mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A Large Contextual Dataset for Classification, Detection and Counting of Cars with Deep Learning

arXiv 1609.04453 ↗First posted 14 Sep 2016cs.CV cs.DC cs.NEcited by 86

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Abstract (arXiv)

We have created a large diverse set of cars from overhead images, which are useful for training a deep learner to binary classify, detect and count them. The dataset and all related material will be made publically available. The set contains contextual matter to aid in identification of difficult targets. We demonstrate classification and detection on this dataset using a neural network we call ResCeption. This network combines residual learning with Inception-style layers and is used to count cars in one look. This is a new way to count objects rather than by localization or density estimation. It is fairly accurate, fast and easy to implement. Additionally, the counting method is not car or scene specific. It would be easy to train this method to count other kinds of objects and counting over new scenes requires no extra set up or assumptions about object locations.

Key facts. Cited by 86 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Sep 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 21; 2022: 15; 2023: 13; 2024: 11; 2025: 15; 2026: 11.

86 papers.

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  1. 2021Object Detection in Aerial Images: A Large-Scale Benchmark and Challengescited by 204
  2. 2021Learning To Count Everythingcited by 150
  3. 2021FAIR1M: A Benchmark Dataset for Fine-grained Object Recognition in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 143
  4. 2022CounTR: Transformer-based Generalised Visual Countingcited by 79
  5. 2021TorchGeo: Deep Learning With Geospatial Datacited by 73
  6. 2022A Low-Shot Object Counting Network With Iterative Prototype Adaptationcited by 65
  7. 2022Few-shot Object Counting with Similarity-Aware Feature Enhancementcited by 62
  8. 2021SeaDronesSee: A Maritime Benchmark for Detecting Humans in Open Watercited by 61
  9. 2024CountGD: Multi-Modal Open-World Countingcited by 59
  10. 2023Zero-shot Object Countingcited by 57
  11. 2022Few-shot Object Counting and Detectioncited by 55
  12. 2024GEOBench-VLM: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models for Geospatial Taskscited by 51
38 more
  1. 2025UAVs Meet LLMs: Overviews and Perspectives Toward Agentic Low-Altitude Mobilitycited by 49
  2. 2023VLCounter: Text-aware Visual Representation for Zero-Shot Object Countingcited by 45
  3. 2022Learning to Count Anything: Reference-less Class-agnostic Counting with Weak Supervisioncited by 41
  4. 2023Open-world Text-specified Object Countingcited by 41
  5. 2023STEERER: Resolving Scale Variations for Counting and Localization via Selective Inheritance Learningcited by 41
  6. 2022EarthNets: Empowering AI in Earth Observationcited by 40
  7. 2023Point, Segment and Count: A Generalized Framework for Object Countingcited by 39
  8. 2024Good at captioning, bad at counting: Benchmarking GPT-4V on Earth observation datacited by 39
  9. 2021Physical Adversarial Attacks on an Aerial Imagery Object Detectorcited by 35
  10. 2022Exemplar Free Class Agnostic Countingcited by 32
  11. 2024Position: Measure Dataset Diversity, Don't Just Claim Itcited by 26
  12. 2021Leveraging Synthetic Data in Object Detection on Unmanned Aerial Vehiclescited by 22
  13. 2024Zero-shot Object Counting with Good Exemplarscited by 21
  14. 2023Remote Sensing Object Detection Meets Deep Learning: A Meta-review of Challenges and Advancescited by 20
  15. 2023T-Rex: Counting by Visual Promptingcited by 20
  16. 2024LVLM-COUNT: Enhancing the Counting Ability of Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 20
  17. 2021Detecting and Tracking Small and Dense Moving Objects in Satellite Videos: A Benchmarkcited by 18
  18. 2025Vision-Language Modeling Meets Remote Sensing: Models, Datasets and Perspectivescited by 18
  19. 2021BlueFog: Make Decentralized Algorithms Practical for Optimization and Deep Learningcited by 16
  20. 2021HeterPS: Distributed Deep Learning With Reinforcement Learning Based Scheduling in Heterogeneous Environmentscited by 15
  21. 2024NWPU-MOC: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Multi-category Object Counting in Aerial Imagescited by 14
  22. 2025LISAT: Language-Instructed Segmentation Assistant for Satellite Imagerycited by 13
  23. 2024OVR: A Dataset for Open Vocabulary Temporal Repetition Counting in Videoscited by 10
  24. 2022A Systematic Review on Computer Vision-Based Parking Lot Management Applied on Public Datasetscited by 9
  25. 2023Zero-Shot Object Counting with Language-Vision Modelscited by 9
  26. 2021Oriented Bounding Boxes for Small and Freely Rotated Objectscited by 8
  27. 2022Counting Varying Density Crowds Through Density Guided Adaptive Selection CNN and Transformer Estimationcited by 8
  28. 2025CountGD++: Generalized Prompting for Open-World Countingcited by 8
  29. 2021Sampling Equivariant Self-attention Networks for Object Detection in Aerial Imagescited by 6
  30. 2023Learning to Count without Annotationscited by 5
  31. 2025More Clear, More Flexible, More Precise: A Comprehensive Oriented Object Detection benchmark for UAVcited by 5
  32. 2022Empirical Evaluation of Physical Adversarial Patch Attacks Against Overhead Object Detection Modelscited by 4
  33. 2023GCNet: Probing Self-Similarity Learning for Generalized Counting Networkcited by 4
  34. 2021Counting and Locating High-Density Objects Using Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 3
  35. 2021Artificial and beneficial -- Exploiting artificial images for aerial vehicle detectioncited by 3
  36. 2022Dense-TNT: Efficient Vehicle Type Classification Neural Network Using Satellite Imagerycited by 3
  37. 2022Centerpoints Are All You Need in Overhead Imagerycited by 2
  38. 2023Explainable AI for Earth Observation: Current Methods, Open Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 2

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