Long-Horizon Textual World Modeling through Structured Reasoning
On the map: World models → World models for language agents
Abstract (arXiv)
World models must predict how an environment evolves under sequences of actions, enabling agents to compare possible futures and reason about counterfactual actions before acting. Long-horizon prediction is commonly obtained by recursively applying a one-step transition model, but intermediate errors can compound over time. Multi-step dynamics models instead condition on a sequence of future actions and predict their consequences directly, but become harder to learn as horizon grows: the model must track interacting state changes across the trajectory, endpoint supervision provides weak credit assignment, and intermediate predictions can remain plausible while losing information needed for later states. We show that these challenges can be addressed by casting the internal evolution of a multi-step transition as structured reasoning over textual world states: reasoning over sparse state changes reduces the burden of state tracking, a predictive-gain objective rewards the learned state for improving over a matched predictor that conditions on raw history instead, and intermediate predictive rewards supervise each state along the trajectory. Because these intermediate states are explicit textual representations of the world, they provide semantically meaningful targets that can be inspected, scored, and corrected during training. Across ScienceWorld, Jericho, and CEO-Bench, our approach achieves the strongest average long-horizon performance against recursive and non-recursive baselines that condition directly on raw history, with gains increasing at longer horizons. In a controlled counterfactual study, our model is also the only one with statistically significant sensitivity to future actions.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for language agents, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 15 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Oct 2026.
Builds on
15 of 36 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Textual Belief States for World Models: Identifiable Representation Learning Under Strict Mediation26 Jun
- 2026Qwen-AgentWorld: Language World Models for General Agents23 Jun
- 2026Bridging the Agent-World Gap: Text World Models for LLM-based Agents8 Jun
Other references · 12
- 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2018World Modelscited by 1,513
- 2023Mastering Diverse Domains through World Modelscited by 1,253
- 2024Revisiting Feature Prediction for Learning Visual Representations from Videocited by 531
- 2019Interactive Fiction Games: A Colossal Adventurecited by 168
- 2019Combating the Compounding-Error Problem with a Multi-step Modelcited by 54
- 2025RLP: Reinforcement as a Pretraining Objectivecited by 25
- 2026Beyond the Next Step: Variable-Length Latent World Models for Long-Horizon Planningcited by 8
- 2026CEO-Bench: Can Agents Play the Long Game?cited by 6
- 2024An Empirical Study on the Power of Future Prediction in Partially Observable Environmentscited by 4
- 2026Beyond Myopic World Models: Long-Horizon End-to-End Training for Direct Future Predictioncited by 1
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- 2026Why We Need World Models for AGI: Where LLMs Fail and How World Models May Outperform
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- 2026HyperWorld: Hypergraph-Structured State Serialization Improves Learned Textual World Models
- 2026MemWM: Memory-Augmented Text-Based World Model
- 2026Beyond Next-Observation Prediction: Agent-Authored World Modeling for Sequential Decision Making
- 2024Making Large Language Models into World Models with Precondition and Effect Knowledge
- 2026World Potential Model: Pretrained World Knowledge as Progress Potentials
- 2026Baba in Wonderland: Online Self-Supervised Dynamics Discovery for Executable World Models