: Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 1,419
- 2022Scaling Autoregressive Models for Content-Rich Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1,287
- 2021Alias-Free Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 1,181
- 2016Colorful Image Colorizationcited by 1,113
- 2017StarGAN: Unified Generative Adversarial Networks for Multi-Domain Image-to-Image Translationcited by 1,036
- 2021StyleCLIP: Text-Driven Manipulation of StyleGAN Imagerycited by 990
- 2022Tune-A-Video: One-Shot Tuning of Image Diffusion Models for Text-to-Video Generationcited by 958
- 2016Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesiscited by 735
- 2017AttnGAN: Fine-Grained Text to Image Generation with Attentional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 664
- 2020Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 637
- 2021Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Learning Categorical Distributionscited by 566
- 2021Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentation with Diffusion Modelscited by 495
- 2023BLIP-Diffusion: Pre-trained Subject Representation for Controllable Text-to-Image Generation and Editingcited by 438
- 2023ELITE: Encoding Visual Concepts into Textual Embeddings for Customized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 414
- 2023InstantBooth: Personalized Text-to-Image Generation without Test-Time Finetuningcited by 343
- 2019DM-GAN: Dynamic Memory Generative Adversarial Networks for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 308
- 2017Toward Multimodal Image-to-Image Translationcited by 295
- 2022VQGAN-CLIP: Open Domain Image Generation and Editing with Natural Language Guidancecited by 285
- 2021Cross-Modal Contrastive Learning for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 259
- 2016Learning Representations for Automatic Colorizationcited by 251
- 2023Subject-driven Text-to-Image Generation via Apprenticeship Learningcited by 210
- 2023Key-Locked Rank One Editing for Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 194
- 2020DF-GAN: A Simple and Effective Baseline for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 161
- 2017Real-Time User-Guided Image Colorization with Learned Deep Priorscited by 123
- 2021CLIP2StyleGAN: Unsupervised Extraction of StyleGAN Edit Directionscited by 78
- 2021Improving Text-to-Image Synthesis Using Contrastive Learningcited by 62
- 2020Countering Language Drift with Seeded Iterated Learningcited by 57
- 2019Countering Language Drift via Visual Groundingcited by 55
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 9; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.
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- 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generationcited by 153
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- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
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- 2024DreamCache: Finetuning-Free Lightweight Personalized Image Generation via Feature Cachingcited by 6
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- 2025SpotDiff: Spotting and Disentangling Interference in Feature Space for Subject-Preserving Image Generationcited by 1
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- 2025Steering Guidance for Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models1 Aug 2025
- 2025APT: Adaptive Personalized Training for Diffusion Models with Limited Data3 Jul 2025
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- 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generation2 Apr 2025
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editability9 Mar 2025
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- 2024Customized Generation Reimagined: Fidelity and Editability Harmonized6 Dec 2024
- 2024DreamBlend: Advancing Personalized Fine-tuning of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models28 Nov 2024
- 2024DreamCache: Finetuning-Free Lightweight Personalized Image Generation via Feature Caching26 Nov 2024
- 2024Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Decade Survey25 Nov 2024
- 2024CusConcept: Customized Visual Concept Decomposition with Diffusion Models1 Oct 2024
- 2024EZIGen: Enhancing zero-shot personalized image generation with precise subject encoding and decoupled guidance12 Sep 2024
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Models9 May 2024
- 2024Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Quantized Diffusion Model9 Jan 2024
- 2023SingleInsert: Inserting New Concepts from a Single Image into Text-to-Image Models for Flexible Editing12 Oct 2023
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 29
- 2024CusConcept: Customized Visual Concept Decomposition with Diffusion Modelscited by 9
- 2024Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Quantized Diffusion Modelcited by 8
- 2025Steering Guidance for Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 7
- 2024DreamBlend: Advancing Personalized Fine-tuning of Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2025APT: Adaptive Personalized Training for Diffusion Models with Limited Datacited by 3
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- 2026Decoupled Guidance: Disentangling Subject and Context Pathways in Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 1
- 2026AnimeAdapter: A Modular Adapter for Appearance-Consistent Anime Character Generationcited by 0
- 2026Decoupled Guidance: Disentangling Subject and Context Pathways in Text-to-Image Personalization1 Jul 2026
- 2026AnimeAdapter: A Modular Adapter for Appearance-Consistent Anime Character Generation17 May 2026
- 2026Forget Less by Learning Together through Concept Consolidation5 Jan 2026
- 2025Steering Guidance for Personalized Text-to-Image Diffusion Models1 Aug 2025
- 2025APT: Adaptive Personalized Training for Diffusion Models with Limited Data3 Jul 2025
- 2024DreamBlend: Advancing Personalized Fine-tuning of Text-to-Image Diffusion Models28 Nov 2024
- 2024CusConcept: Customized Visual Concept Decomposition with Diffusion Models1 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey on Personalized Content Synthesis with Diffusion Models9 May 2024
- 2024Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Quantized Diffusion Model9 Jan 2024
- 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generationcited by 153
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Surveycited by 20
- 2024LoRA.rar: Learning to Merge LoRAs via Hypernetworks for Subject-Style Conditioned Image Generationcited by 19
- 2023SingleInsert: Inserting New Concepts from a Single Image into Text-to-Image Models for Flexible Editingcited by 10
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editabilitycited by 10
- 2024Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Decade Surveycited by 9
- 2024DreamCache: Finetuning-Free Lightweight Personalized Image Generation via Feature Cachingcited by 6
- 2024Customized Generation Reimagined: Fidelity and Editability Harmonizedcited by 3
- 2026DSH-Bench: A Difficulty- and Scenario-Aware Benchmark with Hierarchical Subject Taxonomy for Subject-Driven Text-to-Image Generationcited by 3
- 2024EZIGen: Enhancing zero-shot personalized image generation with precise subject encoding and decoupled guidancecited by 2
- 2025Directional Textual Inversion for Personalized Text-to-Image Generationcited by 2
- 2025SpotDiff: Spotting and Disentangling Interference in Feature Space for Subject-Preserving Image Generationcited by 1
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026Intrinsic Concept Extraction Based on Compositional Interpretability12 Mar 2026
- 2026DSH-Bench: A Difficulty- and Scenario-Aware Benchmark with Hierarchical Subject Taxonomy for Subject-Driven Text-to-Image Generation9 Mar 2026
- 2025Directional Textual Inversion for Personalized Text-to-Image Generation15 Dec 2025
- 2025SpotDiff: Spotting and Disentangling Interference in Feature Space for Subject-Preserving Image Generation7 Oct 2025
- 2025BridgeIV: Bridging Customized Image and Video Generation through Test-Time Autoregressive Identity Propagation11 May 2025
- 2025Less-to-More Generalization: Unlocking More Controllability by In-Context Generation2 Apr 2025
- 2025DynamicID: Zero-Shot Multi-ID Image Personalization with Flexible Facial Editability9 Mar 2025
- 2025Personalized Image Generation with Deep Generative Models: A Decade Survey18 Feb 2025
- 2024LoRA.rar: Learning to Merge LoRAs via Hypernetworks for Subject-Style Conditioned Image Generation6 Dec 2024
- 2024Customized Generation Reimagined: Fidelity and Editability Harmonized6 Dec 2024
- 2024DreamCache: Finetuning-Free Lightweight Personalized Image Generation via Feature Caching26 Nov 2024
- 2024Text-to-Image Synthesis: A Decade Survey25 Nov 2024
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
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