IHBench: Evaluating Post-Interruption Recovery in Voice Agents with Structured Workflows
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Voice agents deployed in structured workflows (customer service, healthcare scheduling, account management) must handle frequent user interruptions while maintaining progress through multi-step procedures. Existing benchmarks for speech-capable models focus on the timing of interruptions: barge-in detection, endpointing, and turn-taking dynamics. They leave unmeasured what happens after the interruption: does the agent resume the workflow at the correct step? Does it address the user's interjection? Does it avoid re-delivering content the user already heard? We introduce IHBench (Interruption Handling Benchmark), a benchmark that evaluates post-interruption recovery in voice agents executing state-machine-driven workflows across 10 enterprise domains. Six interruption types are injected at controlled points mid-utterance, with per-interruption evaluation rubrics generated alongside the data. Each interruption is scored on two axes: task fulfillment and recovery quality. We evaluate 27 audio-language model configurations from OpenAI, Google, and the open-weight community. Models vary widely, and recovery quality depends strongly on the interruption type. Across our experiments, closed-weight models are consistently more robust to interruptions than open-weight ones: they win far more often on task fulfillment, degrade roughly 3.3x more slowly as conversations grow longer, and show no audio-versus-text modality gap, whereas the open-weight models lose ground on all three. A human study validates the LLM judge against human annotators, and a cross-benchmark analysis against AudioMultiChallenge indicates that recovery quality is a largely distinct capability axis.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 17 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jun 2026.
Builds on
17 of 41 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Full-Duplex-Bench-v3: Benchmarking Tool Use for Full-Duplex Voice Agents Under Real-World Disfluency6 Apr
- 2026τ-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domains14 Mar
Other references · 15
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
- 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
- 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
- 2023WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructionscited by 1,125
- 2025MultiChallenge: A Realistic Multi-Turn Conversation Evaluation Benchmark Challenging to Frontier LLMscited by 180
- 2025Full-Duplex-Bench: A Benchmark to Evaluate Full-duplex Spoken Dialogue Models on Turn-taking Capabilitiescited by 100
- 2025Full-Duplex-Bench v1.5: Evaluating Overlap Handling for Full-Duplex Speech Modelscited by 54
- 2025Full-Duplex-Bench-v2: A Multi-Turn Evaluation Framework for Duplex Dialogue Systems with an Automated Examinercited by 41
- 2025MTR-DuplexBench: Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of Multi-Round Conversations for Full-Duplex Speech Language Modelscited by 22
- 2026From Self-Evolving Synthetic Data to Verifiable-Reward RL: Post-Training Multi-turn Interactive Tool-Using Agentscited by 21
- 2026EVA-Bench: A New End-to-end Framework for Evaluating Voice Agentscited by 18
- 2025FLEXI: Benchmarking Full-duplex Human-LLM Speech Interactioncited by 15
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026DuplexWorld: Can voice agents help you get through the day?cited by 4
- 2026MSI-Bench: Evaluating Multi-Speaker Voice Interaction for Collaborative AI Agentscited by 4
- 2026When Patients Cut In: Extending Clinical Conversational AI Safety to Interruptionscited by 0
- 2026Evaluating Real-Time Voice Agents: From Component Quality to Grounded Outcomescited by 0
- 2026Prompts versus Rules: Auditing and Controlling Speech Naturalness Behaviors in Voice User Simulatorscited by 0
- 2026Prompts versus Rules: Auditing and Controlling Speech Naturalness Behaviors in Voice User Simulators7 Oct 2026
- 2026Evaluating Real-Time Voice Agents: From Component Quality to Grounded Outcomes25 Sep 2026
- 2026MSI-Bench: Evaluating Multi-Speaker Voice Interaction for Collaborative AI Agents21 Sep 2026
- 2026When Patients Cut In: Extending Clinical Conversational AI Safety to Interruptions29 Aug 2026
- 2026DuplexWorld: Can voice agents help you get through the day?11 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Talk2Agent: Benchmarking Voice Interfaces for Text Agents
- 2026IndicFDB: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents across Indian Languages
- 2025VoiceAgentEval: A Dual-Dimensional Benchmark for Expert-Level Intelligent Voice-Agent Evaluation of Xbench's Professional-Aligned Series
- 2026Audio2Tool: Speak, Call, Act -- A Dataset for Benchmarking Speech Tool Use
- 2026AnovaX: A Local, Multi-Agent Voice Assistant with LLM Planning, Typed Executors, and Adaptive Recovery
- 2026When the Database Fails: Prompting LLM Dialogue Agents for Safe Recovery in Task-Oriented Dialogue
- 2026From Reactive to Proactive: Assessing the Proactivity of Voice Agents via ProVoice-Bench
- 2026SAGE: State-Grounded, Abstention-Aware Evaluation of Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents