Capable but Careless: Do Computer-Use Agents Follow Contextual Integrity?
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent threats, guardrails and governance
Abstract (arXiv)
Computer-use agents (CUAs) now act on a user's behalf across personal applications such as email, calendars, and to-do lists. This cross-application access is useful, but it also creates a privacy risk that has been largely overlooked: when an agent works in one context, it can pull in information from another that is inappropriate in that context. Hence, we introduce AgentCIBench, an evaluation harness that turns this risk into executable, deterministically scored scenarios. We target three common failure modes in CUAs: visual co-location, where the agent pulls in prohibited items that sit next to the task target in the UI; task-ambiguity overshare, where the agent dumps dense personal state in response to an under-specified prompt; and recipient misalignment, where the agent sends content to an addressee for whom it is inappropriate. We evaluate 15 frontier agents and find a surprisingly high failure rate: 11 of 15 leak on more than 50% of scenarios, with an average leakage of 67.9%, and the same failures persist when agents act end-to-end in the environment to complete the task. We release AgentCIBench to encourage the development of safer computer-use agents and position contextual disclosure testing as a pre-deployment safety check.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent threats, guardrails and governance, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 26 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jun 2026.
Builds on
26 of 48 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2026AgentLeak: A Benchmark for Internal-Channel Privacy Leakage in Multi-Agent LLM Systems12 Feb
- 2025AgentDAM: Privacy Leakage Evaluation for Autonomous Web Agents12 Mar
- 2024ST-WebAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Safety and Trustworthiness in Web Agents9 Oct
- 2023Identifying the Risks of LM Agents with an LM-Emulated Sandbox25 Sep
Other references · 22
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,210
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,134
- 2025UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agentscited by 584
- 2024SeeClick: Harnessing GUI Grounding for Advanced Visual GUI Agentscited by 553
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 348
- 2023Benchmarking and Defending Against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks on Large Language Modelscited by 237
- 2024OR-Bench: An Over-Refusal Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 222
- 2023Can LLMs Keep a Secret? Testing Privacy Implications of Language Models via Contextual Integrity Theorycited by 218
- 2024Windows Agent Arena: Evaluating Multi-Modal OS Agents at Scalecited by 212
- 2024WebLINX: Real-World Website Navigation with Multi-Turn Dialoguecited by 177
- 2024PrivacyLens: Evaluating Privacy Norm Awareness of Language Models in Actioncited by 161
10 more
- 2025Agent S2: A Compositional Generalist-Specialist Framework for Computer Use Agentscited by 156
- 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Researchcited by 152
- 2025OpenCUA: Open Foundations for Computer-Use Agentscited by 151
- 2024ScreenAgent: A Vision Language Model-driven Computer Control Agentcited by 101
- 2024CI-Bench: Benchmarking Contextual Integrity of AI Assistants on Synthetic Datacited by 34
- 2025PrivaCI-Bench: Evaluating Privacy with Contextual Integrity and Legal Compliancecited by 34
- 2025CIMemories: A Compositional Benchmark for Contextual Integrity of Persistent Memory in LLMscited by 22
- 2026PersistBench: When Should Long-Term Memories Be Forgotten by LLMs?cited by 16
- 2025OpenApps: Simulating Environment Variations to Measure UI-Agent Reliabilitycited by 10
- 2026Privacy Collapse: Benign Fine-Tuning Can Break Contextual Privacy in Language Modelscited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026PiSAs: Benchmarking Contextual Integrity in Multi-User Agentic Systems
- 2026The Blind Spot of Agent Safety: How Benign User Instructions Expose Critical Vulnerabilities in Computer-Use Agents
- 2026ADeptS-Bench: Measuring the Trustworthiness of Computer Use Agents Across Devices
- 2025A Systematization of Security Vulnerabilities in Computer Use Agents
- 2026Secure-CUA: Controlling Untrusted Influence in Computer-Use Agents
- 2026CI-Work: Benchmarking Contextual Integrity in Enterprise LLM Agents
- 2026When Benign Inputs Lead to Severe Harms: Eliciting Unsafe Unintended Behaviors of Computer-Use Agents
- 2026When Actions Go Off-Task: Detecting and Correcting Misaligned Actions in Computer-Use Agents