ToolBridge: An Open-Source Dataset to Equip LLMs with External Tool Capabilities
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Abstract (arXiv)
Through the integration of external tools, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o and Llama 3.1 significantly expand their functional capabilities, evolving from elementary conversational agents to general-purpose assistants. We argue that the primary drivers of these advancements are the quality and diversity of the training data. However, the existing LLMs with external tool integration provide only limited transparency regarding their datasets and data collection methods, which has led to the initiation of this research. Specifically, in this paper, our objective is to elucidate the detailed process involved in constructing datasets that empower LLMs to effectively learn how to utilize external tools and make this information available to the public through the introduction of ToolBridge. ToolBridge proposes to employ a collection of general open-access datasets as its raw dataset pool and applies a series of strategies to identify appropriate data entries from the pool for external tool API insertions. By supervised fine-tuning on these curated data entries, LLMs can invoke external tools in appropriate contexts to boost their predictive accuracy, particularly for basic functions including data processing, numerical computation, and factual retrieval. Our experiments rigorously isolates model architectures and training configurations, focusing exclusively on the role of data. The experimental results indicate that LLMs trained on ToolBridge demonstrate consistent performance improvements on both standard benchmarks and custom evaluation datasets. All the associated code and data will be open-source at https://github.com/CharlesPikachu/ToolBridge, promoting transparency and facilitating the broader community to explore approaches for equipping LLMs with external tools capabilities.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2024.
Builds on
23 of 31 references.
References · 23
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
- 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
- 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,947
- 2021WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedbackcited by 1,745
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIscited by 1,332
- 2022LaMDA: Language Models for Dialog Applicationscited by 1,220
- 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,190
11 more
- 2022PAL: Program-aided Language Modelscited by 652
- 2023ToolQA: A Dataset for LLM Question Answering with External Toolscited by 274
- 2022RealTime QA: What's the Answer Right Now?cited by 244
- 2021Internet-Augmented Dialogue Generationcited by 217
- 2023MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Usecited by 217
- 2024GSM-Plus: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating the Robustness of LLMs as Mathematical Problem Solverscited by 158
- 2021A Dataset for Answering Time-Sensitive Questionscited by 154
- 2023On the Tool Manipulation Capability of Open-source Large Language Modelscited by 122
- 2024MathBench: Evaluating the Theory and Application Proficiency of LLMs with a Hierarchical Mathematics Benchmarkcited by 105
- 2022PEER: A Collaborative Language Modelcited by 86
- 2024Let Me Do It For You: Towards LLM Empowered Recommendation via Tool Learningcited by 51
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025Simulating Environments with Reasoning Models for Agent Trainingcited by 57
- 2026Terminal-World: Scaling Terminal-Agent Environments via Agent Skillscited by 20
- 2025ToolHaystack: Stress-Testing Tool-Augmented Language Models in Realistic Long-Term Interactionscited by 5
- 2026What Makes Good Agentic Data? An ACE Lens on Data Generation for LLM Agentscited by 3
- 2025VehicleWorld: A Highly Integrated Multi-Device Environment for Intelligent Vehicle Interactioncited by 2
- 2026What Makes Good Agentic Data? An ACE Lens on Data Generation for LLM Agents27 Aug 2026
- 2026Terminal-World: Scaling Terminal-Agent Environments via Agent Skills20 May 2026
- 2025Simulating Environments with Reasoning Models for Agent Training3 Nov 2025
- 2025VehicleWorld: A Highly Integrated Multi-Device Environment for Intelligent Vehicle Interaction8 Sep 2025
- 2025ToolHaystack: Stress-Testing Tool-Augmented Language Models in Realistic Long-Term Interactions29 May 2025