Beyond Myopic World Models: Long-Horizon End-to-End Training for Direct Future Prediction
On the map: World models → Latent predictive world models
Abstract (arXiv)
World models are expected to support imagination over extended temporal horizons, yet most are still trained through local few-step prediction objectives and deployed by recursively rolling out their own predictions. This creates a fundamental mismatch: few-step losses optimize local transition fidelity, while long-horizon prediction depends on how errors and gradients propagate through the entire trajectory. As a result, transitions with different downstream influence on the endpoint are treated uniformly during training, and small local errors are amplified through recursive inference. We argue that long-horizon accuracy is better achieved by optimizing directly, through an end-to-end endpoint prediction objective. To instantiate this paradigm, we introduce the Direct Prediction World Model (DPWM), a non-recursive architecture that compresses an action sequence of arbitrary length into a single embedding and predicts the endpoint observation in a single forward pass. This design avoids recurrent rollout in both prediction and gradient propagation, making long-horizon end-to-end training practical at horizons where unrolled autoregressive training becomes unstable. Empirically, DPWM substantially improves long-horizon endpoint prediction over recursive world-model baselines on continuous-control and pixel-based benchmarks, with larger gains as the prediction horizon increases. We further show that recurrent baselines benefit similarly when retrained with the same long-horizon endpoint objective, supporting our central claim that the training objective, rather than the particular backbone choice, is the main driver of long-horizon prediction accuracy. Our results suggest that world models can benefit from being trained and evaluated at the temporal scales where they are ultimately used, shifting the focus from local transition modeling toward long-horizon predictive accuracy.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Latent predictive world models, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 26 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2026.
Builds on
26 of 43 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Hierarchical Planning with Latent World Models3 Apr
- 2026From Kepler to Newton: Inductive Biases Guide Learned World Models in Transformers6 Feb
- 2025SmallWorlds: Assessing Dynamics Understanding of World Models in Isolated Environments28 Nov
- 2025Cloning Deterministic Worlds: The Critical Role of Latent Geometry in Long-Horizon World Models30 Oct
- 2024How Far is Video Generation from World Model: A Physical Law Perspective4 Nov
- 2022Temporal Difference Learning for Model Predictive Control9 Mar
Other references · 20
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,703
- 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,333
- 2019Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imaginationcited by 1,653
- 2023Learning Fine-Grained Bimanual Manipulation with Low-Cost Hardwarecited by 1,568
- 2018World Modelscited by 1,513
- 2020Mastering Atari with Discrete World Modelscited by 1,007
- 2015Scheduled Sampling for Sequence Prediction with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 803
- 2018Diversity is All You Need: Learning Skills without a Reward Functioncited by 752
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environmentscited by 747
- 2023TD-MPC2: Scalable, Robust World Models for Continuous Controlcited by 512
- 2016Unsupervised Learning for Physical Interaction through Video Predictioncited by 260
8 more
- 2018Lipschitz Continuity in Model-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 91
- 2019Combating the Compounding-Error Problem with a Multi-step Modelcited by 54
- 2021Temporal Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning with the Successor Representationcited by 54
- 2025What Has a Foundation Model Found? Using Inductive Bias to Probe for World Modelscited by 47
- 2016Self-Correcting Models for Model-Based Reinforcement Learningcited by 43
- 2018Time-Agnostic Prediction: Predicting Predictable Video Framescited by 37
- 2017Model-Based Planning with Discrete and Continuous Actionscited by 7
- 2023Leveraging Jumpy Models for Planning and Fast Learning in Robotic Domainscited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2026Beyond the Next Step: Variable-Length Latent World Models for Long-Horizon Planning
- 2026WALL-SS: Scaling Long-horizon World Models via Next-Scale Autoregression
- 2026LIVE: Long-horizon Interactive Video World Modeling
- 2026Foresight Without Seeing: Latent Futures for World Action Models
- 2026Traj-LeWM: Path-Aware World-Model Planning via Latent Trajectory Cost
- 2026MARS: Systematic Multi-Level Acceleration for World Action Models