mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Baba in Wonderland: Online Self-Supervised Dynamics Discovery for Executable World Models

arXiv 2605.16725 ↗First posted 16 May 2026cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: World models → World models for language agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Executable world models can be read, edited, executed, and reused for planning, but only if the program captures the environment's transition law rather than semantic shortcuts in its surface vocabulary. We study online executable world-model learning under prior misalignment, where an agent must induce state-dependent dynamics from interaction evidence alone, without rule descriptions, reward signals, or trustworthy lexical priors. We introduce Alice, a closed-loop system that treats failed candidate updates as structural signal: when a candidate explains a new transition but loses previously explained ones, the preservation conflict reveals dynamics that the current program had conflated. Alice refines these conflicts into hypothesis classes that both provide compact, class-stratified preservation counterexamples for update and guide frontier exploration toward transitions that are novel and underrepresented with respect to the current program. We evaluate Alice on Baba in Wonderland, a prior-misaligned variant of Baba Is You that preserves simulator dynamics while replacing semantically meaningful rule-property labels with unrelated words. Experiments show that Alice substantially improves executable world-model learning under prior misalignment, and ablations show that both class refinement and class-aware exploration contribute.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for language agents, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 17 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 May 2026.

Builds on

17 of 37 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Code World Models for General Game Playing6 Oct
  2. 2025PoE-World: Compositional World Modeling with Products of Programmatic Experts16 May
  3. 2025WALL-E 2.0: World Alignment by NeuroSymbolic Learning improves World Model-based LLM Agents22 Apr

Other references · 14

  1. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,191
  2. 2018World Modelscited by 1,513
  3. 2023Mastering Diverse Domains through World Modelscited by 1,253
  4. 2018Exploration by Random Network Distillationcited by 993
  5. 2018Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Functioncited by 752
  6. 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Controlcited by 512
  7. 2019Go-Explore: a New Approach for Hard-Exploration Problemscited by 212
  8. 2020Never Give Up: Learning Directed Exploration Strategiescited by 212
  9. 2025ReSum: Unlocking Long-Horizon Search Intelligence via Context Summarizationcited by 141
  10. 2023Keep the Conversation Going: Fixing 162 out of 337 bugs for 0.42 each using ChatGPTcited by 125
  11. 2023DEIR: Efficient and Robust Exploration through Discriminative-Model-Based Episodic Intrinsic Rewardscited by 7
  12. 2026From Assumptions to Actions: Turning LLM Reasoning into Uncertainty-Aware Planning for Embodied Agentscited by 5
2 more
  1. 2023PatchZero: Zero-Shot Automatic Patch Correctness Assessmentcited by 3
  2. 2026Code over Words: Overcoming Semantic Inertia via Code-Grounded Reasoningcited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Why We Need World Models for AGI: Where LLMs Fail and How World Models May Outperform
  2. 2026verdi: retrieval is not transfer for continual world model optimization
  3. 2025One Life to Learn: Inferring Symbolic World Models for Stochastic Environments from Unguided Exploration
  4. 2026Long-Horizon Textual World Modeling through Structured Reasoning
  5. 2026Shaping Persistent Representations from Independent Interactions
  6. 2024Making Large Language Models into World Models with Precondition and Effect Knowledge
  7. 2026MemWM: Memory-Augmented Text-Based World Model
  8. 2026PatchWorld: Gradient-Free Optimization of Executable World Models for Agent Environments