WAM-TTT: Steering World-Action Models by Watching Human Play at Test Time
On the map: World models → Embodied and robot world models
Abstract (arXiv)
Steering robot foundation models (RFMs) toward new task variants or user-preferred behaviors remains challenging, often requiring additional robot demonstrations, task-specific fine-tuning, or long-context conditioning. We present WAM-TTT, a test-time training framework for steering world action models from raw human videos. Rather than treating human videos as trajectories to imitate, WAM-TTT absorbs them into a lightweight adaptive memory inside a frozen WAM through self-supervised video prediction. To make this memory useful for control, we introduce a meta-training stage that aligns human demonstrations with robot behaviors using paired human-robot data and a key--value memory reconstruction objective. At test time, only unlabeled human videos are required to adapt the memory, while the pretrained WAM remains frozen. This enables efficient and reusable steering without robot actions, human-side annotations, or task-specific fine-tuning, while preserving the generalization ability of the foundation model. Extensive experiments show that WAM-TTT consistently outperforms in-context human-video conditioning baselines across diverse manipulation tasks and generalization settings.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and robot world models, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 38 of its 61 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jul 2026.
Builds on
38 of 61 references.
Closest ancestors · 14
Same direction, newest first
- 2026ABot-M0.5: Unified Mobility-and-Manipulation World Action Model1 Jul
- 2026ImageWAM: Do World Action Models Really Need Video Generation, or Just Image Editing?17 Jun
- 2026MaskWAM: Unifying Mask Prompting and Prediction for World-Action Models11 Jun
- 2026AHA-WAM:Asynchronous Horizon-Adaptive World-Action Modeling with Observation-Guided Context Routing8 Jun
- 2026Being-H0.7: A Latent World-Action Model from Egocentric Videos30 Apr
- 2026Motubrain: An Advanced World Action Model for Robot Control30 Apr
- 2026Unified 4D World Action Modeling from Video Priors with Asynchronous Denoising29 Apr
- 2026GigaWorld-Policy: An Efficient Action-Centered World--Action Model18 Mar
- 2026Fast-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Test-time Future Imagination?17 Mar
- 2026World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies17 Feb
- 2026Causal World Modeling for Robot Control29 Jan
- 2026ReWorld: Multi-Dimensional Reward Modeling for Embodied World Models18 Jan
2 more
Other references · 24
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,761
- 2025DINOv3cited by 1,414
- 2019MediaPipe: A Framework for Building Perception Pipelinescited by 583
- 2024Titans: Learning to Memorize at Test Timecited by 328
- 2024Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representationscited by 289
- 2023MimicPlay: Long-Horizon Imitation Learning by Watching Human Playcited by 223
- 2025EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Videocited by 211
- 2024EgoMimic: Scaling Imitation Learning via Egocentric Videocited by 175
- 2026Cosmos 3: Omnimodal World Models for Physical AIcited by 165
- 2024Gen2Act: Human Video Generation in Novel Scenarios enables Generalizable Robot Manipulationcited by 153
- 2026π0.7: a Steerable Generalist Robotic Foundation Model with Emergent Capabilitiescited by 138
- 2026ABot-M0: VLA Foundation Model for Robotic Manipulation with Action Manifold Learningcited by 103
12 more
- 2026EgoScale: Scaling Dexterous Manipulation with Diverse Egocentric Human Datacited by 94
- 2026DiT4DiT: Jointly Modeling Video Dynamics and Actions for Generalizable Robot Controlcited by 76
- 2025WoW: Towards a World omniscient World model Through Embodied Interactioncited by 67
- 2024Vid2Robot: End-to-end Video-conditioned Policy Learning with Cross-Attention Transformerscited by 52
- 2026LDA-1B: Scaling Latent Dynamics Action Model via Universal Embodied Data Ingestioncited by 52
- 2023Zero-Shot Robot Manipulation from Passive Human Videoscited by 51
- 2024EVA: An Embodied World Model for Future Video Anticipationcited by 28
- 2025EVOLVE-VLA: Test-Time Training from Environment Feedback for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 22
- 2025MimicDroid: In-Context Learning for Humanoid Robot Manipulation from Human Play Videoscited by 20
- 2026On-the-Fly VLA Adaptation via Test-Time Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
- 2026DexImit: Learning Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation from Monocular Human Videoscited by 12
- 2026Spatial-TTT: Streaming Visual-based Spatial Intelligence with Test-Time Trainingcited by 11
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 8.
8 papers.
- 2026Zero-WAM: In-Context World-Action Modeling from Human Videos for Open-Ended Task Generalizationcited by 13
- 2026StellaVLA: In-Context Structured Demonstration for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 4
- 2026In-Context Learning for Robots: Methods and Applicationscited by 1
- 2026Long-WAM: Scaling the Context of World-Action Modelscited by 1
- 2026Learning to Use Imagination: Progress-Conditioned Future Utilization for World Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026JEPA-TTT: Persistent Test-Time Training of Latent World Models for Planning under Dynamics Shiftscited by 0
- 2026Juno: Taming Predictive Latents for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026World-T3: Test-Time Training as Persistent Memory for Real-Time Video World Modelscited by 0
- 2026World-T3: Test-Time Training as Persistent Memory for Real-Time Video World Models12 Oct 2026
- 2026Long-WAM: Scaling the Context of World-Action Models7 Oct 2026
- 2026Juno: Taming Predictive Latents for Vision-Language-Action Models7 Oct 2026
- 2026JEPA-TTT: Persistent Test-Time Training of Latent World Models for Planning under Dynamics Shifts30 Sep 2026
- 2026In-Context Learning for Robots: Methods and Applications28 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Use Imagination: Progress-Conditioned Future Utilization for World Action Models6 Sep 2026
- 2026Zero-WAM: In-Context World-Action Modeling from Human Videos for Open-Ended Task Generalization26 Aug 2026
- 2026StellaVLA: In-Context Structured Demonstration for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Models12 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026EVO-WAM: Evolving World Action Models through Video-Action Verification
- 2026τ0-WM: A Unified Video-Action World Model for Robotic Manipulation
- 2026HiMem-WAM: Hierarchical Memory-Gated World Action Models for Robotic Manipulation
- 2026RM-WAM: Reliable Memory-Augmented World Action Models for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation
- 2026WorldScape Policy 2.0: Empowering Steerable World Action Modeling with Reasoning-Augmented Memory and In-Context Learning
- 2026DIM-WAM: World-Action Modeling with Diverse Historical Event Memory
- 2026OpenWAM: An Open Framework for Composable World-Action Models
- 2026Efficient-WAM: A 1B-Parameter World-Action Model with Low-Cost Future Imagination