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Surgical Data Science: Enabling Next-Generation Surgery

arXiv 1701.06482 ↗First posted 23 Jan 2017cs.CYcited by 126

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces Surgical Data Science as an emerging scientific discipline. Key perspectives are based on discussions during an intensive two-day international interactive workshop that brought together leading researchers working in the related field of computer and robot assisted interventions. Our consensus opinion is that increasing access to large amounts of complex data, at scale, throughout the patient care process, complemented by advances in data science and machine learning techniques, has set the stage for a new generation of analytics that will support decision-making and quality improvement in interventional medicine. In this article, we provide a consensus definition for Surgical Data Science, identify associated challenges and opportunities and provide a roadmap for advancing the field.

Key facts. Cited by 126 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2017.

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 17; 2022: 23; 2023: 15; 2024: 20; 2025: 26; 2026: 25.

126 papers.

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  1. 2021Rendezvous: Attention Mechanisms for the Recognition of Surgical Action Triplets in Endoscopic Videoscited by 141
  2. 2021Trans-SVNet: Accurate Phase Recognition from Surgical Videos via Hybrid Embedding Aggregation Transformercited by 94
  3. 2022AutoLaparo: A New Dataset of Integrated Multi-tasks for Image-guided Surgical Automation in Laparoscopic Hysterectomycited by 85
  4. 2023Learning Multi-modal Representations by Watching Hundreds of Surgical Video Lecturescited by 68
  5. 2021Temporal Memory Relation Network for Workflow Recognition from Surgical Videocited by 66
  6. 2021Comparative Validation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Surgical Workflow and Skill Analysis with the HeiChole Benchmarkcited by 60
  7. 20224D-OR: Semantic Scene Graphs for OR Domain Modelingcited by 49
  8. 2024Pixel-Wise Recognition for Holistic Surgical Scene Understandingcited by 49
  9. 2022Dissecting Self-Supervised Learning Methods for Surgical Computer Visioncited by 48
  10. 2022CholecTriplet2021: A benchmark challenge for surgical action triplet recognitioncited by 44
  11. 2021Multi-Task Temporal Convolutional Networks for Joint Recognition of Surgical Phases and Steps in Gastric Bypass Procedurescited by 42
  12. 2024Procedure-Aware Surgical Video-language Pretraining with Hierarchical Knowledge Augmentationcited by 39
38 more
  1. 2022Latent Graph Representations for Critical View of Safety Assessmentcited by 37
  2. 2022Federated Learning for Medical Applications: A Taxonomy, Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Directionscited by 35
  3. 2022Towards Holistic Surgical Scene Understandingcited by 33
  4. 2025MM-OR: A Large Multimodal Operating Room Dataset for Semantic Understanding of High-Intensity Surgical Environmentscited by 28
  5. 2022Exploring Intra- and Inter-Video Relation for Surgical Semantic Scene Segmentationcited by 27
  6. 2022Rendezvous in Time: An Attention-based Temporal Fusion approach for Surgical Triplet Recognitioncited by 27
  7. 2021Gesture Recognition in Robotic Surgery: a Reviewcited by 23
  8. 2021Image Compositing for Segmentation of Surgical Tools without Manual Annotationscited by 23
  9. 2021Exploring Segment-level Semantics for Online Phase Recognition from Surgical Videoscited by 23
  10. 2023Surgical Action Triplet Detection by Mixed Supervised Learning of Instrument-Tissue Interactionscited by 23
  11. 2021Long-Term Temporally Consistent Unpaired Video Translation from Simulated Surgical 3D Datacited by 21
  12. 2023LABRAD-OR: Lightweight Memory Scene Graphs for Accurate Bimodal Reasoning in Dynamic Operating Roomscited by 21
  13. 2023The Endoscapes Dataset for Surgical Scene Segmentation, Object Detection, and Critical View of Safety Assessment: Official Splits and Benchmarkcited by 21
  14. 2022On the Pitfalls of Batch Normalization for End-to-End Video Learning: A Study on Surgical Workflow Analysiscited by 19
  15. 2023SimCol3D -- 3D Reconstruction during Colonoscopy Challengecited by 19
  16. 2022Federated Cycling (FedCy): Semi-supervised Federated Learning of Surgical Phasescited by 18
  17. 2023CholecTrack20: A Multi-Perspective Tracking Dataset for Surgical Toolscited by 17
  18. 2024Med-2E3: A 2D-Enhanced 3D Medical Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 15
  19. 2021Surgical Visual Domain Adaptation: Results from the MICCAI 2020 SurgVisDom Challengecited by 14
  20. 2023Encoding Surgical Videos as Latent Spatiotemporal Graphs for Object and Anatomy-Driven Reasoningcited by 14
  21. 2024ORacle: Large Vision-Language Models for Knowledge-Guided Holistic OR Domain Modelingcited by 14
  22. 2022Less is More: Surgical Phase Recognition from Timestamp Supervisioncited by 13
  23. 2024VidLPRO: A underlineVideo-underlineLanguage underlinePre-training Framework for underlineRobotic and Laparoscopic Surgerycited by 12
  24. 2021A Kinematic Bottleneck Approach For Pose Regression of Flexible Surgical Instruments directly from Imagescited by 11
  25. 2024VISAGE: Video Synthesis using Action Graphs for Surgerycited by 11
  26. 2025EgoExOR: An Ego-Exo-Centric Operating Room Dataset for Surgical Activity Understandingcited by 11
  27. 2025Large-scale Self-supervised Video Foundation Model for Intelligent Surgerycited by 10
  28. 2021FetReg: Placental Vessel Segmentation and Registration in Fetoscopy Challenge Datasetcited by 9
  29. 2023Exploring Semantic Consistency in Unpaired Image Translation to Generate Data for Surgical Applicationscited by 9
  30. 2024Creating a Digital Twin of Spinal Surgery: A Proof of Conceptcited by 9
  31. 2021Co-Generation and Segmentation for Generalized Surgical Instrument Segmentation on Unlabelled Datacited by 8
  32. 2021Surgical data science for safe cholecystectomy: a protocol for segmentation of hepatocystic anatomy and assessment of the critical view of safetycited by 8
  33. 2023Whether and When does Endoscopy Domain Pretraining Make Sense?cited by 8
  34. 2023Jumpstarting Surgical Computer Visioncited by 8
  35. 2024Instrument-tissue Interaction Detection Framework for Surgical Video Understandingcited by 8
  36. 2025Surgical Scene Understanding in the Era of Foundation AI Models: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 8
  37. 2024OSSAR: Towards Open-Set Surgical Activity Recognition in Robot-assisted Surgerycited by 7
  38. 2021Multimodal Semantic Scene Graphs for Holistic Modeling of Surgical Procedurescited by 6

50 most cited of 126 All 126 (JSON)