Query Your Way Out: Benchmarking Multi-Turn Knowledge Reasoning through Generalized Puzzle Solving
On the map: LLM reasoning → Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning also fits: Reasoning for agents, planning and code
Abstract (arXiv)
Puzzles offer a natural testbed for Large Language Models (LLMs) reasoning because they pose verifiable goals under partial information and require multi-step decisions to reach a solution. However, existing puzzle benchmarks typically focus on narrow environments with rigid mechanics and tightly constrained solution targets. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Active Probing Benchmark (APB), which generalizes puzzle-solving by casting concept identification as an interactive reasoning task that integrates specialized knowledge assessment into the puzzle setting. Specifically, APB evaluates whether models can acquire information via multi-turn active probing and inference to pinpoint 960 target concepts of specialized difficulty across eight diverse academic domains. Our evaluation reveals a counter-intuitive phenomenon: most open-source reasoning models significantly underperform their standard instruction counterparts. This finding suggests that in interactive settings, these models struggle to leverage procedural reasoning to reliably access and apply specialized domain knowledge. Beyond these empirical insights, APB provides a scalable pipeline for generating benchmarks that probe knowledge reasoning under interaction across diverse settings.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Knowledge- and tool-augmented reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 44 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Oct 2026.
Builds on
44 of 54 references.
References · 44
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,886
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,100
- 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,796
- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,879
- 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
- 2022Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelscited by 1,998
32 more
- 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,919
- 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,848
- 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,386
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,267
- 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,184
- 2024MLE-bench: Evaluating Machine Learning Agents on Machine Learning Engineeringcited by 469
- 2021Dynabench: Rethinking Benchmarking in NLPcited by 459
- 2024VLMEvalKit: An Open-Source Toolkit for Evaluating Large Multi-Modality Modelscited by 455
- 2024LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmarkcited by 262
- 2024Leak, Cheat, Repeat: Data Contamination and Evaluation Malpractices in Closed-Source LLMscited by 229
- 2023Stop Uploading Test Data in Plain Text: Practical Strategies for Mitigating Data Contamination by Evaluation Benchmarkscited by 142
- 2024Benchmarking Benchmark Leakage in Large Language Modelscited by 106
- 2024MathBench: Evaluating the Theory and Application Proficiency of LLMs with a Hierarchical Mathematics Benchmarkcited by 105
- 2024Large Language Models and Games: A Survey and Roadmapcited by 93
- 2023LatestEval: Addressing Data Contamination in Language Model Evaluation through Dynamic and Time-Sensitive Test Constructioncited by 58
- 2024Can Language Models Serve as Text-Based World Simulators?cited by 52
- 2023An Open Source Data Contamination Report for Large Language Modelscited by 51
- 2024Puzzle Solving using Reasoning of Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 45
- 2024Causal Language Modeling Can Elicit Search and Reasoning Capabilities on Logic Puzzlescited by 38
- 2025LessLeak-Bench: A First Investigation of Data Leakage in LLMs Across 83 Software Engineering Benchmarkscited by 37
- 2024Evaluation data contamination in LLMs: how do we measure it and (when) does it matter?cited by 32
- 2024Training on the Benchmark Is Not All You Needcited by 25
- 2025PuzzleBench: A Fully Dynamic Evaluation Framework for Large Multimodal Models on Puzzle Solvingcited by 17
- 2022A Theory of Dynamic Benchmarkscited by 16
- 2024PUZZLES: A Benchmark for Neural Algorithmic Reasoningcited by 13
- 2025FINEREASON: Evaluating and Improving LLMs' Deliberate Reasoning through Reflective Puzzle Solvingcited by 11
- 2025Multi-Turn Puzzles: Evaluating Interactive Reasoning and Strategic Dialogue in LLMscited by 10
- 2018Playing 20 Question Game with Policy-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2023Leveraging Word Guessing Games to Assess the Intelligence of Large Language Modelscited by 8
- 2024Weak-eval-Strong: Evaluating and Eliciting Lateral Thinking of LLMs with Situation Puzzlescited by 8
- 2025Solving Situation Puzzles with Large Language Model and External Reformulationcited by 4
- 2025Learning to Play Like Humans: A Framework for LLM Adaptation in Interactive Fiction Gamescited by 4
Built on by
Not cited yet.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025From Passive to Active Reasoning: Can Large Language Models Ask the Right Questions under Incomplete Information?
- 2025EnigmaEval: A Benchmark of Long Multimodal Reasoning Challenges
- 2026Evaluating Interactive Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Hierarchical Benchmark with Executable Games
- 2025PuzzleWorld: A Benchmark for Multimodal, Open-Ended Reasoning in Puzzlehunts
- 2024Navigating the Labyrinth: Evaluating LLMs' Ability to Reason About Search Problems
- 2025TurnBench-MS: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-Turn, Multi-Step Reasoning in Large Language Models
- 2026Self-Awareness before Action: Mitigating Logical Inertia via Proactive Cognitive Awareness
- 2026Pencil Puzzle Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Step Verifiable Reasoning