mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Terminal-World: Scaling Terminal-Agent Environments via Agent Skills

arXiv 2605.20876 ↗First posted 20 May 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 20

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent skill learning and evolution

Abstract (arXiv)

Terminal agents extend Large Language Models with the ability to execute tasks directly in command-line environments, but their progress is bottlenecked by the scarcity of high-quality training data. Existing approaches bootstrap from partial sources such as human-defined seeds or GitHub repositories to instantiate one component and then complete the rest, producing tasks confined to narrow seed distributions, environments misaligned with task semantics, and inefficient trajectories from unguided exploration. To address these limitations, we introduce Terminal-World, a fully automated pipeline that uses agent skills as the central synthesis primitive, which jointly encode what to accomplish, when to apply (preconditions and environment state), and how to execute, enabling task instructions, environments, and teacher trajectories to be co-derived. To further broaden the synthesis space, Terminal-World composes skills into skill teams and skill graphs for multi-role and cross-domain task synthesis. Using this pipeline, we construct 5,723 training environments and train Terminal-World-8B/14B/32B, evaluated across 6 benchmarks where the Terminal-World series consistently outperforms terminal-agent baselines. Notably, using the same teacher model and only 1.2% of the training data, Terminal-World-32B surpasses Nemotron-Terminal-32B on Terminal-Bench 2.0 by +4.5 Pass@1 (31.5) and achieves 43.8 Pass@3.

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent skill learning and evolution, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 38 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2026.

Builds on

38 of 49 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026SKILL0: In-Context Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Skill Internalization2 Apr
  2. 2026SkillRL: Evolving Agents via Recursive Skill-Augmented Reinforcement Learning9 Feb

Other references · 36

  1. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  2. 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,386
  3. 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,332
  4. 2023SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programscited by 1,141
  5. 2025DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Modelscited by 815
  6. 2023Can LLM Already Serve as A Database Interface? A BIg Bench for Large-Scale Database Grounded Text-to-SQLscited by 688
  7. 2026GLM-5: from Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineeringcited by 587
  8. 2026Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfacescited by 585
  9. 2025Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligencecited by 567
  10. 2024Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personascited by 417
  11. 2024SWIFT:A Scalable lightWeight Infrastructure for Fine-Tuningcited by 355
  12. 2024Tool Learning with Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 223
24 more
  1. 2024ToolACE: Winning the Points of LLM Function Callingcited by 216
  2. 2024APIGen: Automated Pipeline for Generating Verifiable and Diverse Function-Calling Datasetscited by 198
  3. 2025APIGen-MT: Agentic Pipeline for Multi-Turn Data Generation via Simulated Agent-Human Interplaycited by 167
  4. 2025Beyond Ten Turns: Unlocking Long-Horizon Agentic Search with Large-Scale Asynchronous RLcited by 150
  5. 2024InfiAgent-DABench: Evaluating Agents on Data Analysis Taskscited by 140
  6. 2024TableBench: A Comprehensive and Complex Benchmark for Table Question Answeringcited by 128
  7. 2025WebShaper: Agentically Data Synthesizing via Information-Seeking Formalizationcited by 121
  8. 2025WebExplorer: Explore and Evolve for Training Long-Horizon Web Agentscited by 92
  9. 2025SimpleDeepSearcher: Deep Information Seeking via Web-Powered Reasoning Trajectory Synthesiscited by 55
  10. 2026Endless Terminals: Scaling RL Environments for Terminal Agentscited by 54
  11. 2026Agent-World: Scaling Real-World Environment Synthesis for Evolving General Agent Intelligencecited by 54
  12. 2025TaskCraft: Automated Generation of Agentic Taskscited by 51
  13. 2026On Data Engineering for Scaling LLM Terminal Capabilitiescited by 43
  14. 2026Large-Scale Terminal Agentic Trajectory Generation from Dockerized Environmentscited by 33
  15. 2025ToolMind Technical Report: A Large-Scale, Reasoning-Enhanced Tool-Use Datasetcited by 30
  16. 2026TermiGen: High-Fidelity Environment and Robust Trajectory Synthesis for Terminal Agentscited by 29
  17. 2026Building Effective AI Coding Agents for the Terminal: Scaffolding, Harness, Context Engineering, and Lessons Learnedcited by 18
  18. 2025SynthAgent: Adapting Web Agents with Synthetic Supervisioncited by 14
  19. 2026Unlocking Implicit Experience: Synthesizing Tool-Use Trajectories from Textcited by 13
  20. 2025Scaling Generalist Data-Analytic Agentscited by 11
  21. 2025Close the Loop: Synthesizing Infinite Tool-Use Data via Multi-Agent Role-Playingcited by 9
  22. 2025InfoAgent: Advancing Autonomous Information-Seeking Agentscited by 7
  23. 2024ToolBridge: An Open-Source Dataset to Equip LLMs with External Tool Capabilitiescited by 5
  24. 2025Synthesizing Agentic Data for Web Agents with Progressive Difficulty Enhancement Mechanismscited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 20.

