mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DeepBach: a Steerable Model for Bach Chorales Generation

arXiv 1612.01010 ↗First posted 3 Dec 2016cs.AI cs.SDcited by 90

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper introduces DeepBach, a graphical model aimed at modeling polyphonic music and specifically hymn-like pieces. We claim that, after being trained on the chorale harmonizations by Johann Sebastian Bach, our model is capable of generating highly convincing chorales in the style of Bach. DeepBach's strength comes from the use of pseudo-Gibbs sampling coupled with an adapted representation of musical data. This is in contrast with many automatic music composition approaches which tend to compose music sequentially. Our model is also steerable in the sense that a user can constrain the generation by imposing positional constraints such as notes, rhythms or cadences in the generated score. We also provide a plugin on top of the MuseScore music editor making the interaction with DeepBach easy to use.

Key facts. Cited by 90 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Dec 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 24; 2022: 9; 2023: 17; 2024: 16; 2025: 16; 2026: 8.

90 papers.

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  1. 2021MuseMorphose: Full-Song and Fine-Grained Piano Music Style Transfer with One Transformer VAEcited by 39
  2. 2022Symphony Generation with Permutation Invariant Language Modelcited by 35
  3. 2023Anticipatory Music Transformercited by 35
  4. 2023Polyffusion: A Diffusion Model for Polyphonic Score Generation with Internal and External Controlscited by 35
  5. 2024Foundation Models for Music: A Surveycited by 34
  6. 2021Controllable deep melody generation via hierarchical music structure representationcited by 30
  7. 2021Learning to Generate Music With Sentimentcited by 29
  8. 2021Copyright in Generative Deep Learningcited by 29
  9. 2022Multitrack Music Transformercited by 28
  10. 2023miditok: A Python package for MIDI file tokenizationcited by 26
  11. 2021The Piano Inpainting Applicationcited by 23
  12. 2021Creativity and Machine Learning: A Surveycited by 21
38 more
  1. 2023Creating a Large Language Model of a Philosophercited by 20
  2. 2021Parallel and Flexible Sampling from Autoregressive Models via Langevin Dynamicscited by 19
  3. 2023Byte Pair Encoding for Symbolic Musiccited by 19
  4. 2024Text2midi: Generating Symbolic Music from Captionscited by 18
  5. 2021Generating Lead Sheets with Affect: A Novel Conditional seq2seq Frameworkcited by 17
  6. 2024Bass Accompaniment Generation via Latent Diffusioncited by 16
  7. 2021Variable-Length Music Score Infilling via XLNet and Musically Specialized Positional Encodingcited by 14
  8. 2021Music Composition with Deep Learning: A Reviewcited by 12
  9. 2022A Review of Intelligent Music Generation Systemscited by 11
  10. 2024Natural Language Processing Methods for Symbolic Music Generation and Information Retrieval: a Surveycited by 10
  11. 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Musiccited by 10
  12. 2023Composer's Assistant: An Interactive Transformer for Multi-Track MIDI Infillingcited by 9
  13. 2023Exploring XAI for the Arts: Explaining Latent Space in Generative Musiccited by 8
  14. 2021Is Disentanglement enough? On Latent Representations for Controllable Music Generationcited by 7
  15. 2022Conditional Drums Generation using Compound Word Representationscited by 7
  16. 2023On pitfalls (and advantages) of sophisticated large language modelscited by 7
  17. 2025Scaling Self-Supervised Representation Learning for Symbolic Piano Performancecited by 7
  18. 202110 Years of the PCG workshop: Past and Future Trendscited by 6
  19. 2023Impact of time and note duration tokenizations on deep learning symbolic music modelingcited by 6
  20. 2024An Order-Complexity Aesthetic Assessment Model for Aesthetic-aware Music Recommendationcited by 6
  21. 2022Subjective Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Symbolic Music Compositioncited by 5
  22. 2022The Power of Fragmentation: A Hierarchical Transformer Model for Structural Segmentation in Symbolic Music Generationcited by 5
  23. 2024Composer's Assistant 2: Interactive Multi-Track MIDI Infilling with Fine-Grained User Controlcited by 5
  24. 2021MP3net: coherent, minute-long music generation from raw audio with a simple convolutional GANcited by 4
  25. 2021CycleDRUMS: Automatic Drum Arrangement For Bass Lines Using CycleGANcited by 4
  26. 2022Melody Infilling with User-Provided Structural Contextcited by 4
  27. 2023Exploring Variational Auto-Encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AIcited by 4
  28. 2025Text2midi-InferAlign: Improving Symbolic Music Generation with Inference-Time Alignmentcited by 4
  29. 2021Personalized Popular Music Generation Using Imitation and Structurecited by 3
  30. 2022A Survey on Artificial Intelligence for Music Generation: Agents, Domains and Perspectivescited by 3
  31. 2024Between the AI and Me: Analysing Listeners' Perspectives on AI- and Human-Composed Progressive Metal Musiccited by 3
  32. 2024Survey of User Interface Design and Interaction Techniques in Generative AI Applicationscited by 3
  33. 2025ImprovNet -- Generating Controllable Musical Improvisations with Iterative Corruption Refinementcited by 3
  34. 2021Logical Activation Functions: Logit-space equivalents of Probabilistic Boolean Operatorscited by 2
  35. 2021A-Muze-Net: Music Generation by Composing the Harmony based on the Generated Melodycited by 2
  36. 2023An Comparative Analysis of Different Pitch and Metrical Grid Encoding Methods in the Task of Sequential Music Generationcited by 2
  37. 2023Choir Transformer: Generating Polyphonic Music with Relative Attention on Transformercited by 2
  38. 2023Computational Copyright: Towards A Royalty Model for Music Generative AIcited by 2

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