mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

When Patients Cut In: Extending Clinical Conversational AI Safety to Interruptions

arXiv 2608.29241 ↗First posted 29 Aug 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Clinical voice agents are now deployed in routine care, where real patients do not wait their turn: they interrupt. These systems typically use a cascaded architecture (speech-to-text -> LLM -> text-to-speech), so when a patient cuts the agent off mid-utterance, clinically required content can be lost even when the model handles cooperative transcripts well. Yet clinical conversational-AI benchmarks almost universally assume patients wait for the agent to finish, missing interruption-induced loss of required content. We present a transcript-based evaluation of interruption recovery, adapting conversation-analytic overlap categories into three operational types (recognitional, competitive, transitional sub-unit) and testing four deployment-oriented, non-reasoning LLM configurations across four cells spanning history-taking (information gathering) and FAQ (information provision), scored on whether the agent preserves the clinically required content. In the gathering cells, target-question failure varied across models; in the provision cells, where arms are directly comparable, failure rose for every model. Rankings differ across cells, and competitive FAQ interruption produced 30/30 provision-coverage failures for all four models (Wilson 95% CI: 88.6-100.0%; baseline 0/30 for three, 4/30 for Llama). A brief apology marker ("sorry to interrupt") shifts recovery by tens of percentage points, inconsistently across models, and for one it reduces recovery. Interruption robustness therefore cannot be a single score: evaluation must be content-grounded, reported per cell, and matched to the deployment's interruption profile.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Aug 2026.

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13 of 32 references.

References · 13

  1. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench v1.5: Evaluating Overlap Handling for Full-Duplex Speech Modelscited by 54
  2. 2025Talking Turns: Benchmarking Audio Foundation Models on Turn-Taking Dynamicscited by 47
  3. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench-v2: A Multi-Turn Evaluation Framework for Duplex Dialogue Systems with an Automated Examinercited by 41
  4. 2026τ-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domainscited by 36
  5. 2025PatientSim: A Persona-Driven Simulator for Realistic Doctor-Patient Interactionscited by 32
  6. 2026EVA-Bench: A New End-to-end Framework for Evaluating Voice Agentscited by 18
  7. 2026Full-Duplex Interaction in Spoken Dialogue Systems: A Comprehensive Study from the ICASSP 2026 HumDial Challengecited by 13
  8. 2026EchoChain: A Full-Duplex Benchmark for State-Update Reasoning Under Interruptionscited by 5
  9. 2026IHBench: Evaluating Post-Interruption Recovery in Voice Agents with Structured Workflowscited by 5
  10. 2025ASTRID -- An Automated and Scalable TRIaD for the Evaluation of RAG-based Clinical Question Answering Systemscited by 4
  11. 2026Building Enterprise Realtime Voice Agents from Scratch: A Technical Tutorialcited by 4
  12. 2025Evaluating Speech-to-Text x LLM x Text-to-Speech Combinations for AI Interview Systemscited by 3
1 more
  1. 2025WER is Unaware: Assessing How ASR Errors Distort Clinical Understanding in Patient Facing Dialoguecited by 3

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  2. 2026When the Database Fails: Prompting LLM Dialogue Agents for Safe Recovery in Task-Oriented Dialogue
  3. 2025Dialogue is Better Than Monologue: Instructing Medical LLMs via Strategical Conversations
  4. 2025RECAP: Transparent Inference-Time Emotion Alignment for Medical Dialogue Systems
  5. 2026Large language models are vulnerable to incidental information in clinical documentation and reasoning
  6. 2025An Agentic AI System for Multi-Framework Communication Coding
  7. 2026Knowing When to Abstain: Medical LLMs Under Clinical Uncertainty
  8. 2026MoBayes: A Modular Bayesian Framework for Separating Reasoning from Language in Conversational Clinical Decision Support