20 papers.

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  1. 2026WeaveBench: A Long-Horizon, Real-World Benchmark for Computer-Use Agents with Hybrid Interfacescited by 9
  2. 2026ModularRSI: Modular and Generalizable Recursive Harness Self-Improvementcited by 9
  3. 2026CalibForge: Adversarial Solver Calibration for Scaling Learnable Terminal Taskscited by 8
  4. 2026Terminal-Universe: Turning Agent Trajectories into Scalable Terminal Environmentscited by 8
  5. 2026NexForge: Scaling Agent Capabilities through Requirement-Driven Task Synthesis for LLMscited by 7
  6. 2026SKT: Skill-Use Training at Scale via Verified Synthetic Data Generationcited by 3
  7. 2026Learning Generalizable Behaviors for Terminal Agentscited by 2
  8. 2026CUA-Universe: A Scalable and Dynamic Environment for Hybrid GUI+CLI Agentscited by 2
  9. 2026One Goal, Many Commands: Characterizing Denylist Fragility in AI Agentscited by 1
  10. 2026FM-Bench: A Benchmark for Long-Horizon Management with Competing Agentscited by 1
  11. 2026AgentMercury: Your Agent Can Synthesize Verifiable Environments for Business Scenarios at scalecited by 1
  12. 2026Behavior2Trip: Towards Personalized Travel Planning via User Behavior Trajectorycited by 0
8 more
  1. 2026JarvisGUI: Towards Cross-Device GUI Agents with Dynamic Task Compositioncited by 0
  2. 2026Skill2Env: Capability-Oriented Environment Synthesis from Skills for General Agentscited by 0
  3. 2026Scaling Verifiable Environments for Long-horizon Work Agentscited by 0
  4. 2026Selecting Long-Horizon Trajectories for Reliable and Efficient Terminal-Agent Trainingcited by 0
  5. 2026Scaling Agentic Data for Long-Horizon Terminal Intelligencecited by 0
  6. 2026AutoEnvScaling: Automating the Data Flywheel with Terminal Agentscited by 0
  7. 2026WorkBorne: Discovering Agentic Tasks from Real-World Artifact Transitionscited by 0
  8. 2026SkillForgeBench: Evaluating Agent Reliability Grounded in Agent Skill Specificationscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Toward Scalable Terminal Task Synthesis via Skill Graphs
  2. 2026Meta-Task: Turning Terminal Task Synthesis into a Terminal Task for Scalable Agent Training
  3. 2026Recursive Synthesis for Long-Horizon Terminal Tasks
  4. 2026LiteCoder-Terminal: Scaling Long-Horizon Terminal Environments for Learning Language Agents
  5. 2026FACET: Preserving Source Intent and Executable State in Terminal Task Synthesis
  6. 2026Terminal Agents: A Survey of AI Agents in Command-Line Environments
  7. 2026SETA: Scaling Environments for Terminal Agents
  8. 2026Tmax: A simple recipe for terminal agents